• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2003

Tactel(Nylon66) union fabrics were woven with the specification of 70d/34f nylon as warp for sport wear jacket. Weft yarn has three types; 100% cotton yarn, nylon core-spun yarn and nylon-polyurethane covering yarn as weft. Fabric structers were plain, twill and satin weave structure with the air jet loom. The mechanical properties of 8 fabrics were measured with KES-F and primary Hand Values and Total Hand Values were calculated. The results of the study were as follows: 1) There was little difference among LTs of N/CM fabric groups. RT of the fabrics with CM100's was bigger than that of fabrics with CM80's, resulting that the fabrics with CM100's have better formability. In terms of weaving structure, twill fabrics have shape deformation. 2) In comparison of RTs with weft yarn type, RT of N-PU covering yarn was the highest, followed by Nylon core-spun yarn and cotton yarn. Thus, the fabric with N-PU covering yarn has better stability of shape deformation. 3) Stretch yarn could express an excellent silhouette formation and twill and satin structures were better structure to make curvature on human form. 4) 2HG/G value of nylon core-spun fabrics was larger than that of N/C fabrics, but the silhouette formation of N/C fabrics was excellent. 5) The RC of N/PU was the highest, followed by N/P, and N/CM. 6) Koski of N/PU fabrics was the highest, Numeri of N/PU and N/Co-I were relatively higher than the others. THVs of N/CM-IV and N/CO-II were lower than the others, resulting that, twill structure was better than plain structure for a sport wear uses.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.351-356
• /
• 1999

To develop and extend the shelf-life of vitamin C enriched fresh-cut apples using CA stored Fuji apples, dipping in 10% L-ascorbic acid and packaging with 0.03 mm LDPE, 0.04 mm PP and 0.08 mm Nylon/PE film(N$_2$displacement) were carried out. The changes of gas concentrations in the packaging and quality attributes of fresh-cut apples were examined during storage at 10$^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of O$_2$was maintained lower in Nylon/PE film than the other film, the level of O$_2$was in the range of 1∼3%. The increase of C$_2$H$_4$ concentrations in Nylon/PE film bag was more suppressed than the others. The vitamin C content of fresh-cut apples was enriched by dipping in L-ascorbic acid solution up to 241 mg$.$100 g-1 f.w., and the loss or that content was retarded differently by the package conditions of lower O$_2$level during storage. Browning in fresh-cut apples was shown after 6 days of storage in LDPE and PP film. but it was not shown by 14 days of storage in Nylon/PE film. Spoilage and off odor in fresh-cut apples were not detected up to 14 days of storage in Nylon/PE film. The results indicated that the vitamin C enriched fresh-cut apples can be processed from the long-term CA stored apples, and maintaining high quality of the products ill be possible in cases of the application of sealing packaging after O$_2$removal with film having low O$_2$permeability.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2014

In this study, Aftertreatment properties of PCM/Nylon sheath/core fabrics have been determined. Especially, the relationship between finishing property and content including of PCM ratio. Samples of PCM/Nylon fabrics were monitored, separately, with 2% o.w.f solutions of each of the berberine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC), benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride(BDHAC) and dodecyltrimetyl ammonium bromide(DTAB). Various temperatures and liquor ratio and pH conditions were also studied to optimize aftertreatment properties. Berberine chloride finished sample showed the good color fastness. Cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC) finished sample showed very effective antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.818-824
• /
• 2019

In the present work, we determined the gamma-ray attenuation characteristics of eight different polymers(Polyamide (Nylon 6) (PA-6), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidenechloride (PVDC), polyaniline (PANI), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), polypyrrole (PPy) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) using transmission geometry utilizing the high resolution HPGe detector and different radioactive sources in the energy range 81-1333 keV. The experimental linear attenuation coefficient values are compared with theoretical data (WinXCOM data). The linear attenuation coefficient of all polymers reduced quickly with the increase in energy, at the beginning, while decrease more slowly in the region from 267 keV to 835 keV. The effective atomic number of PVDC and PTFE are comparatively higher than the $Z_{eff}$ of the remaining polymers, while PA-6 possesses the lowest effective atomic number. The half value layer results showed that PTFE ($C_2F_4$, highest density) is more effective to attenuate the gamma photons. Also, the theoretical results of macroscopic effective removal cross section for fast neutrons ($\sum_{R}$) were computed to investigate the neutron attenuation characteristics. It is found that the $\sum_{R}$ values of the eight investigated polymers are close and ranged from $0.07058cm^{-1}$ for PVDC to $0.11510cm^{-1}$ for PA-6.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2011.03a
• /
• pp.93-93
• /
• 2011

