• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 중학교 2학년 기술 가정 교과 내 '식단과 식품 선택'과 '식사 준비와 예절' 단원의 교육내용을 표/그림/사진, 읽기 자료, 활동자료로 나누어 살펴보고, 내용분석을 통해 추출된 체험 중심 항목을 식생활 단원을 모두 이수한 중학교 3학년 학생들을 대상으로 실천정도를 알아보고자 하였다. '식단과 식품의 선택' 단원과 '식사준비와 예절' 단원은 대체로 활동자료를 통해 가정생활에서의 실천적이고 체험적인 측면이 강조되고 있었으며, 표/그림/사진과 읽기자료가 직접적으로 학생들의 체험을 제공하지는 않지만 다양한 활동과 문제 해결이 가능할 수 있도록 개념을 설명하고 있었다. 체험 중심 학습 내용 중 학생들의 실천도가 높은 항목은 '식사예절 지키기'(3.24), '식품 구매시 영양표시, 유통기한, 원산지 등을 반드시 확인하기'(3.18) 순이었으며, 실천도가 낮은 항목은 '음식 만들어보기'와 '균형 잡힌 식단 작성하기' 문항으로 나타났다. 이는 수업 시간 내 직접 체험할 수 있는 활동자료를 제시한 항목에서 학생들의 실천도가 높은 것과 관련이 있었다. 따라서 기술 가정교과 내 식생활 단원에 대한 학생들의 관심도를 높일 수 있도록 강의중심의 수업보다는 다양한 교육매체 및 교수학습방법을 개발하여 학생들의 적극적인 참여를 유도할 수 있는 수업이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develope, based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. a set of standardized nursing interventions which had been validated. and their associated activities. for use with nursing diagnoses related to home health care for women who have had a caesarian delivery and for their newborn babies. This descriptive study for instrument development had three phases: first. selection of nursing diagnoses. second, validation of the preliminary home health care interventions. and third, application of the home care interventions. In the first phases, diagnoses from 30 nursing records of clients of the home health care agency at P. medical center who were seen between April 21 and July 30. 1998. and from 5 textbooks were examined. Ten nursing diagnoses were selected through a comparison with the NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) classification In the second phase. using the selected diagnoses. the nursing interventions were defined from the diagnoses-intervention linkage lists along with associated activities for each intervention list in NIC. To develope the preliminary interventions five-rounds of expertise tests were done. During the first four rounds. 5 experts in clinical nursing participated. and for the final content validity test of the preliminary interventions. 13 experts participated using the Fehring's Delphi technique. The expert group evaluated and defined the set of preliminary nursing interventions. In the third phases, clinical tests were held at in a home health care setting with two home health care nurses using the preliminary intervention list as a questionnaire. Thirty clients referred to the home health care agency at P. medical center between October 1998 and March 1999 were the subjects for this phase. Each of the activities were tested using dichotomous question method. The results of the study are as follows: 1. For the ten nursing diagnoses. 63 appropriate interventions were selected from 369 diagnoses interventions links in NlC., and from 1.465 associated nursing activities. From the 63 interventions. the nurses expert group developed 18 interventions and 258 activities as the preliminary intervention list through a five-round validity test 2. For the fifth content validity test using Fehring's model for determining lCV (Intervention Content Validity), a five point Likert scale was used with values converted to weights as follows: 1=0.0. 2=0.25. 3=0.50. 4=0.75. 5=1.0. Activities of less than O.50 were to be deleted. The range of ICV scores for the nursing diagnoses was 0.95-0.66. for the nursing interventions. 0.98-0.77 and for the nursing activities, 0.95-0.85. By Fehring's method. all of these were included in the preliminary intervention list. 3. Using a questionnaire format for the preliminary intervention list. clinical application tests were done. To define nursing diagnoses. home health care nurses applied each nursing diagnoses to every client. and it was found that 13 were most frequently used of 400 times diagnoses were used. Therefore. 13 nursing diagnoses were defined as validated nursing diagnoses. Ten were the same as from the nursing records and textbooks and three were new from the clinical application. The final list included 'Anxiety', 'Aspiration. risk for'. 'Infant behavior, potential for enhanced, organized'. 