• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.519-522
• /
• 2004

In the course of anaerobic storage of excess sludge, odors due to chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide are produced. These odors cause many problems. Many methods have been developed to eliminate odors, but all current methods are not only costly, but also largely inef­fective. In this paper, we investigate the process of transformation of sludge microorganism cul­tures through intense aeration under nutrient-poor conditions, in terms of the selective adjust­ment and control of microorganism culture. The aerated sludge is subsequently returned to the adjusting pool, where the microorganisms inhibit odors, thus the excess sludge itself will act as an odor inhibitor. The process can be verified in terms of viability, in that the degradation capac­ity of the sludge was maintained after the intensely-aerated sludge was returned to the treat­ment system.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.615-627
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the eating habits and nutrient intake of industrial workers who work day and night shifts. In the area of percentage of skipped meals, the day shift workers responded that they usually skipped breakfast and the night shift workers often skipped lunch and dinner. The day shift workers answered that they skipped meals because of lack of time. The night shift workers cited poor appetite as their main reason for skipping meals. The intake of calories, Vitamin $B_2$ and calcium of the industrial workers who worked day and night shift was lower than the Korean RDA. The intake of iron of the male night shift workers was lower than the Korean RDA The intake of calories, protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin $B_2$and niacin, vitamin C of the female night shift workers was lower than the Korean RDA. In the area of nutrient intake, the night shift workers both male and female got lower scales than the day shift workers. The nutrient intake of the female night shift workers was the worst. Because they cook for themselves and live alone, their nutrient intake and eating habits were bad. The night shift workers were worse than the day shift workers and the female night shift workers were the worst. Considering the above results, night shift workers should correct their poor eating habits, their nutrient intake and have a well-balanced diet.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed in nutrient contents changes of adult's favorite foods between March 2019 and July 2020 after policy implementation nutrient-poor foods based on special act on safety control of adult's dietary life in Korea. Among adult's favorite foods manufactured or sold in 2020 as well as 2019, calories and key nutrients in breads, ice creams and pizzas were improved in comparison to those in the other food groups. However, most of the changes in calories or key nutrient contents exist. The newly introduced candies, breads showed slightly greater improvements in calories and key nutrient contents than in 2019. On the other hand, some negative changes were found in newly introduced chocolates in comparison to previous ones. Overall, policy implementation on foods seemed to induce changes in nutrient contents of adult's favorite foods. In particular, nutrition education is reported to have a positive impact on adult's frequency and preference for processed foods, and more systematic and continuous nutrition education measures should be devised to help adult as consumers selectively purchase healthy foods. This research is meaningful in that it is the first study to analyze the quality changes of adult's favorite foods since the high-calorie and low-nutrient food management policy.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2010

Adolescents grow rapidly and have lots of schoolwork for entrance examination, so good nutrition is very important to them. However, adolescents tend to have a poor dietary behavior including frequent consumption of empty calorie foods and skipping breakfast. In particular, frequency of drinking milk has been low among Korean adolescents, thus their dietary calcium intakes has been low. Undesirable dietary behavior of adolescents is a risk factor for poor nutrition, obesity and chronic disease of them. Milk is a good source for calcium, high quality of protein, vitamin and bioactive compounds including anti-obesity component, thus it has been reported that milk helps improvement of dietary nutrient adequacy and physical growth, increment of bone mineral density, and prevention of obesity and chronic diseases. Therefore, milk consumption of adolescents should be encouraged in order to help their nutritional status, physical growth and health.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.410-417
• /
• 2020

Fungal ecological interactions play a key role in structuring community assemblages. These associations may involve both antagonistic and synergistic relationships, which are commonly influenced by abiotic factors such as nutrient conditions. However, information for extreme, oligotrophic systems remain poor. Herein, interactions among key members of the aquatic transient fungal community (Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Coprinellus micaceus) of a low-nutrient freshwater system in the Cuatro Ci enegas Basin, Mexico were studied. Pairwise interaction bioassays were explored in vitro under different nutrient conditions, including carbohydrates-rich, carbohydrates and amino peptides-rich, and low nutrients. Our results indicated that antagonistic patterns prevail among the studied taxa. However, nutrient-dependent changes were observed in Cladosporium sp. shifting to synergy under carbohydrates-rich conditions, suggesting changes in the fungal community composition as a result of nutrient enrichment. Remarkably, our findings contrast with previous work demonstrating mainly synergistic interactions between our tested fungal isolates and co-occurring autochthonous bacteria (Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio sp.) under low-nutrient conditions. This observation may indicate that bacteria and fungi exhibit distinct community-level responses, driven by nutrient conditions. This contributes to the knowledge of fungal community dynamics and interspecific interactions in an oligotrophic ecosystem, highlighting the relevance of nutrient-based shifts and antagonistic interactions in ecosystem dynamics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.4 no.6
• /
• pp.455-461
• /
• 2010

