• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1997

A novel strategy was developed for isolating suppressors from sporulation-deficient mutants. The mutation in the BCY1 gene, which codes for the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, when homozygous, results in diploids being meiosis and sporulation deficient. Two plasmids, YCp-MAT.alpha. and YEp-SPOT7-lacZ, were introduced into MAT.alpha. BCY1$\^$+/ or MAT.alpha. bcy1 haploid cells. The transformant of the BCY1$\^$+/ haploid cell produced .betha.-galactosidase under nutrient starvation, but the bcy1 transformant did not. Using this system, the mutagenesis experiment performed on the bcy1 transformant strain resulted in a number of sporulation mutants that produced .betha.-galactosidase under nutrient starvation. One complementation group, sob1, was identified from the isoalted suppressor mutants and characterized as a single recessive mutation by tetrad analysis. Genetic analysis revealed that the sob1 mutation suppressed the sporulation deficiency, the failure to arrest at the G1 phase of the cell cecle, and the sensitivity to heat or nitrogen starvation caused by the bcy1 mutation. However, the sob1 mutation did not suppress the sporulation deficiency of ime1 and of ime2 diploids. These results suggest that the sob1 mutation affects a gene which functions as a downstream regulator in both meiosis and cell cycle regulation.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2018

Background: The most beneficial dietary pattern in managing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the elderly has not been ascertained. The aim of this study is to classify dietary patterns and to examine associations between dietary pattern, MetS and body composition in elderly Koreans. Methods: This study was conducted among Koreans 65 years or older using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. A total of 1,567 study subjects were included. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.0 and dietary patterns were classified by cluster analysis. Results: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study. We observed that most South Korean elderly still maintain a traditional dietary pattern. Dietary patterns were classified as balanced (31%), imbalanced (40%), or very imbalanced (30%), with the majority of subjects having an unbalanced diet pattern in which their total energy and nutrient intake was insufficient compared with the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Those in the very imbalanced group had a ratio of macronutrients (carbohydrates:fats:protein) of 81.15:7.18:11.50 and a 54% higher likelihood of having hypertriglyceridemia (P=0.025) compared with those in the balanced group. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that the diets of South Korean elderly are nutritionally imbalanced, including high carbohydrate consumption, which confers a high risk hypertriglyceridemia. These findings highlight the effect of nutritional imbalance in elderly with MetS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.373-384
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to identify dietary patterns of Korean middle school students and to investigate the characteristics of dietary intake of subjects with different dietary pattern. Three-day diet records were obtained from 163 male and 155 female 7th graders in Seoul, Korea. Food items from the diet records were aggregated into 22 food groups before subjected to factor analysis. Four dietary patterns emerged from factor analysis with different factor score. Cluster analysis using factor score classified subjects into three groups named 'Traditional' (n = 42), 'Westernized' (n = 135), and 'Intermediate' (n = 145). Major nutrient intake and dietary quality assessed by NAR (Nutrients Adequacy Ratio), MAR (Mean Adequacy Ratio), DDS (Dietary Diversity Score), and DVS (Dietary Variety Score) of the three groups were compared. Mean energy intakes of three groups were 1783, 1916, 1578 kcal in Traditional, Westernized, and Intermediate diet group respectively. Differences in nutrient intake of the groups were significant in all nutrients except vitamin B$_1$. Percent energy from fat was significantly higher in Westernized and Intermediate diet group, and cholesterol intake of Westernized diet group was higher than 300mg. NARs of most nutrients were higher in Traditional and Westernized than Intermediate diet group except vitamin E. Traditional and Westernized diet groups had the highest MAR of fourteen nutrients. DDS was the highest in Westernized and DVS was the highest in Traditional and Westernized diet group. Traditional diet groups had 22％ of energy consumption from breakfast, significantly higher than other diet groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that Korean teenagers with Traditional diet pattern have lower diet in ％ energy from fat, diversity of food and regularity of meals. Future studies need to focus on the relationship between dietary patterns and health status of Korean teenagers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.498-508
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• 2017

