• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.349-366
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• 2007

Seasonal variations of various physicochemical components (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, COD, DOC, nutrients-silicate, DIN, DIP) and potential limiting factor for phytoplankton primary production were studied in the surface water of semi-enclosed Masan Bay. Seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations, with lower values in summer and winter, and higher in fall, are probably controlled by freshwater loadings to the bay, benthic flux and magnitude of occurrence of phytoplankton communities. Their spatial distributional patterns are primarily dependent on physical mixing process between freshwater and coastal seawater, which result in a decreasing spatial gradient from inner to outer part of the bay. In the fall season of strong wave action, the major part of nutrient inputs (silicate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic phosphorus) comes from regeneration (benthic flux) at sediment-water interface. During the summer period, high Si:DIN and Si:DIP and low DIN:DIP relative to Redfield ratios suggest a N- and secondarily P-deficiency. During other seasons, however, silicate is the potential limiting factor for primary production, although the Si-deficiency is less pronounced in the outer region of the bay. Indeed, phytoplankton communities in Masan Bay are largely affected by the seasonal variability of limiting nutrients. On the other hand, the severe depletion of DIN (relatively higher silicate level) during summer with high freshwater discharge probably can be explained by N-uptake of temporary nanoflagellate blooms, which responds rapidly to pulsed nutrient loading events. In Masan Bay, this rapid nutrient consumption is considerably important as it can modify the phytoplankton community structures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2019

In the present study, the optimization of poly(${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) (${\gamma}$-PGA) production by Bacillus sp. FBL-2 was studied using a statistical approach. One-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the effect of carbon sources and nitrogen sources on ${\gamma}$-PGA production and was utilized to select the most significant nutrients affecting the yield of ${\gamma}$-PGA. After identifying effective nutrients, response surface methodology with central composite design (CCD) was used to obtain a mathematical model to identify the optimum concentrations of the key nutrients (sucrose, $\text\tiny{L}$-glutamic acid, yeast extract, and citric acid) for improvement of ${\gamma}$-PGA production. The optimum amount of significant medium components appeared to be sucrose 51.73 g/l, $\text\tiny{L}$-glutamic acid 105.30 g/l, yeast extract 13.25 g/l, and citric acid 10.04 g/l. The optimized medium was validated experimentally, and ${\gamma}$-PGA production increased significantly from 3.59 g/l (0.33 g/l/h) to 44.04 g/l (3.67 g/l/h) when strain FBL-2 was cultivated under the optimal medium developed by the statistical approach, as compared to non-optimized medium.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1973

The main character of the Korean diet has been found to be low in protein both quantity and quality and high in carbohydrate. The purpose of this survey was to study the amount of salt intake related to the dietary pattern in Korea. The nutrition survey was conducted in a mountainous farming area located in Auhchun-ri, Gaebuk-myon, Changsoo-gun, Chunbuk Province, February 14-19 in 1973 (7 days). The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrients intake for 24 households during a three day period. The physical examinations were performed by a doctor on 120 persons and a detailed biochemical test on both blood and urine was made on 42 persons over 40 years old. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Average nutrients intake of an adult per day: calorie intake was 2,446 Cal and its components-protein(61.1g) was 10 percent, fat(12.9g) was 5 percent and carbohydrate(521g) contributed 85 percent of the total calories. Other nutrients-calcium (443mg), thiamine(1.09mg), riboflavin (0.90mg), niacin (14.4mg) and vitamin C (63.2mg) were lower than the recommended daily allowance but vitamin A(2,083 I.U.), iron(11mg) and phosphorous(998mg) were slightly higher than that. (2) To evaluate the nutritional deficiences, clinical examinations were conducted. Angular stomatitis was present in 16.7 percent of those examiners. No edema was found. The rate of osteoarthritis, hepatomegaly diseases appeared in 20 percent of the total subjects and the symptoms appeared highest among those Iron 50 to 59 years old. (3) The following chemical components of blood serum were analyzed and found to be within the normal range: glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and lecithine dehydrase. One case of each of the following were found: hyperglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, renal problem, hypoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus, and two persons were classified as showing hypoglycemia and hyponaturemia. (4) The sodium content in urine was 199.6 mEq/L, potassium content was 24.6 mEq/L. The sugar, pH and specific gravity in the urine was shown to be normal.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.554-566
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• 2018

