• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 1993

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidative effects of volatile oil and oleoresin of rosemary mary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linne), sage (Salvia officinalis Linne), clove (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houttuyn) using the Rancimat and POV test. The antioxidative effects of steam volatile oils of rosemary, sage clove. and nutmeg were not statistically significant, at the levels of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1% added to lard. The antioxidative effects of oleoresin of above 4 spices were increased with the oleoresin concentration. The comparison of the results between Rancimat and POV test of above 4 spices was almost same.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.6.1-6.7
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• 2018

Myristica fragrans Houtt is commonly known as "nutmeg", it produces two spices: mace and nutmeg. Mace and nutmeg are strongly aromatic in nature and known as jowzabuwa and javetri/bisbasah respectively in the Unani system of medicine. M. fragrans was used as early as 700 BCE by Indian, however, ancient Greeks and Romans were not aware of it. Later Arab traders introduce M. fragrans into Europe followed by Portuguese and Dutch merchants. Mace is very useful medicine in the Unani system of medicine because of its therapeutic uses in salasal al-bawl (urinary incontinence), amrad-i-qalb (cardiac diseases), amrad-i-dimagh (central nervous system), zo'fe bah (sexual debility), amrad al-rahim (uterine diseases), and su-i-hazim (indigestion). The most important constituents of mace essential oil are ${\alpha}-pinene$, sabinene, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, myristicin, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, and safrole. The seed and mace extract of nutmeg contain quite high tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Mace has pharmacological functions such as antibacterial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiarrhea, antioxidant, chemoprotective, neuropharmacologic, and antidiabetic properties. To explore the correlation between the traditional uses and the same proven by recent researches, a comprehensive review is highlighted in this paper. Further, pharmacological activities which are not reported in classical texts are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.851-856
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• 1989

The physical properties of essential oil of nutmeg extracted in different methods (SDE, Solvent, $CO_2$) were investigated and also the components of essential oil were analyzed using G.C. and G.C./ Mass. Solvent extraction yield was 23% and was higher than those of SDE extraction and $CO_2$ extraction. From the analysis result and physical properties of nutmeg oil, it was conformed that the nutmeg used In this experiment was similar to East Indies type. The content of sabinene was 3.6-14.1%, 28.4-48.7% for myristicin, 1.2-2.1% for elemicin, and 3.6-5.6% for safrole. The camphene was identified in SDE extracts but not in $CO_2$ extracts. The volatile components of SDE extracts and solvent extracts contained large amount of monoterpene and terpene alcohol but $CO_2$ extracts aminly contained aromatic compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.54-60
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• 2013

This study carried out a phytosociological research by Z.-M. school's method describing vegetation structure and management solution about nutmeg tree's(Torreya nucifera ) forests. The nutmeg tree's forests have developed intervale and hills in warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests zone. The nutmeg tree's forests composed 50 familly, 80 genus, 88 species divided two syntaxa(typical sub-community, Arachniodes aristata sub-community) by species composition and correspond to habitat condition. The nutmeg tree's forests show a uniform forest's structure which composed 3~4 layer of sub-tree and shrub. And it was worthy of special mention which characterized diagnostic species of Camellietea japonicae in the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests. In case of forests floor, were a high rate in order of Ophiopogon japonicus, Polystichum tripteron, Arisaema ringens. And Oplismenus undulatifolius which represent mantle communities as well. This indicates that the nutmeg tree's forests are exposed by humman effects sustainedly. The nutmeg tree's young trees appeared a high rate at half shade and shade. The vigorous tree species have to spacing cutting instead of the heavy thinning that consist in with a shout of declining astructur and function of the forest ecosystem for maintaining a nutmeg tree's forests. And we suggest for the density regulation of the sub-tree and shrub. In conclusion, need to the continuous monitoring about the vegetation structure and management solution for the sustainable nutmeg tree's forests.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.760-765
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• 1989

The change of volatile flavor components In nutmeg (Kernels of the fruits of Myristica fragrans Houttuyn) during aging at $37^{\circ}C$ were studied by using a fused silica capillary GC & GC/MS. Volatile flavor components having the low boiling point showed a general decrease during aging, but those of the middle and high boiling point showed a reactionary tendency Myristicin and myristic acid among volatile flavor components showing the high boiling point had the amount increased considerably, and those were composed of 24.50% and 18.69% in aging for 6 months, respectively. The amount of whole volatile flavor concentrate showed the increased tendency till the aging period for 4 months, and then subsequently decreased.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 1998