Purpose: The present study investigated nutrient supplement intake to examine the relationship between the health behaviors of nutrient supplement users and nonusers and nutrient supplement users and other drug users. The results provide baseline data to understand whether nutrient supplements actually perform as expected in view of the fact that healthy people that take nutritional supplements may become healthier, but may also develop nutritional supplement abuse problems. Among 7,006 household heads of 24,614 household members from the Korea Health Panel data in 2008, a total of 6,009 household heads were the respondents of the Korea Health Panel Survey (appendix) in 2009. Method: The subjects of the present study were targeted household heads. The respondents who reported that they had taken (planned to take) life/health promotion-related drugs (01. vitamins/nutritional supplements) for more than three months that were purchased at pharmacies during the past one year at the time of the survey were defined as nutritional supplement users. Those who took other drugs (05. hair-loss treatments, 06. obesity treatments, 10. others) were regarded as other drug users. A chi-squared test was performed to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and differences between groups. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze health behaviors according to nutrient supplement intake. Result: Comparison of (A) nutritional supplement users and nonusers revealed that those who were women, 50 years or older, and spent more than average living expenses were more likely to take nutritional supplements, which was not significant in health behavior variables. Analysis of nutritional supplement users and other drug users (B) revealed that those who were high school graduates or above, had a spouse, were non-smokers, took drugs, ate regular meals, and were not stressed by economic or family conflicts were more likely to take nutritional supplements. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that people take nutritional supplements because of their psychological desire to be healthy, not because they are not healthy, have problems, or believe supplements will make them healthier.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the subjective perception to the nutrient intake and mental health of Korean adolescents by the residual method. This study was based on data from the 5th and 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2014) of the 2,961 total subjects(male 1,548, female 1,413, aged 12 to 19 years). The nutrient intake was collected by using the 24 hr recall method and mental health and BMI were collected by the health interview survey and physical examination research. An analysis of the relationship between the subjective perception and BMI showed that the proportion of those with a distorted perception of their body type was the highest among adolescents with normal weight(p for trend, <.001). Especially, regarding the subjective body type, the proportion of adolescents who perceived themselves overweight was significantly higher among females as compared to that among males (p for trend, <.001). An analysis of nutrient intake status against the subjective perception showed that the group of adolescents who perceived themselves overweight had the lowest scores on the index of nutritional quality (INQ), nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) (p for trend, <.001). With respect to the daily intake of major nutrients, adolescents who perceived themselves overweight consumed the lowest amounts of total energy (p for trend, <.01) and carbohydrate (p for trend,<.001). An analysis of the mental health status of the adolescents showed that those who perceived themselves overweight had the highest levels of stress recognition and depression (p<0.01). In conclusion, the adolescents' subjective perception is associated with their nutrient intake and mental health. Therefore, some educational programs are desirable to help the adolescents to have their desirable subjective perception and to increase their satisfaction with their body type.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.143-158
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• 2006

The study examined nutritional conditions to enhance the quality of meals and to provide the basic data for more proper dietary life of college students. Our analysis was based on the body measurement, food intake and food habits for 200 students of Chung-Nam. The nutrient intake was examined using the 24-hour recall method. The data were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio(MAR), the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio(NAR) and the Index of Nutritional Quality(INQ). The average weight and height of male students were $67.57{\pm}8.66kg,\;174.64{\pm}5.87cm$, while those of female students were $53.46{\pm}6.86kg,\;159.10{\pm}4.19cm$, respectively. The total energy intake of the male students was $3221.71{\pm}200.39kcal$, while that of the female students was $1884.67{\pm}100.93kcal$. The male students are higher than female in % of RDA. The percentages of carbohydrate, protein and lipid for male students were $57.18{\pm}7.83%,\;15.15{\jpm}3.36%\;and\; 27.67{\pm}6.68%$, while those of female students were $58.77{\pm}7.68%,\;15.51{\pm}4.55%\;and\;25.72{\pm}6.20%$, respectively. There was no significant difference in calcium intakes for both groups, however they are less than the RDA. In terms of iron, the male students took $16.98{\pm}5.57mg$ and the female students took $11.35{\pm}2.68mg$, with significant difference (p<0.001). The male and female students showed sufficient intake of vitamins, with significant difference between two groups except for vitamin A. The mean MAR, an index of overall dietary quality, was significantly higher in the male students than female students(p<0.01). Male and female students enjoying two meals or more a day were 59%, and those having enough time for one meal or less a day were 36.5%. Male and female students having no breakfast were 39%. Male and female students having vegetables intake were 53.5%, and having milk or milk products every day were 29.5% of them. In conclusion, nutritional education is recommended to increase the calcium intake and fruit and vegetable consumption for dietary fiber, and to emphasize regularity of meal time.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2017

