• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2001

Leptin is a circulating non-glycosylated protein that is mainly produced in adipocytes. Leptin acts in the brain to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Previously we reported our success in the isolation of a partial cDNA of the long form of the leptin receptor, OB-Rb, from rat spleen, and showed that leptin might also play a role in peripheral immune organs. In the present study, for the first time, the complete coding region of OB-Rb cDNA was cloned from rat splenocytes, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The cDNA was then further expressed in E. coli and mammalian cells, thereby confirming the functional integrity of this receptor. Prokaryotically overexpressed OB-R protein was then used as an immunizing antigen in BALE/c mice to produce leptin receptor-specific antibodies. By using them, we confirmed the cell surface expression of OB-Rb in transfected CHO cells. It is our belief that the reagents, as produced in this study, will be of great use in further studies of the biological role of rat leptin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.946-954
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Yongdamsagantanghaphwangryunhaedogkagam(YSHHK) which has been medicated the patient such as breast cellulitis. YSHHK did not show any cytotoxic effect on mouse lung fibroblast cells at any of the concentrations evaluated(200, 100, 50, 10, 1 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). YSHHK in RAW264.7 cell inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. YSHHK inhibited NO production significantly at the concentration of 100, 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. YSHHK inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of mice with LPS-induced acute inflammation. YSHHK increased survival rate of mice with LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia, compared to the control group, from the 3rd day onward. These results suggest that Yongdamsagantanghaphwangryunhaedogkagam(YSHHK) can be useful in treating mammary diseases caused by inflammation such as breast cellulitis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithrombotic activities of Haenggyonghonghwatang (HGHHT). Methods : Measured the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Each of the groups consisted in 8 mice, was divided into Normal, Control, and HGHHT. All of these 3 group were supplied a saline solution and after an hour the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood. Also the HGHHT group was dosed to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood as well as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. HGHHT inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. HGHHT showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. HGHHT increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro, but insignificantly as compared with the control group in vivo. HGHHT inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine(inhibitive rate 50%). HGHHT increased number of platelet, fibrinogen amount and shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : HGHHT is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.243-243
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain the relationship between initial size of pre-antral follicles (PAF) and intra-follicular oocytes (IFO) and their in vitro growth (IVG) in medium without gonadotropins (Gns) using PAF isolated from mouse ovaries mechanically. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2006

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithromb otic activities of Honghwadangguisan(HDS) Methods : Measured the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Each of the groups consisted in 8 mice, was divided into Normal, Control, and HBS. All of these 3 group were supplied a saline solution and after an hour the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood. Also the HDS group was dosed to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood as well as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. In vitro, HDS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. HDS showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. HDS reduced blood flow rate in significantly as compared with the control group. In vivo HDS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitive rate 50%). HDS increased number of platelet, fibrinogen amount and shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time significantly but reduced blood flow rate insignificantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : HDS is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.110-126
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• 2005

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithrombotic activities of Wuslsan (WSS). Methods : Measure the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Being classified one group of eight mice, each of them was divided into Normal, Control, and WSS. The normal group supplied a saline solution and the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood after an hour of administering the saline solution. Also WSS was dissolved in 2ml saline solution and then we dosed it to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood in the same way as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. WSS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. WSS showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. WSS increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro. WSS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and Epinephrine(inhibitive rate is 37.5%). WSS increased number of platelet and fibrinogen amount significantly, and shortened PT and APTT as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : WSS is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