Lipoxygenase inhibitory acitivity of the methanolic extract of 60 different kinds of plant seeds was determined by a spectrophotometric method using a soybean lipoxigenase(SLO) and linolenic acid. Among the extracts examined, the methanolic extract of nutmeg(Myristical fragrans)seed showed the most potent SLO inhibitory activity. To isolate SLO inhibitor, hence, the defatted methanol extract was further partitioned with ether, ehtylacetate , and n-butanol , stepwise. The ether souble fraction was successively chromatographed on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative TLC. Three phenolic compounds were isolated , and one of them showing a strong SLO inhibition activity was identified as a 2,6-dihydroxy-9-(3', 4', -dihydroxyphenyl)nonylphenone (IC50a=0.39$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) by 1H-& 13C0NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

In our program to search for new AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators from plants that exert potential anticancer property, we found that an EtOAc extract of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) activated AMPK enzyme in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Two major diarylbutane-type lignans, macelignan and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA), were isolated as active principles from this extract. Treatment of breast cancer cells with two compounds induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Ser 15 phosphorylation of p53. Moreover, macelignan and MDGA significantly inhibited the colony formation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells on soft agar. Intraperitoneal injection of macelignan and MDGA (20 mg/kg) suppressed the tumor growth of 4T1 mammary cancer cells. These results indicate that the chemopreventive effects of two major diarylbutane-type lignans from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) may be associated with induction of apoptosis presumably through AMPK activation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1301-1304
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• 2009

Macelignan is a bioactive compound isolated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) which has been traditionally used for the food and pharmaceutical purposes. In this study, the activities of macelignan against vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus were evaluated in vitro. Our results showed that the vegetative cells of B. cereus were significantly inhibited in growth by macelignan with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $4{\mu}g/mL$. The vegetative cells of B. cereus were completely killed with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of $8{\mu}g/mL$ of macelignan. Killing time of macelignan against vegetative cells of B. cereus was very fast; endpoint of macelignan was reached after 4 hr of incubation at $4{\times}MIC$. Macelignan inactivated more than 3-log (99.9%) of spores/mL of B. cereus at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Macelignan was found to be effective against vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus. These results suggest that macelignan might be good to be developed as a food preservative.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

This study investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of nutmeg (water, ethanol extract and essential oil). The total phenol contents of water, ethanol extract and essential oil were 3.4%, 16.9%, and 3.2%, respectively. Hydrogen donating abilities of water, ethanol extract and essential oil at 1,000 ppm were 4.9%, 41.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The antioxidative activities in linoleic acid substrates were in the order of BHT > ethanol > extract > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > essential oil > water extract. The antioxidative activities in linoleic acid emulsion substrates were in the order of BHT > water extract > essential oil > ethanol extract > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In antimicrobial activity, ethanol extract showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis, and the essential oil showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus. However, no antimicrobial activity of water extract was observed. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of water, ethanol extract and essential oil at 1,000 ppm were 4.5%, 28.8% and 98.8%, respectively, and the ACE inhibitory activities were 0.2%, 11.0% and 10.0%, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3603-3609
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• 2011

A novel sampling method of the headspace poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mini-disk extraction (HS-PDE) was developed, optimized, validated and applied for the GC/MS analysis of spices flavors. A prototype PDMS mini-disk (8 mm outer diameter, 0.157 mm thickness, 9.4 mg weight) has been designed and fabricated as a sorption device. The technique uses a small PDMS mini-disk and very small volume of organic solvent and less sample size than the solvent extraction. This new HS-PDE method is very simple to use, inexpensive, rapid, requires less labor. Linearities of calibration curves for ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene by HS-PDE combined with GC/MS were excellent having $r^2$ values greater than 0.99 at the dynamic range of 6.06~3500 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) showed very low values. This method exhibited good precision and accuracy. The overall extraction efficiency of this method was evaluated by using partition coefficients ($K_p$) and concentration factors (CF) for several characteristic components from nutmeg and mace. Partition coefficients were in the range from $2.04{\times}10^4$ to $4.42{\times}10^5$, while CF values were 0.88-15.03. HS-PDE was applied successfully for the analysis of flavors compositions from nutmeg, mace and cumin. The HS-PDE method is a very promising sampling technique for the characterization of volatile flavors.