스포츠웨어 바람막이용도에 사용되는 대부분의 소재는 폴리아미드계 소재이며, 국내에서는 대부분 나일론6 소재를 사용하고 있다. 최근 소비자들의 요구는 점점 경량화되고 있고 야외활동 증가와 더불어 착용감이 우수한 소재를 요구하고 있다. 이러한 시즘에 국내에서 많이 사용되는 나일론6 소재를 이용하여 직물단계에서 경량감과 스트레치성이 발현될수 있는 나일론6 경량 Mechanical 스트레치 직물 개발에 대한 연구를 진행하고자 함이다. 본 연구에서는 직물단계에서 경량감과 스트레치성이 발현될수 있는 나일론6 경량 Mechanical 직물개발을 위해 공중합 나일론6 폴리머와 일반 나일론6 폴리머를 복합방사설비를 이용하여 SIDE BY SIDE POY 26d/6f 원사를 제조한 후, Nip Belt 가연설비로 연신비, 가연 1st 히터온도, 벨트각도 조건에 따라서 제조된 4가지의 나일론6 가연사 DTY 20d/6f와 T사에서 생산되고 있는 나일론6 가연사 DTY 20d/7f를 동일한 직물설계 조건에서 위사방향으로 제직을 실시하였다. 직물설계 조건은 경사를 나일론 DTY 20d/7f, 경사밀도는 2가지, 위사밀도 2가지으로 설계하여 제직하였으며, 이렇게 제조된 직물(생지)를 일반 나일론6 염색가공 공정조건으로 전처리, 염색, 가공, 코팅 공정을 거친후, 신축성 평가를 실시하였다. 동일한 제직조건 및 염색가공 조건에서 제조된 직물의 신축성은 가연조건인 가연 연신비가 높고, 가연 1st 히터온도가 높은 조건에서 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 경사밀도가 낮은 조건이 수축이 많이 진행됨을 알 수 있었으며, 가연조건인 가연 연신비가 높고, 가연 1st 히터온도가 높은 조건에서 수축이 더 많이 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. 권축률이 높은 가연사 조건이 그만큼 수축이 많이 들어옴을 나타내는 결과로 사료되며, 위사밀도가 낮은 조건이 수축이 좀 더 많이 진행됨을 알 수 있었으며, 위사밀도가 너무 많으면 가연사끼리 상호 수축할 수 있는 정도를 감소시키는 결과로 판단된다. 전처리, 염색가공, 코팅이 완료된 최종 원단의 신축성 평가를 실시한 결과, 비교사로 제직된 최종 원단은 8~10%수준, 가연사 제조조건에 따른 제조된 4가지의 가연사의 신축성은 12~18%의 신축성을 보임을 알수 있었다. 향후, 제직설계 및 염색가공 조건의 다양화로 연구를 진행할 계획이다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1538-1546
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the in vitro fermentation characteristics and in situ degradabilities of total mixed rations fermented by the synbiotic co-cultures composed of various anaerobic microorganisms in the rumen of cow. Seventy two TMR bags (4 treatments $\times$ 6 fermentation days $\times$ 3 replications) were manufactured for in vitro and in situ experiments. The experiment was composed of four treatments including the control, the mould and bacteria synbiotics (T1), the mould and yeast synbiotics (T2) and the bacteria and yeast synbiotics (T3). Each treatment had six fermentation days (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 day) with three replications. Two rumen cannulated Holstein cows (550 ㎏ of mean body wt) were used for in situ trial, and a total of 96 nylon bags were retrieved from the rumen according to eight fermentation times (1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hr). The mean fermentation temperatures of TMRs by supplementation of anaerobic micoorganism co-cultures ranged from $22.97^{\circ}C$ to $26.07^{\circ}C$, and tended to increase steadily during the entire period. pH values of the F-TMRs ranged from 4.39 to 4.98 and tended to decrease with the extension of the fermentation period, and decreased by supplementation of synbiotics (p<0.05). The ammonia concentrations of F-TMRs were not affected by addition of synbiotic co-cultures during the early fermentation period (within 7 days), but was lowest (p<0.05) in T3 during the late fermentation periods (after 14 days). Lactic acid concentration of F-TMR was lowest in T3 at 1 day of fermentation, but was not different from treatments in the other fermentation days. Microbial growth rates of F-TMR reached a peak at 7 days of fermentation, and afterward tended to decrease. In in situ experiment, the DM disappearance rates were higher in T1 than the control during early fermentation times (within 3 hours), but was vice versa at 48 hours of fermentation (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in effective DM degradability among treatments. NDF and ADF disappearance rates in situ were similar to those of DM. From the above results, the supplementation of synbiotics, particularly the mould and bacteria synbiotics, resulted in improving the pH and concentration of lactic acid of F-TMR as parameters of fermentation compare to the control, and also had higher in situ disappearance rates of DM, NDF and ADF than the control at early fermentation time. However, effective DM degradability was not affected by supplementation of synbiotics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 1994