The rice husk contains nutrients which can be easily utilized by microorganisms, and also has a water retaining ability, which played a crucial part in enabling it to become a biofilter media. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of rice husk pellet bio-scrubber as a microbiological carrier. The pelletization experiment of rice husk as a biological media was performed using PVA and EVA binder. Also, the feasibility tests of rice husk as a biological media for odor removal were carried out in order to know whether rice-husk contains useful components as a media for microbiological growth or not. Lastly, a combined test for odor gas absorption and biological oxidation was conducted using a lab scale bio-filter set-up packed with rice-husk pellets as wet-scrubber. The major components of the rice husk were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, while carbon acted as the main ingredient which comprised up to 23.00%. The C : N : P ratio was calculated as 45 : 1 : 2. Oxygen uptake rate, yield and decay rate of the rice husk eluent was calculated to be $0.0049mgO_2/L/sec$, 0.24 mgSS/mgCOD and 0.004 respectively. The most stable form of rice husk pellets was produced when the weight of the rice husk, EVAc, PVAc, and distilled water was 10 : 2 : 0.2 : 10. The prepared rice husk pellets had an apparent density of 368 g/L and a porosity of 59.00% upon filling. Dry rice husks showed high adsorption capacity for ammonia gas but low adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide. The bio-filter odor removal column filled with rice husk pellets showed more than 99.50% removal efficiency for NH3 and H2S gas. Through the analysis of circulation water, the prime removal mechanism is assumed to be the dissolution by water, microbial nitrification, and sulfation. Finally, it was confirmed that the microorganisms could survive well on the rice husk pellets, which provided them a stable supply of nutrients for their activity in this long-term experiment. This adequate supply of nutrients from the rice husk enabled high removal efficiency by the microorganisms.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 칼라꼬마감자의 영양성분 등의 품질특성을 분석하였고, 항산화활성 효과를 평가하였다. 칼라꼬마감자 100 g(wet weight basis)중에는 수분 79.7%, 탄수화물 17.9%, 조단백질 1.0%, 조지방 0.1%, 조회분 1.3%가 함유되어 있으며, 탄수화물 중 총 식이섬유소 함량은 11.45%이었다. 총 식이섬유의 함량은 4.0%로 나타났다. 또한 칼라꼬마감자 100 g의 총 열량은 337.3 kcal로 분석되었다. 칼라꼬마감자의 구성아미노산 중 asparagine (1,514.3 mg/100g)과 glutamic acid(1,240.3 mg/100g)함량이 가장 높은 함량을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 무기질 함량은 칼륨이 약 1,454.7 mg으로 가장 함량이 높았으며, 인(245.3 mg), 마그네슘(82.8 mg), 칼슘(62.1 mg)순이었다. 미량영양소인 철분(28.1 mg), 망간(28.1 mg), 구리(3.4 mg) 및 아연(2.5 mg)이 함유되어 있었다. 칼라꼬마감자 추출물의 페놀 함량은 chlorogenic acid가 $3,730.60{\pm}0.62mg/100g$로서 가장 많은 양이 함유 되어 있었고 catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났으나, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid는 확인되지 않았다. 칼라꼬마감자의 우수한 영양성분 및 항산화 활성을 나타내는 성분 및 그 활성에 대한 연구가 추가로 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 칼라꼬마감자의 우수한 생리활성을 나타내는 성분에 대해서는 더욱 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 이러한 결과로 보아 칼라꼬마감자의 영양성분 및 항산화 활성 천연소재로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 칼라영양성분 및 항산화감자 추출물 제조시 기능성 향상을 위한 추출공정의 개선 및 최적화 등의 추후 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1994

The rapid development of science and technology has brought about a quantitative expansion and a decrease of practical life span of information. Food science, a kind of life science and practical science, can not be an exception. Analysis of food components is the fundamental basis of the Food Science. So I would like this to be of some help to the following researches through the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the contents of the food analysis research papers in food science related Korean journals. Five hundred seventy four research papers published from 1984 to 1993 in the three journals, that is, Korean Journal of Food Science & Technology. The Korean Journal of Nutrition, The Korean Journal of Home Economics, which is three major journals read by people in Home Economics area are analyzed in this study. The method applied in this study is content analysis. Followings are the results of the content analysis : 1) When categorize the material foods into food groups, cereal group is analyzed most often(15.8%), followed by fish and shellfish group(12.4%), oil and fat group(11.8%). The least often analyzed food group is egg group. Among the food soybean is most often analyzed(6.0%), followed by polished rice(3.7%), glutinous rice(2.2%), cabbage(2.1%) and human milk(1.8%). 2) About the analyzed food components, the general components such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate and ash has been analyzed very often but the trace nutrients such as vitamins and minerals has scarcely been analyzed. 3) The method used in the food components analysis is usually AOAC(Association of Official Analytical Chemist, USA). HPLC was applied to the analysis of many food components like amino acids, fatty acids, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

