• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2012

The Korean diet, including breakfast, is becoming more Western, which could increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to assess whether breakfast patterns are associated with risk for metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The study subjects (n=371; 103 men, 268 women) were employees of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances, and all subjects were between 30 and 50 years old. The data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, three-day food intake, blood pressure (BP) and blood analyses. The three breakfast patterns identified by factor analysis were "Rice, Kimchi and Vegetables", "Potatoes, Fruits and Nuts" and "Eggs, Breads and Processed meat". The "Rice, Kimchi and Vegetables" pattern scores were positively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements in men (P<0.05) and with serum triglyceride (TG) levels in women (P<0.05). The "Eggs, Breads and Processed meat" pattern scores correlated positively with weight, body mass index (P<0.05) and serum TGs (P<0.01) in men. The "Potatoes, Fruits and Nuts" pattern was associated with lower risk of elevated BP (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.88) and fasting glucose levels (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26-1.00). In contrast, the "Eggs, Breads and Processed meat" pattern was associated with increased risk of elevated TGs (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.06-3.98). Our results indicate that reducing the consumption of eggs, western grains and processed meat while increasing fruit, nut and vegetable intake for breakfast could have beneficial effects on decreasing metabolic syndrome risk in Korean adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.666-672
• /
• 2017

Our research team is developing a 6-DOF manipulator for narrow workspaces in press forming processes, such as placing PEM nuts on the bottom of a chassis. In this paper, kinematic analysis was performed for the position control of the manipulator, along with structural analyses for position accuracy with different payloads. First, the Denavit-Hatenberg (DH) parameters are defined, and then the forward and backward kinematic equations are presented using the DH parameters. The kinematic model was verified by visual simulation using Coppelia Robotics' virtual robot experimentation platform (V-REP). Position accuracy analysis was performed through structural analyses of deflection due to self-weight and deflection under full payload (5 kgf) in fully opened and fully folded states. The maximum generated stress was 22.05 MPa in the link connecting axes 2 and 3, which was confirmed to be structurally safe when considering the materials of the parts.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.341-344
• /
• 2008

We investigated the responses of red squirrels to pine nuts (Pinus koraiensis) treated with Lithium Chloride (LiCl) and the potential of the chemical for inducing conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in red squirrels. In red squirrels, nut feeding declined dramatically during the first 4 days after feeding with LiCl-treated nuts. The ratio of LiCl-treated nuts eaten to total nuts eaten declined from the $1^{st}$ day in LC-1 and the $2^{nd}$ day in LC-2, along with a general reduction in quantity eaten. Thus, feeding with LiCl-treated nuts induced CTA from the 2nd day after feeding, and CTA remained constant until the $4^{th}$ day, but disappeared on the $5^{th}$ day. The squirrels ate an average of $757.0{\pm}106.1mg$ (n = 2, range $682.0\sim832.0$) of LiCl before dying on the $16^{th}$ day of the study. The lethal dose of LiCl was 2.32 mg LiCl/g body weight, and the average amount of LiCl needed to induce CTA was $23.0{\pm}4.24mg$ (20 mg in LC-1 and 26 mg in LC-2).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.233-245
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary habits and nutrient intakes on skin condition of female university students. The subjects were 95 female university students in Daegu. This study examined anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, food intake habits and skin condition (moisture, elasticity, sebum (U-zone, T-zone), pores, evenness and melanin pigmentation. The subjects in this study had an average age of 21.4, an average height and weight of 161.2 cm and 52.9 kg, respectively, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 20.3 $kg/m^2$. The means of skin elasticity, pores, evenness, and melanin pigmentation were within the normal range of women in their 20s and the skin moisture state was slightly lower than the normal range, which showed a dry tendency. The sebum in the U-zone and the T-zone was lower than the standard values, which showed less secretion in both areas. The subjects with high nut intake showed a better skin pore state (p < 0.05). Those with a high intake of instant foods showed a sig-nificantly low skin moisture and a significantly higher sebum rate (p < 0.05). The group with high skin elasticity and the group with less melanin pigmentation showed a significantly low animal protein intake (p < 0.05). The group with high skin elasticity also showed a significantly higher vitamin A and niacin intakes as well (p < 0.05). The group with high skin evenness showed a significantly lower animal lipid intake and a significantly higher vitamin E intake (p < 0.05). In addition, those with high skin elasticity and evenness as well as low melanin pigmentation showed a tendency of high intake of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C or vitamin E. In summary, a moderate intake of plant-based products and also the antioxidant vitamins within such products seems to have a beneficial effect on maintaining a healthy and good skin condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.580-584
• /
• 1997

