• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2014

This study investigated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of corn stover in three maize-planting regions in Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang Province, China. The whole stover was separated into seven morphological fractions, i.e., leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem rind, stem pith, stem node, ear husk, and corn tassel. The assessment of nutritive value of corn stover and its fractions was performed based on laboratory assays of the morphological proportions, chemical composition, and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The chemical composition of corn stover was significantly different from plant top to bottom (p<0.05). Among the whole corn stover and seven morphological fractions, leaf blade had the highest crude protein (CP) content and the lowest NDF and ADF contents (p<0.05), whereas stem rind had the lowest CP content and the highest ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents (p<0.05). Ear husk had significantly higher NDF content and relatively lower ADL content than other corn stover fractions. Overall, the effective degradability of DM, NDF, and ADF in rumen was the highest in leaf blade and stem pith, followed by ear husk. The results indicate that leaf blade, ear husk, and stem pith potentially have higher nutritive values than the other fractions of corn stover. This study provides reference data for high-efficiency use of corn stover in feeding ruminants.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2007

In this study a purified protein was prepared from pork meat. The product consisted of 0.5% moisture, 3.0% ash, 5.5% ether extract and 88.7% crude protein. Also, a meat oligopeptide mixture was prepared from a pepsin digest of the protein preparation. The two preparations were colorless and odorless powders with low fat contents. The nutritive values of the pork meat protein and oligopeptide mixture were estimated by two methods, one using biological value(BV) and the other employing net protein utilization(NPU) by the nitrogen balance method. The meat oligopeptide mixture showed an excellent nutritive value by both methods. The true digestibilites of both the pork meat protein and the oligopeptide mixture were more than 98%. The above results indicate that the oligopeptide mixture is an excellent material as a dietary nitrogen source for many purposes.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내에서 많이 재배되고 있는 청보리 품종을 논토양에 재배한 후, 생육특성, 화학적 특성, 무기물함량 및 영양수량을 검토하여 사료적 가치를 파악하고 이용에 유리한 품종을 선발하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험설계는 5품종(유연, 영양, 우호, 다미, 소만)을 3반복으로 하여 2009년 10월 21일 파종하고 이듬해 5월 21일 전 품종이 유숙기에 도달하였을 때 수확하였다. 건물수량은 영양과 다미가 높게 나타난 반면 유연이 낮은 생산량을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 일반성분에 있어서 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 품종들 간 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 조섬유 함량은 다미(36.0%)가 가장 높게, 영양 (31.4%)이 가장 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05), NDF 함량은 우호 > 다미 > 소만 > 유연 > 영양 순으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 총 무기물 함량은 영양 > 우호 > 다미 > 소만 > 유연 순으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 그리고 총 아미노산 함량은 우호 > 영양 > 소만 > 유연 > 다미 순으로 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었으나 유의적이 차이는 없었다. 영양수량에 있어서 조단백질 생산량은 우호가 가장 높게(p<0.05), 무기물, 구성아미노산, 유리당 및 TDN 수량은 영양이 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 영양과 우호 품종이 생산성 및 사료가치가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.600-607
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• 1996

벼 에서 유색미의 이용성을 검토하고자 갈색, 적색, 자색, 흑색 등의 현미색을 가진 품종들에서 몇가지 색소관련 특성 및 영양특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유색미의 색소는 종피~과피에 침적되어 있었으며, bulk로 정백시에는 백미에도 그 일부가 잔존하였다. 2. 유색미의 현미 1 g당anthocyanin함량은 갈색 및 적갈색미 1.63~17.62 $\mu\textrm{g}$, 적색미 3.56~11.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$, 자색미 28.11~401.22 $\mu\textrm{g}$, 흑색미 665.98 $\mu\textrm{g}$ 이 었다. 3. 분석된 유색미 중 DZ 78에서 단백질함량이 가장 높았다. 아미노산 조성에서는 보통미와 유색미간, 배아를 제거한 현미와 백미간에 특별한 경향이 없이 대체로 비슷하였다. 4. 유색미의 vitamin 함량을 화청벼와 비교하여 볼 때 $B_1$는 L $K_1$B-4-12-1-1과 DK 1에서 다소 증가했다. $B_2$는 L $K_1$B-2-1-1과 L $K_1$B-4-12-1-1의 배아를 제거한 현미에서 월등히 증가하였다. 5. 조사된 양이온 $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, F $e^{2+}$의 함량은 대부분 유색미에서 유의하게 증가하여 색소침적과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1374-1380
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• 2012

