• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2016

벌 화분은 꿀벌로부터 생산되며 자연으로부터 얻을 수 있는 가장 균형 잡힌 영양 식품으로 받아들여지고 있다. 역사적으로도 벌 화분은 질병치료와 에너지 보충의 목적으로 사용되어 왔다. 최근의 연구 결과에서는 벌 화분의 항산화, 항염증, 심지어 항암작용과 같은 다양한 생리활성이 과학적으로 규명되고 있다. 그러나 벌 화분은 exine이라는 외피로 둘러싸여 있어 강산이나 고압 그리고 소화효소 등에 매우 저항성이 강한 것으로 밝혀졌고, 이로 인하여 생체이용률이 낮아 영양공급과 임상적 이용에 제한을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 벌 화분의 외피를 분쇄할 수 있는 습식분쇄기술을 개발하여 벌 화분의 생리활성을 분석하고자 기획되었다. 먼저 습식분쇄를 통해 벌 화분의 외피가 효과적으로 분쇄됨을 현미경을 통해 확인하였다. 게다가 습식분쇄에 의해 벌 화분의 활성성분으로 잘 알려진 polyphenol 화합물의 양이 약 11배 증가하였고 ABTS 항산화 분석법과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 시험을 통해 항산화 효과가 증가함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 습식분쇄기술을 통해 벌 화분을 임상적 및 향장 목적으로 사용할 수 있음을 증명한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1997

녹엽단백질 조제 원료 목초중 diphenol 및 polyphenolase의 측정결과 alfalfa에는 존재 하지 않고, Italian ryegrass, red clover, sorghum 에는 존재가 확인 되었다. 이러한 목초로부터 단백질 추출은 용매를 물만으로 한것과 물에 환원제를 첨가한 것을 사용하여 갈변단백질과 갈변방지단백질을 조제하여Wistar계 숫컷 흰쥐에 14일간 급여하여 체중증가량, 소화율, PER에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 alfalfa 녹엽단백질의 경우 갈변단백질과 갈변방지단백질 간에 증체량, 소화율, PER은 차가 인정되지 않았다. Italian ryegrass 녹엽단백질의 경우 갈변단백질과 갈변방지단백질의 경우 소화율에서 유의차가 인정 되었다. 그러나, 체중증가량, PER은 차가 인정되지 않았다. red clover 녹엽단백질의 경우 갈변단백질이 소화율, 증체량, PER은 갈변단백질 보다 유의하게 저하 하였다. 이러한 것은 녹엽단백질의 영양가가 갈변반응에 의해 손상 되어 지고 원료 목초중의 diphenolase 활성이 높을수록 갈변반응에 의해 영양가의 저하가 현저하였다. 녹엽단백질의 아미노산 조성은 갈변에 의해 거의 손상 되지 않았지만, red clover 녹엽단백질의 경우 lysine, histidine 이 조금 감소 하였다. 녹엽단백질의 아미노산 손실은 갈변에 의한 것이 아닌 것으로 생각되어지고 유효성 아미노산에 대하여 금후 검토를 요하는 과제이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 현사시나무 추출물에 대한 일반성분, 무기질, 비타민, 유리당, 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량 및 HPLC을 이용하여 페놀성 화합물을 분석하였으며 DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 통하여 추출물의 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 추출물의 일반 성분 분석결과, 탄수화물, 수분, 조단백질, 회분, 조지방은 각각 88.6, 5.11, 2.5, 2.3, 1.5%로 확인되었다. 무기질 분석결과, Ca (77.5 mg/100 g), Mg (85.0 mg/100 g), Na (23.4 mg/100 g), K (907.5 mg/100 g), P (93.8 mg/100 g), Fe (1.4 mg/100 g), Zn (2.6 mg/100 g), Cu (0.6 mg/100 g), Mn (2.9 mg/100 g)을 함유하고 있었다. 비타민의 경우, vitamin C (6.1 mg/100 g), vitamin B₂ (0.3 mg/100 g), vitamin B₆ (0.01 mg/100 g), nicotinic acid (3.1 mg/100 g)가 확인되었다. 유리당 조성은 glucose 1.6%, fructose 2.2%였고 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 115.4±0.85 mg GAE/g, 20.9±1.14 mg QE/g으로 나타났다. HPLC 분석결과 catechin (9.1±0.27 mg/g), caffeic acid (4.1±0.57 mg/g), p-coumaric acid (2.1±0.47 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (1.6±0.86 mg/g), gallic acid (1.4±0.35 mg/g)가 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 현사시나무 추출물은 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성을 보였고 이는 추출물에 함유된 항산화성분에 기인한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서는 현 사시나무 추출물의 일반성분, 무기질, 비타민, 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량, 주요 페놀성 화합물 및 항산화활성을 평가하였지만 향후 현사시나무 추출물이 식품소재 또는 건강기능식품 소재로서 활용 가치를 높이기 위해서는 세포 및 동물모델에서의 바이오마커 평가 및 작용기전 연구가 추가되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1398-1407
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system. Methods: The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, carbohydrate-related spectral profiles of coffee by-products were correlated with their chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed). The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software. Results: Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included structural carbohydrate, cellulosic compounds, non-structural carbohydrates, lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, structural carbohydrate peak2, structural carbohydrate peak3, hemicellulosic compound, non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, non-structural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system. Conclusion: In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.608-619
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• 1998