'Infant feeding pattern. ineffective'. 'Infection'. 'Knowledge deficit'. 'Nutrition, less than body requirements. altered', 'Pain'. 'Parenting'. 'Skin integrity. risk for. impared' and 'Risk for activity intolerance'. 'Self-esteem disturbance', 'Sleep pattern disturbance' 4. In all. there were 19 interventions. 18 preliminary nursing interventions and one more intervention added from the clinical setting. 'Body image enhancement'. For 265 associated nursing activities. clinical application tests were also done. The intervention rate of 19 interventions was from 81.6% to 100%, so all 19 interventions were in c1uded in the validated intervention set. From the 265 nursing activities. 261(98.5%) were accepted and four activities were deleted. those with an implimentation rate of less than 50%. 5. In conclusion. 13 diagnoses. 19 interventions and 261 activities were validated for the final validated nursing intervention set.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 서울시 전제 25개 구를 대상으로 축산물(식육)을 판매하는 영업소를 대형 중형 소형영업소로 구분하여 축산물의 항목 표시 실태 및 위생상태를 점검 파악하기 위하여, 축산물(식육) 판매업소의 위생적 관리와 표시규정의 준수 여부를 중심으로 분석하였다. 서울시 25개 구를 각 구별로 비교 분석하기 위해, 1개 구마다 12개의 영업장을 조사대상으로 선정하여, 총 300개의 영업장을 조사하였고, 또한 이들 25개 구를 서울시 강남지역과 강북지역으로 구분하여 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 영업소의 규모는 대규모의 할인점이나 백화점, 대형 도매점 등의 300평 이상의 대규모 영업소가 16%였고, 중간 규모의 100-300평 사이의 중형영업소가 18%로 나타났다. 100평 이하의 소형 영업소는 66%로 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 표시여부에 관한 규정의 준수는 비포장육과 포장육 모두 대체적으로. 잘 이루어지고 있었으나, 비포장육의 등급별 용도표시 항목과 포장육의 조리방법 표시, 보관방법의 표시 항목은 아직 일부 영업자에게 그 필요성이 인식되지 않고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 표시여부에 관한 규정의 준수와는 달리 위생과 관련한 항목에서는 저조한 적합률을 나타내었다. 특히 작업 중과 작업 완료 후의 위생적 조치는 여러 지역에서 잘 이루어지지 않고 있었다. 칼, 칼갈이, 도마 등의 기구류나 기계류가 상온에 그대로 방치되는 경우가 많았으며 위생에 관련한 복장 상태 역시 대부분의 구에서 잘 지켜지지 않고 있었다. 관련 항목의 전반적인 적합률이 매우 낮은 것을 보았을 때 복장에서 유발될 수 있는 식육의 오염에 대한 개념이 많이 부족한 것을 알 수 있었다. 식육의 보관 온도에 관한 규정 준수 또한 문제점이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 냉장육과 냉동육의 정확한 보관온도를 대부분의 영업자나 종업원들은 알지 못하는 경우가 많았다. 또한, 냉장육의 냉장보관의 경우에는 대체로 잘 지켜지고 있지만, 냉동육의 경우 냉동보관은 잘 지켜지고 있지 않는 사례가 많아 영업자에게 식육의 보관에 대한 적절한 교육과 홍보가 절실히 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 서울시의 각 구별 축산물(식육)판매업소의 실태를 조사하는 과정에서 중 소형 영업소의 영업자나 종업인은 축산물 판매에 필요한 정보를 표지판에 기재하여 소비자에게 알리기 보다는 구두로 설명하는 경우가 많았다. 농림부 등 관계 당국에서는 식육에 대한 지식이 부족한 소비자에게 그 정보를 정확히 전달하지 않는 축산물 판매업소의 영업자나 종업원은 법을 위반하고 있는 것이라는 교육 및 홍보가 절실히 필요하다고 사료된다. 위의 결과로 볼 때 식품안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 식품위생과 안전성, 식품표시에 대한 홍보와 교육이 지속적으로 이루어져 소비자들의 식품안전에 대한 인식과 신뢰도를 높여야 하며 또한, 축산물(식육) 판매업소의 위생상태에 관련하여 부적합한 대부분의 영업소의 영업자나 종업인의 식육에 대한 위생교육 또한 시급한 문제임을 본 연구를 통해 알 수 있었다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
• /
• 제6권
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a basic framework and criteria for evaluation of quality care provided to patients with the attributes of disease in the home care nursing field, and to provide measurement tools for home health care in the future. The study design was a developmental study for evaluation of hospital-based HCN(home care nursing) in Korea. The study process was as follows: a home care nursing study team of College of Nursing. Yonsei University reviewed the nursing records of 47 patients who were enrolled at Yonsei University Medical Center Home Care Center in March, 1995. Twenty-five patients were insured at that time, were selected from 47 patients receiving home care service for study feasibility with six disease groups; Caesarean Section (C/S), simple nephrectomy, Liver cirrhosis(LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), Lung cancer or cerebrovascular accident(CVA). In this study, the following items were selected : First step : Preliminary study 1. Criteria and items were selected on the basis of related literature on each disease area. 2. Items were identified by home care nurses. 3. A physician in charge reviewed the criteria and content of selected items. 