• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.334-345
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and blood lipids according to the obesity index of middle aged men. Subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on percentage of body fat (%Fat),; normal weight (10-20% fat), overweight (20-25% fat) and obesity (over 25% fat). Nutrient intakes were evaluated based on questionnaires and 24 hour recall method and blood lipids were analyzed by blood analyzer. The results were as follows: 1) Nutrient intakes were that carbohydrate intake rate in obesity group was lower than normal group and lipids intake rate in obesity group was higher than normal group. The intake of riboflavin and folic acid were differ normal and obesity group (p < 0.05), and normal group ingested under recommended intake. 2) Total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure in obesity group were higher than normal group but the differences were not significant. The attack rate of coronary heart disease and blood glucose in obesity group is higher than normal group (p < 0.05). 3) The correlation of anthropometric measurements, blood lipid, blood glucose and blood pressure had significant results. Soft lean mass was associated BMI (p < 0.01), TC (p < 0.05), HDL (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.05) and SBP (p < 0.05). TG was associated TC (p < 0.05), HDL (p < 0.01), VLDL (p < 0.001) and Risk (p < 0.01). TC was associated LDL (p < 0.01) and Risk (p < 0.01). Blood glucose was associated TC (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.05), SBP (p < 0.05) and DBP (p < 0.05). These results suggest that reduction of body weight for the attack risk of obesity group in coronary heart disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Purpose : Obesity is a major public health burden in developed countries and a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Short sleep duration is associated with obesity, as well as diabetes, heart disease and death. In modern society, habitual sleep restrictions seem unavoidable due to social obligations and work schedules along with a tendency toward decreased sleep time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of differences in sleep time between weekdays and weekends on body mass index (BMI). Methods : This study involved 4,234 Korean adults aged 20 to 64 years based on data obtained from the 7th national health and nutrition examination survey (2016). All subjects were classified into the weekend catch-up sleep group (weekend CUS group). and the non catch-up sleep group (non-CUS group). Results : The longer the average sleep time, the lower was the BMI, and the larger the difference in sleep time between weekdays and weekends, the lower was the BMI. Compared with those with an average sleep time of 8 hours or more, obesity was 1.6-fold higher when the average sleep time was less than 6 hours, and 1.2-fold higher in the case of sleep time of 7 hours or more and less than 8 hours. When the difference in sleep time between weekdays and weekends was 0 or less, more than 0 hours but less than 1 hour, and more than 1 hour and less than 2 hours, the risk of obesity was 1.2-fold, 1.1-fold and 1.1-fold higher, respectively, compared with the risk associated with a sleep time difference of 2 hours or greater between weekdays and weekends. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Short sleep duration is positively associated with obesity. In addition, weekend catch-up sleep affects BMI.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.69-82
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• 2021

This study targeted 4,572 middle-aged women to examine the relationship between nutritional status and dietary inflammatory index according to blood glucose level using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Data were analyzed using complex survey chi-square, General Linear Model and logisitc regression in SPSS Win 25.0 program. Women with high blood glucose (normal blood sugar→diabetes) had high rates of obesity and blood TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio. On the other hand, the Mean Adequacy Ratio (10 nutrients) and the intake of anti-inflammatory foods: beans, seeds, mushrooms, and fruits, were lower in the diabetic category. When we analysed the association between blood glucose and the Dietary Inflammatory Index, the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes was significantly higher in the most pro-inflammatory diet category (Q5) compared to the most anti-inflammatory diet category (Q1). These findings suggest that nutritional education emphasizing the intake of various foods should be effectively conducted effectively in order to improve blood glucose among middle-aged women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

In a previous study, a mulberry fruit extract(MFE) supplement exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and improved serum lipid profiles in arthritic rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary MFE could ameliorate inflammatory parameters and serum lipid levels in humans. Twenty-six middle-aged subjects(mean body mass index=27 $kg/m^2$) consumed MFE(100 $m{\ell}/day)$ after lunch for 4 wks. Anthropometric measurements, serum oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile analyses were performed at baseline and then at 4 wk following the study. There were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, including BMI, WHR, and body fat composition. After the 4 wk-intervention, serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), ferric-reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), serum triglyceride(TG) and LDL-cholesterol had significantly decreased(p<0.05), whereas serum levels of HDL-cholesterol significantly(p<0.05) increased. These findings suggest the consumption of mulberry extract may be protective against inflammation and the atherosclerotic state in elderly obese men at high risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.706-715
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• 2011

This study aims to identify the dietary patterns relevant to obesity of Korean women among low income classes. Adults 20-64 years were used as study subjects from the data of 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We compared obese and normal-weight women in terms of their nutrients intake, diet quality and food patterns. Diet quality was assessed by using the Nutritional Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). Our results showed higher prevalence of obesity among lower socioeconomic status women. In men, there were no significant associations with socioeconomic status and prevalence of obesity. Higher risk of nutritional inadequacy was observed among obese women compared to normal weight women. Obese women showed significantly lower INQ for nutrients such as Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Vitamin C compared to other women. They consumed significantly higher amount of rice (p < 0.05) and lower amount of vegetables (p < 0.01). By contrast, obese men from low income classes showed higher intake of those nutrients. Obese men also consumed significantly higher amount of meats than normal weight men. Therefore, this study suggests that gender-specific approaches based on economic situation should be considered in developing the intervention program for managing obesity for low income classes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.200-202
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• 1999