The tumor microenvironment, particularly sufficient nutrition and oxygen supply, is important for tumor cell survival. Nutrition deprivation causes cancer cell death. Since apoptosis is a major mechanism of neuronal loss, we explored neuronal apoptosis in various microenvironment conditions employing neuroblastoma (NB) cells. To investigate the effects of tumor malignancy and differentiation on apoptosis, the cells were exposed to poor microenvironments characterized as serum-free, low-glucose, and hypoxia. Incubation of the cells in serum-free and low-glucose environments significantly increased apoptosis in less malignant and more differentiated N-type IMR32 cells, whereas more malignant and less differentiated I-type BE(2)C cells were not affected by those treatments. In contrast, hypoxia (1 % $O_2$) did not affect apoptosis despite cell malignancy. It is suggested that DLK1 constitutes an important stem cell pathway for regulating self-renewal, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity. This raises questions about the role of DLK1 in the cellular resistance of cancer cells under poor microenvironments, which cancer cells normally encounter. In the present study, DLK1 overexpression resulted in marked protection from apoptosis induced by nutrient deprivation. This in vitro model demonstrated that increasing severity of nutrition deprivation and knock-down of DLK1 caused greater apoptotic death, which could be a useful strategy for targeted therapies in fighting NB as well as for evaluating how nutrient deprived cells respond to therapeutic manipulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.258-271
• /
• 1987

This survey of 527 children, aged 4 to 6 years, focused on family and dietary environment, nutritional status and personality. It was conducted from June to October, 1986. The results showed that 68.0%(breakfast)and 55.4% (evening meal ) of the subjects indicated they had meals with the family everyday. Analysis of the nutritional status children showed all nutrient intake except protein an diron was insufficient compared with RDA. Carbohydrate provided 58.3% of total calorie intake ; protein accounted for 15.7% . fat provided 26.0%. There was a positive relation between income and nutrient intake. Children with employed mothers showed lower nutrient intake than children with unemployed mothers. Food attitude was positively related to nutrient intake, nutrient intake of children with good eating behavior was higher than that of children had poor eating behavior . Activity level had a significant correlation with intake of calories, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and Vitamin B$_2$. Mood was correlated with intake of protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin C.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.475-483
• /
• 2000

The develop a simple screening test for identifying Korean elderly at risk of undernutrition, the data of the health-related habits, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of the elderly in Chongju were analyzed. Two risk indicators, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and the respondents perceived health, were used to detect the undernutrition risk of the elderly. In order to select a list of questions for the test, factors a affecting nutritional status and items investigated in previous nutrition surveys of the elderly were considered, and 21 questions were primarily selected. A multiple regression and stepwise regression analysis were used to take out the weak predictors of poor nutrient intake, and to give item weights to the strong predictors, and a list of 17 questions was finally adopted. To determine the cut-point of the test score, sensitivity, and positive predictive values were calculated. The Simple Screening Test developed in this study is a brief, easily scored tool to predict poor nutrient intake and the perceived health status of the elderly. The test may provide a basis of further comprehensive nutritional assessment or intervention planning, if necessary, for those who are diagnosed ad "high risk". The test, however, needs to be independently validated by other groups of individuals.dividuals.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2014

This study determined the effects of television (TV) advertising restriction of Energy-Dense and Nutrient-Poor Foods on product and promotion activities by food companies producing or selling children's favorite foods. A survey using a selfadministered questionnaire was conducted via on-line or fax by marketers or R&D managers from 108 food companies. The data from 55 respondents (50.9%) were analyzed. Restriction exerted positive effects on food products with respect to compliance with labeling requirements (4.0 out of 5 points) and reinforcement of nutritional contents examination of new products (3.7 out of 5 points). Reformulations of products such as reduction of nutrients like sodium, sugar and fat were also reported. In addition, food companies underwent diverse changes in promotional activities, including modification of package designs and displays in stores, offering free gifts, discounts, etc. In conclusion, restriction of TV food advertising may contribute to improvement of children's food environment by encouraging food companies to make favorable product changes. On the other hand, the results also revealed that food companies adopt diverse marketing channels that are not yet under regulation. Hence, to make policies more effective, regulation needs to be extended from TV to other marketing channels to which children are easily exposed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.290-300
• /
• 1982

The study deals with the empirical research on the condition of nutrient intake of low income class which be represented by urban slum and rural area, with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrient- intake. The method of the research was based on the spot-survey with questionaires. The result is that the levels of nutrient-intake are below the standard requirement level of nutrients in both of urban slum and rural area. The level of nutrient intake in urban slum lies in approximately 50% of the standard requirement level and 80% of the standard requirement level in rural area. The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. More than half of the population in the community are below the standard requirement level of the nutrient- intake. The problem of malnutrition was serious in urban slum than in rural areas, which made a good contrast with the result of Peru study. Deficiency in calcium was most serious. The factor analysis of the prevalent condition of malnutrition in low class suggests that 1) The function of local market in supplying food is not so effective in the sense that the quality of the foods purchased id the local market is poor. 2) Low level of knowledge, the consequent ignorance and the indifference to the nutrition and the low income led to malnutrition. The level of income and the education were significantly correlated to the nutrient-intake.