The changes in yields and nutritive composition of whole crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during maturation and effects of maturity stage and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were investigated under laboratory conditions. Whole crop wheat harvested at three maturation stages: flowering stage, milk stage and dough stage. Two strains of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum: LAB1, Lactobacillus parafarraqinis: LAB2) were inoculated for wheat ensiling at $1.0{\times}10^5$ colony forming units per gram of fresh forage. The results indicated that wheat had higher dry matter yields at the milk and dough stages. The highest water-soluble carbohydrates content, crude protein yields and relative feed value of wheat were obtained at the milk stage, while contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were the lowest, compared to the flowering and dough stages. Lactic acid contents of wheat silage significantly decreased with maturity. Inoculating homofermentative LAB1 markedly reduced pH values and ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) content (p<0.05) of silages at three maturity stages compared with their corresponding controls. Inoculating heterofermentative LAB2 did not significantly influence pH values, whereas it notably lowered lactic acid and $NH_3$-N content (p<0.05) and effectively improved the aerobic stability of silages. In conclusion, considering both yields and nutritive value, whole crop wheat as forage should be harvested at the milk stage. Inoculating LAB1 improved the fermentation quality, while inoculating LAB2 enhanced the aerobic stability of wheat silages at different maturity stages.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation to domestically-cultivated Italian ryegrass (IRG) on silage fermentation and in vitro ruminal fermentation. There were six treatments based on the LAB inoculants: 1) no addition of LAB (negative control: NC), additions of 2) commercially-available LAB (positive control: PC), 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), 4) L. paracasei (LPA), 5) L. acidophilus (LA), and 6) L. pentosus (LPT). All treatments were inoculated at a concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g and ensiled for 3, 7, 21, and 42 days in triplicate and analyzed for nutritive values when ensiling was terminated. Day 42 silage from all treatments were also examined for in vitro ruminal fermentation. After 42 days, LAB-inoculated silages had higher (P<0.05) lactic acid concentration compared to the NC. In terms of nutritive values, the silages treated with LPA, LA, and LPT showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein and lower (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content compared to the rest of the treatment. In vitro ruminal dry matter degradability was not affected by LAB addition. However, LAB-treated IRG had shown higher (P<0.05) ammonia-N compared with that of the NC. LPA had shown the highest (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid concentration among the LAB examined. In conclusion, the addition of a single strain of LAB appeared to produce a quality IRG silage compared with the NC and the PC. Among the strains examined, LPA seemed to be superior to the others.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1274-1280
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• 2015

This study was conducted to assess the effects of microbial and chemical combo additives on nutritive values, fermentation indices and aerobic stability of whole crop barley silage. Barley forage (Youngyang) was harvested at about 30% dry matter (DM) by treatments, chopped to 5 cm length and treated with distilled water only (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum (INO), propionic acid (PRO) or an equal mixture of INO and PRO (MIX). Barley forages were ensiled in 4 replications for 0, 2, 7, and 100 days. On 100 days of ensiling, MIX silage had higher (p<0.05) in vitro DM digestibility than CON silage, but lower (p<0.05) acid detergent fiber concentration. The pH in all treated silages was lower (p<0.05) than CON silage. The MIX silage had higher (p<0.05) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio than in CON, but lower (p<0.05) yeast count. Aerobic stability in CON, PRO, and MIX silages were higher (p<0.05) than in INO silage. It is concluded that microbial and chemical combo additives using L. plantarum and propionic acid could efficiently improve nutritive values of barley silage in terms of increased in vitro DM digestibility compared to other treatments. In addition, all treatments except CON reduced yeast count which is the initiate microorganism of aerobic spoilage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.289-292
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• 1997