In 2013, August and September(early) as summer and October and November as Fall the probe of eutrophication has been done at 22 sampling points from the entrance of Danghang Bay (Jinhae Bay) to Geosan reservoir. In Danghang Bay, total chlorophyll(TChl) concentration of summer was 3.7 times higher than that of fall, and sampling points closer to the center showed 1.8 times higher concentrations than sampling points near the fringe where fresh water encountered. Eutrophication Index(EI) exceeded 1 at all sampling points in Danghang Bay during summer and fall, and if other conditions for algae growth met there was a possibility red tide to bloom at any place. There was a tendency of EI to gradually increase moving up from the entrance of bay to the inner side during summer and fall. Especially there was a sudden increase by 2.3 times higher at sampling points of 13~22 (planned region as Madong reservoir) than at other points during fall. Nitrogen was a limiting nutrient for growth of algae during summer and fall in Danghang Bay, but phosphorus was a limiting nutrient during summer rainy season. During summer and fall, multiple linear regression analysis between EI and COD, DIN, and DIP showed a significant positive relationship and that DIP was the most effective variable. Whereas multiple linear regression analysis between TChl and COD, DIN, DIP, and DSi showed a significant positive relationship and that DIP was also the most effective variable during summer. There was no significant correlation between TChl and the other parameters during fall.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.663-669
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrient compositions of stem and fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF) and Opuntia humifusa (OH). The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the parts, varieties and parts*varieties had influence on nutrient content except crude protein, soluble dietary fiber, Fe, Se, I, vitamin E, niacin and vitamin C. Moisture and crude ash content was higher in stem than in fruit, while crude lipid and insoluble dietary content was higher in fruit than in stem. Mineral content revealed that K (1,313.67 mg% in OF, 1,351.38 mg% in OH) was the highest in fruit and Ca (5,146.29 mg% in OF, 1,388.19 mg% in OH) was the highest in stem. Vitamin C was the most abundant vitamin in the fruit of OF (199.98 mg%) and OH (187.12 mg%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid was the highest among fatty acids (66.9~70.1%), with higher content in the stem (753.89 mg%) than fruit (578.01 mg%) in OF, while higher in the fruit (1,093.63 mg%) than stem (475.07 mg%) in OH. Moisture, crude protein, Mg, Se and riboflavin was higher in OF than OH; whereas, crude lipid, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acid were higher in OH than OF. These results indicated that OF and OH could be a good food source for Ca, K and Vitamin C. Also, different nutrient content by parts and varieties, can be helpful in choice of parts or varieties for consumer purposes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the coverage of the current mandatory nutrition labeling system on the nutrient intake of Koreans. Methods: KNHANES dietary intake data (2013) of 7,242 subjects were used in the analysis. KNHANES dietary intake data were collected by a 24-hour recall method by trained dietitians. For analysis, all food items consumed by the subjects were classified into two groups (foods with mandatory labeling and other foods). In the next step, all food items were reclassified into four groups according to the food type and nutrition labeling regulations: raw material food, processed food of raw material characteristics, processed foods without mandatory labeling, and processed foods with mandatory labeling. The intake of energy and five nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fat, and sodium) of subjects from each food group were analyzed to determine the coverage of the mandatory nutrition labeling system among the total nutrient intake of Koreans. Results: The average intake of foods with mandatory labeling were 384g/day, which was approximately one quarter of the total daily food intake (1,544 g/day). The proportion of energy and five nutrients intake from foods with mandatory labeling was 18.1%~47.4%. The average food intake from the 4 food groups were 745 g/day (48.3%) for the raw food materials, 54 g/day (3.5%) for the processed food of raw material characteristics, 391 g/day (25.3%) for the processed foods without mandatory labeling, and 354 g/day (22.9%) for the processed foods with mandatory labeling. Conclusions: Although nutrition labeling is a useful tool for providing nutritional information to consumers, the coverage of current mandatory nutrition labeling system on daily nutrient intake of the Korean population is not high. To encourage informed choices and improve healthy eating habits of the Korean population, the nutrition labeling system should be expanded to include more food items and foodservice menus.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.951-963
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behaviors, the self-perception of body images, the hematological indices and the nutrient intake of adolescent female athletes in Incheon. The subjects were 112 female athletes(track and fleld: n=32, target shooting: n=27, fencing n=29, swimming: n=14, badminton: n=10) from middle and high schools in Incheon. This cross-sectional study was conducted by means of a sol(-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, serum iron, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS). Nutrient intakes obtained by means of the 3 day-recall method were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 program. Most of the female athletes had dietary problems such as eating unbalanced meals, skipping meals, and preferences for processed foods. More than 60% of the female athletes skipped breakfast. As for perception of their body images, track and field athletes in particular, controlled their weights significantly better than the other athletes (p<0.05). With regard to their physical exertion during exercise, 56.3% of the swimmers and 31.3% of the track and field athletes answered “very hard”, which was a significant difference (p< 0.001). More than 80% of the female athletes experienced vertigo during exercise (p< 0.01). Also more than 50% of the female athletes, with the exception of the badminton players, had experienced irregular menstruation (p<0.05). The average serum iron levels (p<0.05), the serum ferritin levels (p<0.05) and TS (p<0.05) of the track and field athletes was significantly lower as compared to that of the other athletes. The nutrient intakes of the female athletes, with the exception of Vitamin B$_{6}$, niacin and phosphorus were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA). In particular, the calcium and iron intakes of the female athletes were under 50% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutritional education and supplementation are required for female athletes to encourage desirable eating habits, as well as to improve their nutritional status and exercise performances.s.