• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate a natural medicinal multi-plants extract (BG515), which consisted of multi extracts of Mori folium, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz, Dioscorea japonica, Lycii fructus, and Astragalus radix, on blood glucose, insulin levels, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) induces a type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Type 1 is usually characterized by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICA), autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), and autoantiboides to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which identify the autoimmune process that leads to $\beta-cell$ destruction. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing $150\sim170g$ each (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into one control (Group A) and 4 STZ-induced diabetic groups, and were subjected to one of the following treatment for 12 weeks. Groups A and B were fed basal diets and Group C, D, and E received the same diets as groups A and B, but with supplements of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of BG515 orally for 12 weeks, respectively. Diabetes was induced in Groups B, C, D, and E by intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg of STZ per body weight in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.5) via the tail vein. In the BG515 groups, we found increases in serum insulin levels, compared to the STZ-control group, but these data were not significant. In contrast, blood glucose and serum MDA concentrations decreased in the BG515 groups compare to the STZ-control group. At the 5th week, in all the BG515 administered groups, there were decreases in serum blood glucose levels compared to the STZ- control group, and this activity was very strong in the BG515-1 group at the 12th week. These results suggest that natural bio-complex compounds (BG515) may slightly suppress STZ-induced changes in serum MDA concentration via the maintenance of serum insulin levels, due to the prevention of $\beta-cell$ and glucagon destruction by STZ.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.445-451
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• 2016

This study demonstrated the immunological effects of methanol extracts from Doenjang added with wild plants (Pteridium aquilinum and Aster scaber) on bone-marrow derived macrophages and mouse splenocytes. Doenjang (DJ) and wild plant added Doenjang (WPDJ) extracts were treated to bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and splenocytes, and cell proliferation and cytokine production were measured. Cell proliferation of BMDM and splenocytes was more highly elevated in the WPDJ-treated group compared to the DJ-treated group. Cytokine [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-10, and IL-12] production in BMDM also significantly increased in the WPDJ-treated group. Similarly, in the case of cytokine production in splenocytes, WPDJ treatment highly increased production of Th 1 type cytokines [interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and IL-2] but did not affect production of Th 2 type cytokines (IL-4). These results suggest that wild plants could improve the immunomodulatory activity of Doenjang and may be effective for the development Doenjang.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

In this study, the optimal fermenting conditions of sugar extracts of Artemisia annua L. (Aa), Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Hc), and Saururus chinensis Baill (Sc) were determined to develop fermented beverages. The sugar extracts ($50{\pm}5^{\circ}Bx$) were diluted to 10, 15, and $20^{\circ}Bx$, and fermented with 2% (v/v) of Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 ($5{\times}10^9CFU/mL$) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. According to the lactic acid bacteria population, pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugar content, $20^{\circ}Bx$ for Aa, $10^{\circ}Bx$ for Hc and $15^{\circ}Bx$ for Sc were the maximum concentrations for the fermentation. There were no changes in total polyphenol content in the extracts of Aa, Hc, and Sc, whereas the radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were increased during the fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation resulted in improvement of sensory evaluation scores on unfavorable plant taste and overall acceptability of the sugar extracts of medicinal plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activities of medicinal plants. Through the examination of methanol extracts from 30 species for radical scavenging effects using DPPH method, the extracts from Rhus javanica Linne, Smilax china Linne and Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold et Zucarinii showed strong antioxidative activity. Because of its highest antioxidative activity among 30 medicinal plants, radical scavenging effects of 4 different extract compartments (n- Hexane, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_2O$ extracts) from Galla Rhois MeOH extract of Rhus javanica Linne were examined by DPPH method and antioxidant effects on the 4 different extract compartments were tested by Ferric-Thiocyanate method. Antioxidative activities of n- Hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extracts were similar or even higher than that of natural (tocopherol) or synthetic antioxidants (BHA), suggesting that major fractions for the antioxidative activity of Rhus javanica Linne were the n- Hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.540-551
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried leaf powders and ethanol extracts of Perilla frutescens(perilla leaf), Artemisia princeps var. orientalis(mugwort) and Aster scaber(chamchui) on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 105.9$\pm$1.7g were blocked into seven groups according to body weigth and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5% dried powders of perilla leaf, mugwort and chamchui, or ethanol extracts from the same amount of each dried leaf powder. Food intake was higher in the control and chamchui powder groups than the other remaining groups. Weight gain was not significantly different among all experimental groups. Food efficiency ratio was highest in the perilla leaf powder group. Plasma total lipid and cholesterol, liver total lipid and triglyceride levels were highest in the perilla leaf powder group. In contrast, dried powders of mugwort and chamchui showed hypolipidemic effects in plasma and liver. Plasma and liver TBARS levels in both dried powder and ethanol extract groups of the three plants were lower than control. There was also no significant difference between corresponding dried powder and ethanol extract groups. Catalas and GSH-Px activities in erythrocyte and liver were not different among all the experimental groups. However, SOD activities were significantly different among the esperimental groups. In erythrocyte. SOD activiteis of all dried powder and ethanol extract groups except the perilla leaf powder group were higher than control, and the chamchui power group showed the highest activity among them. In liver, all the plant groups showed higher SOD activities than control. There was no significant difference between corresponding dried powder and ethanol extract groups. In conclusion, the dried chamchui powder and liver. All the dried plant powder and ethanol extract were effective in decreasing the TBARS levels of liver and particularly plasma. Among the antiocidative enzymes, SOD activity was most responsive to the experimental diets. All the plant groups showed increases in liver SOD activities and there were more increments in dried powder groups. Since the effects of dried powder groups on lipid metabolism were better than those of extract groups, it is plausible that the high dietary fiber level in dried powders was effective. Antioxidative effects were not significantly different between corresponding dried power and extract groups, and it was thought that ethanol extracts from three plants also had similar antioxidative effects as dried powderers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2007