In an attempt to develop new anti-diabetic agents, a series of aryloxypropanolamine derivatives was synthesized to serve as ${\beta}_3$ adrenoceptor agonists. Among these derivatives, 1-{1-methyl-3-[4-(2-methyl-2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]propylamino}-3-phenoxy-2-propanol (KR60886) possessed a high affinity for the ${\beta}_3$ adrenoceptor (Ki = 28 nM) and moderate affinities for ${\beta}_1$ and ${\beta}_2$ adrenoceptors (Ki = 95 nM and 100 nM, respectively). In addition, KR60886 stimulated cAMP production with an EC$_{50}$ of 0.4 ${\mu}M$, confirming its agonistic activity for the ${\beta}_3$ adrenoceptor. In vivo activities of KR60886 were examined by using a fat-fed/streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rat model and the ob/ob mouse model. Oral administration of KR60886 (10 mg/kg) for 3 days (b.i.d.) to fat-fed/STZ-treated rats significantly lowered plasma glucose levels and reduced plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Similarly, KR60886 treatment (10 mg/kg/day for 7 d) resulted in a reduction of plasma glucose concentrations in ob/ob mice. The present study suggests that KR60886 is a potent ${\beta}_3$ receptor agonist with in vivo anti-diabetic properties.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2001

Objective: To verify the expression of leptin receptor (OB-R) in oocytes and preimplantation embryos, the involvement of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK or Erk1/2) in the leptin signaling, and effect of leptin on the oocyte maturation in mice. Method: RT-PCR analysis of OB-R was conducted in germinal vesicle (GV)-intact and MII stage oocytes, and 1, 2, 8-cell embryos and blastocysts. Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB), polar body extrusion, monitored in the presence or absence of leptin ($1{\mu}M$). Following the leptin treatment, temporal changes in MAPK activity were verified by immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assay in MII oocytes. Results: The expression of OB-R mRNA was found in GV and MII oocyte but not in the embryos. MAPK activity of the MII oocytes was significantly increased by brief incubation in the HTF supplemented with leptin ($1{\mu}M$). Priming of PD098059, a MEK inhibitor to leptin treatment attenuated the activation of MAPK by leptin in MII oocytes. Following 24 hrs of culture of the GV oocytes, leptin significant increased the GVB and 1 st polar body extrusion. Conclusion: This result suggested that functional interaction between leptin and OB-R resulted in potentiation of MAPK (Erk1/2) activity in MII oocytes through MEK activation and that leptin might be a local regulator of meiotic maturation of the mouse oocytes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.860-868
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Kamibokwontonggi-san(KBTS) which has been medicated the patient such as mastitis, mammary tuberculosis. KBTS in RAW264.7 cell inhibited IL-1 ${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. KBTS inhibited NO production significantly at 100, 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. KBTS inhibited IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute anti-inflammation-induced mice and the survival rate at the 3rd day on LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. These results suggest that Kamibokwonntonggi-san (KBTS) can be useful in treating a lot of women diseases caused by inflammation such as mastitis, mammary tuberculosis, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic tuberculosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

Obesity is considered a mild inflammatory state, and the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines rises as adipose tissue expands. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interlukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), are modulated by adipose tissue and known to play an important role in insulin resistance which is the common characteristics of obesity related disorders. In this study we analyzed the effects of Sasa borealis leaves extract on inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in diet induced obese C57/BL6J mice. The obese state was induced by a high fat diet for 20 weeks and then the mice were divided into two groups; obese control group (OBC, n = 7) and experimental group (OB-SBE, n = 7). The OBC group was fed a high fat diet and the OB-SBE group was fed a high fat diet containing 5% Sasa borealis leaves extract (SBE) for 12 weeks. We also used mice fed a standard diet as a normal control (NC, n = 7). The body weight and adipose tissue weight in the OB group were significantly higher than those in the NC group. The effects of the high fat diet were reduced by SBE treatments, and the body weight and adipose tissue deposition in the OB-SBE group were significantly decreased compared to the OBC group. The OBC group showed higher serum glucose and insulin levels which resulted in a significant increase of incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and HOMA-IR than the NC group. Also, serum leptin, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the OBC group than in the NC group. In contrast, the OB-SBE group showed a reversal in the metabolic defects, including a decrease in glucose, insulin, IAUC, HOMA-IR, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and leptin levels. These results suggest that BSE can suppress increased weight gain and/or fat deposition induced by a high fat diet and theses effects are accompanied by modulation of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion resulting in improved insulin resistance.