Effects of chemical treatments on in sacco and in vitro digestibility of barley straw by rumen fluid and pure cultures of cellulolytic bacteria were studied to evaluate the pretreatment and to improve the poor quality feed. Chemicals were applied by dissolving them in water equivalent to 40% of the weight of the straw (dry matter basis). Pretreatment with 5% NaOH yielded the largest increase in sacco digestion followed by pretreatment with 2% $(NH_4)_2SO_3$, 2.6% $NH_4OH$, 1.6% $NaHSO_3$ and untreated straw (control). In sacco dry matter digestibility of straw treated with NaOH and $(NH_4)_2SO_3$ continued to increase as the concentration of chemical increased (1 to 7.5%), as it was the in vitro dry matter loss by leaching. Treatment of barley straw with 5% NaOH enhanced significantly (p < 0.01) in vitro digestibility by rumen fluid, Fibrobacter suceinogenes and Ruminococcus albus though the fermentation products by cellulolytic bacteria were low, whereas the treatment with 5% $(NH_4)_2SO_3$ inhibited in vitro digestibility by F. succinogenes and R. albus together with lower fermentation products. Dry matter loss by leaching and bacterial digestion from barley straw treated with NaOH and $(NH_4)_2SO_3$ suggested the effect of pretreatment with these chemicals were based on leaching, and the cellulolytic bacteria had little to do with digestion.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.645-654
• /
• 1995

Porphyromonas endodontalis is a black-pigmented anaerobic Gram negative rod which is associated with endodontal infections. It has been isolated from infected dental root canals and submucous abscesses of endodontal origin. DNA probe is an available alternative, offering the direct detection of a specific microorganism. Nucleic-acid probes can be off different types: whole different: whole-genomic, cloned or oligonucleotide probes. Wholegenomic probes are the most sensitive because the entire genome is used for possible hybridization sites. However, as genetically similar species of bacteria are likely to be present in specimences, cross-reactions need to be considered. Cloned probes are isolated sequences of DNA that do not show cross-reactivity and are produced in quantity by cloning in a plasmid vector. Cloned probes can approach the sensitivity found with whole-genomic probes while avoiding known cross-reacting species. Porphyromonas endodontalis ATCC 35406 (serotype $O_1K_1$) was selected in this experiment to develop specific cloned DNA probes. EcoR I-digested genomic DNA fragments of P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 were cloned into pUC18 plasmid vector. From the E. coli transformed with the recombinant plasmid 4 clones were selected to be tested as specific DNA probes. Restriction-digested whole-genomic DNAs prepared from P. gingivalis 38(serotype a), W50(serotype b), A7A1-28(serotype C), P. intermedia 9336(serotype b), G8-9K-3(serotype C), P. endodontalis ATCC 35406(serotype $O_1K_1$), A. a Y4(serotype b), 75(serotype a), 67(serotype c), were each seperated on agarose gel electrophoresis, blotted on nylon membranes, and were hybridized with digoxigenin-dUTP labeled probe. The results were as follows: 1. Three clones of 1.6kb(probe e), 1.6kb(probe f), and 0.9kb(probe h) in size, were obtained. These clones were identified to be a part of the genomic DNA of P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 judging from their specific hybridization to the genomic DNA fragments of their own size on Southern blot. 2. The clones of 4.9kb(probe i) was identified to be a part of the genomic DNA of P. endodontalis ATCC 35406. but not to specific for itself. It was hybridized to P. gingivalis A7A1-28, P. intermedia G89K-3.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.11
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 1972