4. Items were revised through preliminary study offered to both HCN patients and discharged patients from the home care center. Second step : Pretest 1. To verify the content of the items, a pretest was conducted with 18 patients of which there were three patients in each of the six selected disease groups. Third step : Test of reliability and validity of tools 1. Using the collected data from 25 patients with either cis, Simple nephrectomy, LC, COPD, Lung cancer, or CVA. the final items were revised through a panel discussion among experts in medical care who were researchers, doctors, or nurses. 2. Reliability and validity of the completed tool were verified with both inpatients and HCN patients in each of field for researches. The study results are as follows: 1. Standard for discharge with HCN referral The referral standard for home care, which included criteria for discharge with HCN referral and criteria leaving the hospital were established. These were developed through content analysis from the results of an open-ended questionnaire to related doctors concerning characteristic for discharge with HCN referral for each of the disease groups. The final criteria was decided by discussion among the researchers. 2. Instrument for measurement of health statusPatient health status was measured pre and post home care by direct observation and interview with an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 61 items based on Gorden's nursing diagnosis classification. These included seven items on health knowledge and health management, eight items on nutrition and metabolism, three items on elimination, five items on activity and exercise, seven items on perception and cognition, three items on sleep and rest, three items on self-perception, three items on role and interpersonal relations, five items on sexuality and reproduction, five items on coping and stress, four items on value and religion, three items on family. and three items on facilities and environment. 3. Instrument for measurement of self-care The instrument for self-care measurement was classified with scales according to the attributes of the disease. Each scale measured understanding level and practice level by a Yes or No scale. Understanding level was measured by interview but practice level was measured by both observation and interview. Items for self-care measurement included 14 for patients with a CVA, five for women who had a cis, ten for patients with lung cancer, 12 for patients with COPD, five for patients with a simple nephrectomy, and 11 for patients with LC. 4. Record for follow-up management This included (1) OPD visit sheet, (2) ER visit form, (3) complications problem form, (4) readmission sheet. and (5) visit note for others medical centers which included visit date, reason for visit, patient name, caregivers, sex, age, time and cost required for visit, and traffic expenses, that is, there were open-end items that investigated OPD visits, emergency room visits, the problem and solution of complications, readmissions and visits to other medical institution to measure health problems and expenditures during the follow up period. 5. Instrument to measure patients satisfaction The satisfaction measurement instrument by Reisseer(1975) was referred to for the development of a tool to measure patient home care satisfaction. The instrument was an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 11 domains; treatment, nursing care, information, time consumption, accessibility, rapidity, treatment skill, service relevance, attitude, satisfaction factors, dissatisfaction factors, overall satisfaction about nursing care, and others. In conclusion, Five evaluation instruments were developed for home care nursing. These were (1)standard for discharge with HCN referral. (2)instrument for measurement of health status, (3)instrument for measurement of self-care. (4)record for follow-up management, and (5)instrument to measure patient satisfaction. Also, the five instruments can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the service to assure quality. Further research is needed to increase the reliability and validity of instrument through a community-based HCN evaluation.