Since 1982, female agricultural workers are populous than male in Korea. Previous study was suggested that female workers are more sensitive to the agricultural medicine poisoning than male. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact on plasma components and nutrient intakes in female agricultural workers by the use of pesticides. Data were obtained from 44 females residing in Wonjoo, Kangwon-do area. Analysis for the general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and plasma components of the subjects were performed by physical examination, 24-hour recall method and venous blood sampling. They were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of the pesticide use: 8 in none(Non-expose group), 14 in low(<4/yr)(Low-expose group), and 22 in high$({\geq}4/yr)$(High-expose group). The results are summarized as follows. Serum glucose, SGOT, SGPT, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol did not correlated with pesticide use and were not different among the groups. But serum total cholesterol was higher in pesticide use group. With increasing the number of pesticide use times, leukocyte count was tended to increased. Eighty two percent of the subjects were hemoglobin less than or equal to 12g/dl. Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum Fe, Serum ferritin belonged to normal range and did not correlated with pesticide use. Intake of energy, Fe, vitamin $B_2$ were lower than RDA. Fe, K, and vitamin A intake were higher in don't use group than the other groups. There are not many differences according to using the pesticide in anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, and blood components, except for serum total cholesterol level and some nutrients intake. But these results suggest the need the systemic researches about the effects the pesticide using on nutritional status in Korean agricultural workers.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.325-328
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• 2001

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus novo sp. A TCC 31121. It is active against Gram-positive bacteria and it is under evaluation for use in man. Teicoplanin mixture in fermentation broth contains major amounts of teicoplanin $A_1$ and $A_2$ and a minor amount tcicoplanin of $A_3$. Commercial teicoplanin product is composed of five major components of very similar polarity, designated T-$A_2$-l, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the more polor component, designated T -$A_3$. The culture conditions were studied in order that hydrophilic teicoplanin $A_2$ components are more produced but hydrophobic teicoplanin $A_1$ with lower bioactivity are less produced in submerged culture. Effects of culture pH and nutrients on the biosynthes ratio of teicoplanin $A_1$ and $A_2$ were confirmed in flask culture using MOPS buffer system through TLC, bioautography and bioassay. It was elucidated that optimal pH is 7.4 for teicoplanin $A_2$ biosynthesis but is 5.2 for teicoplanin $A_1$ biosynthesis, and that trace elements stimulate $A_2$ production but malt extract stimulate $A_1$production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1974

This experiment was initiated to determine the effective components of garlic during the growth stages and to regulate the contents artificially. The following results were obtained : 1. Alliin content was increased during its growth and showed drastic increase at maturing stage. 2. The kinds of free amino acids detected during growth stages were 15 for leaf growth, 14 for bulbing and 18 for maturing stage. The total content of free amino acids was high. est at maturing stage. 3. The optimum conditions for the maximum amounts of alliin and free amino acid determined by the binary interaction of Systematic Variations Method were 40% $NO_3^{-1}+60%\;SO_4^{-2}$, 62% $NO_3^{-1}+38%\;PO_4^{-3}$, 42% $K^{+1}+58%\;Ca^{+2}$ and 56% $K^{+1}+44%\;Mg^{+2}$ for alliin, and 72% $NO_3^{-1}+28%\;SO_4^{-2}$, 49% $NO_3^{-1}+51%\;SO_4^{-2}$, 45% $K^++55Ca^{+2}$ and 66% $K^{+1}+34%\;Mg^{+2}$ for free amino acid. 4. Ideal curve for alliin and free amino acid was attained by applying the binary interaction of Systematic Variations Method and it was possible to approach the optimum ionic proportion from the optimum contents on this curve.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 아위버섯의 일반성분 및 탄수화물, 섬유질, 무기질, 아미노산, 비타민, 유리당, 지방산조성 등을 조사하여 건강식품개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 아위버섯의 경우 느타리버섯과 새송이버섯에 비해 수분은 적고 조단백질과 식이섬유가 많음을 보였다. 총 아미노산 함량과 무기질의 함량은 높게 나타났으며, 이는 아위버섯이 우수한 무기질 공급원의 식품이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 또한 아위버섯의 경우 느타리버섯, 새송이버섯에 비하여 수용성 비타민뿐만 아니라 지용성비타민의 경우도 많았으며 특히 비타민 C함량은 6배정도 많았고 특이하게 높은 glucose 함량을 보여주었으며 myristic acid등 포화지방산의 함량은 적은 반면, 불포화 지방산인 linoleic acid의 함량은 다소 높게 나타났다. 따라서 아위버섯은 풍부한 영양소를 가지고 있어 다양한 생리활성을 기대할 수 있으며 향후 기능성식품의 좋은 재료로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.