The small and the large intestine of swine represent the organs that extract nutrients from feedstuffs through digestion and fermentation and that allow their absorption and incorporation into the blood circulation. Special attention is directed towards the small intestine of young pigs since the transition to a solid diet at weaning exerts major impacts on the structural and functional integrity of the small intestine. Dietary factors involved in postweaning changes of gut morphology and biochemistry such as removal of bioactive compounds in sows milk at weaning, anti-nutritional factors in weaner diets, dietary fiber and the role of voluntary feed intake will be elucidated. The microbial function of the large intestine which is carried out by a diverse population of microorganisms is dependent on substrate availability. Short chain fatty acids as main fermentation products contribute to the energy supply of the host but they are also important for the maintenance of the morphological and functional integrity of the epithelium in the colon. As a result of bacterial nitrogen assimilation in the large intestine, nitrogen is shifted from the urinary to the fecal excretion route thus saving metabolic energy to the pig because less ammonia would become available for conversion to urea.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

To investigate the differences in the quality characteristics between commercial Korean native chicken (KNC) and broiler (CB), nutritive and quality parameters of the two chicken species were determined. The KNC thigh muscle had a lower content of crude fat and higher crude ash than the CB thigh. In regards to the fatty acid composition, KNC breast muscle had a higher content of arachidonic acid (C20:4) than CB. The level of inosine was higher in the CB thigh muscle than KNC but there was little difference in other nucleotide compounds. The KNC breast had higher amounts of glycine, alanine, and proline than CB, which are closely related to high quality meat flavor. The sensory acceptance was not significantly different between the breast and thigh of KNC and CB. However, KNC had higher cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess than CB, which are indicative of a unique texture property. Based on these results, commercial KNC may have superior nutritional quality, taste, and unique texture when compared with CB. Thus, the consumer preference for KNC may be partially explained by these distinctive quality characteristics.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2020

Meghalaya, (in India), in the region of the mega-biodiversity hotspots, is home to a plethora of wild mushrooms. The present study concerns the exploration of the order Agaricales, which includes rare gilled mushrooms considered endangered under IUCN A4c criteria, due to the declining habitat. Electron microscopy of the gill sections revealed an abundance of clamp connections, hyphal cell walls, cystidia, and basidia. This rare species which belongs to the family Cyphellaceae, exhibits morphological and molecular differences from the Cyphella spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it formed a clade under the genus Campanophyllum of the order Agaricales, confirmed by both Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Being nutritionally potent along with its efficient antioxidant value, the fungal extract shows significant rise of two-fold in the antimicrobial activity along with the commercial antibiotics. The compound, Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-Dimethylethyl) (2, 4-DTBP) showed in ample range in the fungal extract along with aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpene, alcohol and volatile organic compounds on further characterization in GCMS. The present study indicates the endangered Campanophyllum proboscideum could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and an effective pharmaceutical agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1740-1746
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• 2006

Enrichment techniques led to the isolation of a Pseudomonas sp. strain P2 from municipal waste-contaminated soil sample, which could utilize different isomers of a commercial mixture of 4-nonylphenol when grown in the presence of phenol. The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sp., based on the morphological, nutritional, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The ${\beta}$-ketoadipate pathway was found to be involved in the degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas sp. strain P2. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the culture media indicated degradation of various major isomers of 4-nonylphenol in the range of 29-50%. However, the selected ion monitoring mode of analysis of biodegraded products of 4-nonylphenol indicated the absence of any aromatic compounds other than those of the isomers of 4-nonylphenol. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. strain P2 was incapable of utilizing various alkanes individually as sole carbon source, whereas the degradation of 4-nonylphenol was observed only when the test organism was induced with phenol, suggesting that the degradation of 4-nonylphenol was possibly initiated from the phenolic moiety of the molecule, but not from the alkyl side-chain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1353-1362
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• 2005

The stressful physiological and environmental conditions around weaning often promote the proliferation of pathogens in the digestive tract of piglets resulting in diarrhoea and reduced daily weight gain. Typical dietary practices to maintain growth performance and health have led to an increased use of antimicrobial growth promoters. Due to the advanced ban of antibiotics in pig production, new concepts have been developed to secure animal health and growth performance, feed efficiency, and product quality as well. Several naturally occurring compounds seem to beneficially affect the composition and activity of the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. These are, among others, organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, and enzymes. Organic acids are already widely used, especially in pigs, due to their positive effects on GIT health and growth performance. Probiotics have been shown to be effective against diarrhoea though effects may be dependent on diet composition and environmental conditions. Prebiotics may influence composition and activity of the intestinal microflora. Additionally, pre- and probiotics may exert positive influences on immune response, whereas enzymes may enhance feed digestibility by breaking down anti-nutritional factors. In the following, the focus will be directed to the role of organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, and feeding enzymes as potential modulators of GIT health.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative potential of Korean wild leaf vegetables. Antixoidative activity of chamchwi (Aster scaber), nurucchwi (Pleurospermum kamtschaticum) sumssukbujengee (Aster glheni), moshidae (Adenophora remotiflora), spinach (Spinacia oleracea)k was evaluated as a reference for commonly used synthetic antioxidant, BHA. We compared the content of $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidant vitamins, and total phenolic compound including flavonoid as non-vitamin compounds in Korean wild leaf vegetables and spinach. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, Aster scaber and Adenophora remotiflor was only 18-20% of control. TBA value of Aster glheni was 40% of control. On the basis of moles, the high level of vitamin C is the major contributor to the total antioxidant vitamin contents of Pleurospermum kamschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor were also much higher than those of spinach. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Aster glheni were much higher than those of spinach while total amount of antioxidant vitamins was significantly lower than that of spinach. These results suggest that Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor could have antioxidative potency in food. Because of the higher content of antioxidant vitamins in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor, these Korean wild leaf vegetables may have preventive effects on degenerative diseases, which have been associated with free radical mediated events.