Apricot Kernel, consumed as herbal medicine, contains amygdalin which generate HCN upon hydrolysis. Dyspnea was reported by ingesting large amount of apricot kernel, and neurological disorders such as tropic ataxic neuropathy or konzo were known as chronic toxicity of amygdalin. Other cyanogen containing plants, including flaxseed and almond, are consumed as food around the world. Moreover, some of them are promoted as functional food, leading to higher consumption, and posing health risk by cyanogenic components. The objective of this study was to find a method for the reduction of the cyanogenic compound, using apricot kernel as a model food. The most effective reduction was obtained by boiling the slices of the kernel for one hour in pH 1 HCl solution, showing 90% removal. However, the common process known to reduce the cyanogen contents, i.e., long incubation at the low temperature, did not show significant change in cyan concentration. Our data contribute to the safety of the plants containing cyanogenic compounds if they were to be developed as foodstuff.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2007

For this study, plant material for development of phytobiotics (feed additives made with plant extract) was screened. Among hot-water extracts of 9 medicinal plants, Fallopia japonin showed the highest antioxidative activity; the electron donating ability (EDA) and nitrite scavenging ability were 86.9% and 92.7%, respectively. Also, F. japonica had the antimicrobial activity for Pseudomonas aeruginora, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphyzococcus aureus. Specially, antimicrobial activity of F. japonica against K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus was vet strong. $IC_{50}$ of F. japonica against K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus was 6.24 mg/mL and 1.8 mg/mL respectively. These results suggested that F. japonica was a candidate for a phytobiotic material.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to show a reform measures by grouping for problems by the survey of TMR plants. Twenty total mixed ration (TMR) plants (10 cooperation and 10 private plants) were surveyed, of which 13 plants, 65% of total TMR plants, committed TMR formulae to a outside nutrition specialist (TMR formulator). With respect to consulting fee for TMR formulae, $500{\sim}900$ thousands Won was paid monthly. On the basis of dry matter 1kg, the prices of TMR products were $325.6{\sim}347.0$Won, whereas those of wet TMR products $365.7{\sim}375.0$Won, which was appeared to be factors to increase management cost. And also, because the TMR plants did not provide TDN (total digestible nutrient) value on their products, nutritional balance feeding for cows could not be managed in farms. It was calculated, based on ADF (acid detergent fiber) value, that TDN value in dry type TMR was 63.0% and 73.2% fur private and cooperation TMR plants, respectively and that the corresponding figure in wet type TMR was 64.9% and 67.2%. According to TMR plant employee's opinion, a prier items to enlarge TMR utilization were TMR education, TMR advertisement, and improvement of ability to make TMR formula. Therefore, for the purpose of further development of TMR, special education of persons related to TMR should be supported.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

The cost of conventional cultivation of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is very expensive, because shadow condition should be maintained during cultivation periods owing to inherently weak plant for high-temperature. Therefore, application of plant biotechnology may be possible to overcome these difficulties caused by conventional breeding of ginseng. Transgenic plants were produced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gv3101, both carrying the binary plasmid pBI121 mLPISO with nptII and Iso (isoprene synthase) gene. Integration of the transgenes into the P. ginseng nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using nptII primers and Iso primers. RT-PCR result also demonstrated the foreign isoprene synthase gene in three transgenic plant lines (T1, T3, and T5) which was expressed at the transcriptional level. When whole plants of transgenic ginseng were exposed to high temperature at $46^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, a non-transformed plant was wilted from heat shock, whereas a transgenic plant appeared to remain healthy. We suggest that the introduction of exogenous isoprene synthase is considered as alternative methods far generating thermotolerance ginseng.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.353-361
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• 2007

This study searched the medical thought of Cheon Sun Eui (全循義). The relavance of his writings with the modern Korean Traditional Medicine, the science of food and nutrition, and the living science. His medical philosophy which was expressed in SikRyoChanYo(食療贊要), SanGaYoGok(山家要錄), ChimGuTaeKIlPeonJip(鍼灸澤日編集), etc., was investigated. The purpose of SikRyoChanYo(食療贊要) was to describe the food therapeutics before using drugs for treatment of diseases and stress the prevention of illness using foods. Second, he mentioned the science of breeding of plants and the method of food storage in his writing, SanGaYoGok(山家要錄). In this writings, the method of preparing and processing foods, storage of foods, fermentation of foods, the science of breeding of plants, etc., was mentioned. So, he could be called as a scientist. Also, he stressed the importance of food in maintaining health and curing illness in this book. Third, he wrote the good and bad luck of time and the day of getting away from the bad luck when the acupuncture and moxibustion was performed. In ChimGuTaeKIlPeonJip(鍼灸澤日編集), he reflected together the energy changes of nature and body in performing therapeutics.