Experiments and investigations were done basically and practically for the purpose of labor saving in paddy rice cultivation especially on Homizil i.e. hoeing and herbicide, 1969. 8 concrete tanks were established on the open base of Keon Kuk University for comparison of percolation, dissolved oxygen and yield test of rice in the paddy plot of tank. The dimension of the bottom of each tank is square meter. Each of the 4 of the 8 tanks is 21cm in height and each of the remaining 4 tanks is 36cm. Each tank has a system that comprises 2 sets of tubes, each of which has 20 holes of 5mm in diameter scattered every side and is covered with nylon cloth taking water in the tank. One set consists of 4 P.V.C tubes. The first set is situated 8cm below the top of the tank and the second set is located at bottom layer inside the tank. The 4 tubes of each set are combined together and led to the glass tube which protects from inside to outside. And this inside-outside glass tube is connected to the small rubber tube. Also a glass tube is set 4cm below the top of the tank. Paddy loam was filled on sand in each of the tanks in the soil depth of either 15cm or 30cm. The depth of sand was 5cm in the soil depth of 15cm and 10cm in the soil depth of 30cm. (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). The paddy rice was grown in the tank. The percolation of water, the dissolved oxygen and the yield of rice were observed in the tank. And the dissolved oxygen was detected by Winkler method. A sandy paddy field of heavy percolation was selected at the field of the National Agricultural Material Inspection Center in Seoul. It was divided into 9 plots. These plots were given 3 treatments: (A) not hoeing, (B) hoeing one time and (C) hoeing two times. These treatments were replicated 3 times along the latin square design. The paddy rice was grown and sprayed with Stam F-34 in the all plots for the purpose of killing weeds before hoeing. The two types of paddy of field i.e. one for normal percolation and the other for ill drainage were selected at Iri Crop Experiment Station, Jeonla-Bukdo. Each field was divided into 24 plots for 8 treatments. They are: (A) not hoeing; (B) hoeing one time; (C) hoeing two times; (D) not hoeing but treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (E) hoeing one time and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (F) hoeing two times and weeding one time a], o treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (G) hoeing two times and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon, ; (H) usual manner. The labor hours and expenses needed for weeding in the paddy by hoeing were investigated in a farmer at Suwon and the price of herbicide and the yield of rice were taken out at Iri, Jeonla-Bukdo. The results obtained from the above experiments and investigations are as follows: 1. The relationship between percolation and dissolved oxygen shows that a very small amount of oxygen is detected in the soil water under 2cm below surface of earth in the paddy even when percolation is over 4.0cm per 24 hours (Tab. 1). 2. The relationship between percolation and yield of rice shows that the yield of rice increases in the percolation of 0cm and 1.5cm per 24 hours and decreases in the percolation of 2.5cm and 3.4cm in the plot of the 15cm ploughing depth and increases in the percolation of 1.4cm and 3.0cm and decreases in the percolation of 0cm and 4.0cm in the plot of 30cm ploughing depth (Tab. 1 and Fig. 5). 3. The yield of paddy weeded with Stam F-34 in the sandy field of heavy percolation in Seoul was 3.02 tons in the plot of not hoeing, 2.99 tons in hoeing one time and 3.05 tons in hoeing two times per hectare (Tab. 5). 4.1). 4. 1) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of normal percolation at Iri was 338kg in not hoeing, 379kg in hoeing one time, 383kg in hoeing two times, 413kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 433kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 399kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 420kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 418kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-1). 2) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of ill drainage at Iri was 323kg in not hoeing, 363kg in hoeing one time, 342kg in hoeing two times, 388kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 425kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 427kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 449kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 412kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-2). 5. 1) The labor hours for weeding by hoeing was 37.1 hours but 53.5 hours if hours for meal, smoking and so on are included, and the expenses including labor cost needed for weeding by hoeing in the paddy rice was 2, 346 Won per 10 ares at Suwon (Tab. 7). 2) The labor hours for weeding by spraying herbicide with hand sprayer in the paddy rice was about 5 hours per 10 ares at Suwon and the expenses for weeding by spraying herbicide in the paddy rice was 750 Won but 1130 Won if the loss by decrement of rice in the paddy field of ill drainage per 10 ares is calculated in estimation at Iri (Tab. 8). From these observations and investigations it is known that using of some kinds of herbicides Saves labor and expenses of weeding, almost without giving damages to the rice itself, in the field of normal or heavy percolation comparing usual manner of hoeing.