A grazing trial was carried out to determine the effects of different grass/legume pastures on forage production, legume proportion, nutritive value, and animal performance. The pasture mixtures were mainly orchardgrass (OG) + ladino clover (T1), OG + alfalfa (T2), perennial ryegrass + alfalfa (T3), and grass alone mainly OG (T4). The pastures were rotationally grazed 7 times with heifers which had an initial liveweight of about 243 kg in 1991 and 1992. The average plant height at each grazing was 32.4 cm. The annual dry matter yield ranged from 9.19 MT in T4 to 9.61 MT/ha in T3, but no significant difference among different mixture combinations was found. The proportion of ladino clover in T1 mixtures rapidly increased from 21% to 68% during the grazing season. However, the proportion of alfalfa in T2 and T3 ranged from 12% to 23%. The contents of crude protein and calcium, respectively, in the forages were highest in T1 (23.2%, 0.68%) and lowest in T4 (18.5%, 0.13%), while crude fiber content showed the opposite trends. Liveweight gain was greatest on T1 (1.073 kg) and lowest on T4 (643 kg). It was concluded that pasture mixtures containing legume (ladino clover) can increase forage nutritive value and animal performance.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2001

The object of this experiment was to evaluate nutritive value of roughage which was collected by Woosung Feed Co., Ltd. in Korea in 1999-2000. Nineteen kinds of roughage(l32 samples) were collected by Woosung Feed Co., Ltd. and their chemical composition, ADF, NDF, Ca and P. were analysed. In addition, their DMD, DMI, WV and hay grades were calculated based on analysed values. The CP content of roughage was ranged from 17.35%(alfalfa hay) to 4.00%(Italian ryegrass hay), and ten kinds of roughage under six percentages were observed. The NDF content of roughage was ranged from 47.50%(sugarcane leaf) to 78.84%(orchardgrass hay), and eight kinds of roughage above seventy percentages were observed. The DMD of roughage was ranged from 66.38%(beet pulp) to 50.95%(orchardgrass hay). The WV of roughage was ranged from 60.1 l(orchardgrass hay) to 125.07(sugarcane leaf). In hay grade of roughage, the first grade was assigned to sugarcane leaf only and the third grade and fourth grade were assigned to four kinds of roughage each. Bermudagrass straw received the fifth grade, and the nine kinds of roughage received the poor grades. As shown in the above results, nineteen kinds of roughage were mostly low in crude protein contents and dry matter digestibility, but they were high in fibrous contents. Futhermore, while only one kind of roughage was evaluated as obtaining the first grade, nine kinds of roughage were evaluated as the poor grade. Hence, we know that roughage which was collected in Korea was mostly low in their quality and that there was significant difference in their feed value among those roughage(P<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to mark the hay quality for purpose of distributive circulation of roughage. (Key words : Roughages, Nutritive value, DMD. RFV. Hay grade)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2021

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume grown in Kansas, USA and its productivity with cool-season grasses however is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value of alfalfa-grass mixtures compared to those of alfalfa and grasses grown in monoculture with and without nitrogen fertilization. Three different alfalfa varieties were planted (reduced-lignin alfalfa, Roundup Ready, and conventional alfalfa) and two kinds of cool-season grasses (smooth brome, Bromus inermis Leyss, and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were planted as a monoculture or in alfalfa-grass mixtures. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied at green-up at a rate of 56 kg/ha and after the second cutting at a rate of 56 kg/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. and control treatments received no nitrogen. DMY was significantly higher in monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures than in grass monocultures. Between alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-grass mixtures, no significant differences in DMY were found. For all treatments, nitrogen application significantly increased DMY compared to the control. In 2016 and 2017, the low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had the lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the grass monocultures had the highest ADF. In 2016 and 2017, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in smooth bromegrass and tall fescue was higher than in other species treatments. A low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had significantly lower NDF concentration compared to alfalfa-grass mixtures. When averaged over 2016 and 2017, relative feed value (RFV) was highest in low-lignin alfalfa and lowest in the grass monocultures. In both years, nitrogen fertilizer application did not affect nutritive values.