The effectsof garlic vinegar supplementation on body weight, blood blucose, and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were investigated in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats fed high-cholesterol(1%) diet for 4 wk. The garlic vinegar was made by fermenting 20% frsh garlic juice. There was no effect of garlic vinegar on body weight, plasma glucose or triglyceride concentrations in the diabetic rats. Plasma total -cholesterol concentrations were unaffected by garlic vinegarr supplementation. However, plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the diabetic rats supplemented with garlic vinegar diet than tin the cotnrol rats. The diabetic-rats supplemented with garlic vinegar not only had increased HDL-cholesterol levels but had decreased LDL-cholesterol. This alteration in the HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio in the diabetic rats may decrease the risk of atheroscelrosis. Therefore, the over-all effect of garlic vinegar supplement may contribute to the antiatherogenic role in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among urn leptin, nutritional status, and urn lipids, glucose of 99 middle school girls residing in Kyluggi-do, Korea. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups such as underweight(BMI < 20, n=38), normal(20$\leq$BMI<25, n=36) and over weight(BMI$\geq$25, n=25) groups. The nutritional status of the subjects was evaluated by anthropometric measurements, questionnaires, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood anal),sis. The results were as follows : The mean age, body weight, height and BMI were 13.93 years, 55.19kg, 158.40cm and 21.96kg/㎡ respectively. The mean menarche age of the subjects was 12.64 years and the mean daily energy intake was 94.22% off RDA for Koreans. The energy ratio from carbohydrate fat and protein was 63: 24: 13. Underweight group showed the lowest intakes of oils and fats among three groups(p<0.05). The mean serum levels of leptin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 10.57ng/ml 78.80mg/dl, 12.29mg/dl, 48.07mg/dl, 93.50mg/dl and 78.61mg/d1, respectively. The mean atherogenic index was 2.37. There were significant increases in serum leptin, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index of subjects with increases in their BMIs. Serum leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with BMI(p<0.001), body fat percent(p<0.001). When BMI was adjused, serum leptin showed a significantly positive partial correlations with intakes of animal protein(p<0.05), milks and animal foods(p<0.05), Serum leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with serum glucose(p<0.05) total cholesterol(p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol(p<0.001), triglyceride(p<0.001) and atherogenic index(p<0.001), however, it had significantly negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that the increase of serum levels of leptin may elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and lipids and some nutrient intakes may be related with serum leptin levels. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 49-58, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.120-140
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether adherence to the Korea Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) was associated with metabolic syndrome and risk markers. Methods: The participants included 8,345 adults, aged 20-59 years, who took part in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The data were analyzed using a complex-sample t-test, the Rao Scott χ²-test, and logistic regression analysis on the SPSS v. 26.0 software. The participants were divided into four groups by quartiles of KHEI scores. Results: The average KHEI score was 61.06 points out of 100, and the women's score (62.50 points) was significantly higher than that of men (59.63 points). The KHEI quartiles status showed significant differences by age (p < 0.001), household income (p < 0.001), smoking status (p < 0.001), and food security. Specifically, the KHEI quartiles in the men showed significant differences in education (p < 0.001) and economic activity (p < 0.001) whereas those of women showed significant differences in alcohol-consumption (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.01) and eating-out (p < 0.001). As the KHEI scores increased, the proportion of subjects with an energy intake below the estimated energy requirement (EER) was lower, and significantly better levels of intake were observed for carbohydrate, protein, vitamin C, calcium, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, and niacin. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome risk factors, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia for men and hypertension, and hyperglycemia for women showed significant differences. The KHEI scores were inversely associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that higher adherence to the KHEI was associated with lower metabolic syndrome risk factors and incidence of the metabolic syndrome.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-241
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine effects of sarcopenic obesity on metabolic syndrome in Korean elders. Methods: This study is based on the analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) with 1,155 subjects (524 men, and 631 women) aged 60 or older, from 2008 to 2011. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), divided by weight (%) of <1 SD (standard deviation) below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Obesity was defined as a total body fat percent (men${\geq}$25%, women${\geq}$35%). Results: The prevalence of SO (sarcopenic obesity) was 13.3% among men and 22.5% among women. Both sexes showed a higher total body fat percent, and the SMI (skeletal muscle index) was the lowest in the SO group. Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in the SO group (52.5% men, 60.4% women). The SO group showed a higher risk for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio men 6.57 [95% CI 5.19~7.27], women 3.89 [95% CI 2.41~6.29]) than the obese group (men 3.14 [95% CI 1.76~4.14], women 2.54 [95% CI 1.38~4.65]). Conclusion: SO is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Korean elders. Therefore, a nursing program should be given to the Korean elderly SO group to prevent metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 1994

This study was performed to study the effects of dietary factors on breast and cervical cancer incidence in female Koreans. The subjects were 60 breast and 109 cervical cancer patients recruited from five general hospitals in Seoul. Food intake, anthropometric measurement, and blood compositions were studied through personal interview and using medical records, from August 1991 to September 1992. Body weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness and body muscle mass were at upper limit of normal value, which suggest that these patients had a tendency of overweight. The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit of the patients were below the normal values. The values of serum protein, albumin, and calcium were in the normal range but close to the lower bound. Therefore the nutritional status assessed by blood composition seems to be marginal. The results of diet history showed that most of the nutrient intake of the subjects met with RDA. The fat intake were 22.9-36.9g/day which supplies about 15-16% of total calories. The results of this study do not agree with those reports of western societies which showed the positive correlation between calorie and fat intake and the incidence of breast and cervical cancer. Even through the calories and fat intake of the subjects were not high, it was higher than national average, especially in breast cancer patients. From this study, dietary factors does not seem to be a major risk factor in cancer incidence in Korea. However, the tendency of the increasing consumption of fat could be a contributing risk factor together with overweight.