To overcome the problems of classical pulmonary banding procedure, we developed a percutaneously adjustable pulmonary artery ba ding device. The banding device consists of banding portion of zig-zag shaped self-expandable stainless steel wire, shaft portion made by a polyvinyl catheter and a screw adjuster which includes a bolt and a nut. As the screw moves, the diameter of banding portion changes. Four Mongrel dogs ranging from 15 kg to 20 kg in weight underwent the banding of the mid portion of descending aorta with this devices through the left thoracotomy. One month after operation, we evaluated the pressure changes by controling the banding with the devices and then the dogs were sacrificed to study the microscopic changes in the aorta. The diameter and circumference of the band could be easily and finely adjustable by the screw control. The pressure recordings . revealed a linear increase and decrease in pressure gradient according to percutaneous ad;ustment of the banding device. Since the banding device can be easily placed and simply adjusted percutaneously, we hope the banding device may be applicab e clinically to improving the safety of pulmonary artery banding and debanding procedures in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.315-325
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to develop the standard breakfast menu for those weak groups having insufficient breakfast intake. The following three target groups are classified as: 16-19 years old high school male student, 20-29 years old female who have job or college students, 20-29 years old male or female who have job (double income family). While developing menus for each target groups, we applied several basic guidelines for meal planning as follows: Nutrient intake level was set to $\graction one-Third$ of RDA, while the energy level to $\fraction one-quarter $ of RDAs. Most Sequent meal pattern of Koreans was adapted; Suitabilities of appropriate serving size and cost for middle-income families were considered; Domestic foods and ingredients were used. We developed 24 menus summed by 2 menus for each season and three target groups. When evaluating the menus, most of the breakfast menus were sufficient of nutrients as a meal for the subjects. Three food groups such as grain/starch group, meat/fish/egg/bean group, vegetable/fruit group were included in all menus. Even though milk/dairy products group was not excluded for some menus, other calcium substitutes like anchovies were used. Oil/nut/sugar group was used to a minimum. The average number of foods for each menu was 12.8, which ranged from 10 to 17 depending on the menus. The average weight of the menus including soup was 822 g, 633 g and 730 g for each target group, respectively. The average price of the menu ranged from 2,000 to 3,500 won per person. The above results could be applied at home as well as foodservice institutes and furthermore could offer information for developing breakfast-substituting food products.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 2003

Such fruits as nut persimmons, mandarin oranges and apples stored in the far-infrared radiated chamber at 5$^{\circ}C$ under 90% of relative humidity had been maintained in the fresh state for longer times than the control stored only in the cold chamber. Fruits stored in the far-infrared radiated chamber showed lower values in weight loss rate, microbial colony count and decay ratio and higher ascorbic acid content than the control stored only in the told room through the storage period. We confirmed that fruits stored in the far-infrared radiated chamber under low temperature and high humidity showed least changes in quality properties through the storage period and the far-infrared radiated facilities could be a good storage system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.638-644
• /
• 2006

Sixteen adult male buffaloes (average body weight $443{\pm}14kg$) were equally distributed into four groups in an experiment to study the effect of supplementary protein sources on energy utilization efficiency in buffaloes fed a wheat straw-based diet. The animals in the control group were offered a basal diet composed of 700 g deoiled ground nut cake and ad libitum wheat straw. Animals of other groups were offered 1.8 kg of soyabean meal (SBM), linseed meal (LSM) or mustard cake (MC) along with the basal diet. Protein supplementation increased the digestibility of DM (p<0.01), OM (p<0.01) CP (p<0.01) and CF (p<0.05). Maximum CP digestibility was observed on SBM, followed by LSM and MC when compared to the control. Total DMI and DOMI was significantly (p<0.01) higher in protein supplemented groups with no differences between treatment groups. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intake and N balance were significantly (p<0.01) different between the groups; maximum response was obtained with SBM supplementation, followed by LSM and MC. Faecal energy was significantly (p<0.01) lower in SBM and LSM groups in comparison to other groups. Methane production (% DEI) was significantly (p<0.05) lower on the SBM treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake increased significantly due to protein supplementation. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of animals in the MC group was less than LSM and SBM. Energy balance was increased significantly (p<0.01) due to protein supplementation and within supplement variation was also significant with maximum balance in SBM followed by LSM and MC groups. Protein supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased the digestibility and metabolizability of energy from whole ration. Metabolizable energy (ME) content (Mcal/kg DM) of SBM, LSM and MC was 4.49, 3.56 and 2.56, respectively. It was concluded that protein supplementation of wheat straw increased intake, digestibility and metabolizability of energy and maximum response could be obtained when soybean meal was used as a supplement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.4
• /
• pp.455-461
• /
• 2007

This research was processed on morphological and physical characteristics of 'Yongdong' cultivar nuts. (1)Morphological properties of 'Yongdong' cultivar nuts were significantly different from the control, native species, in respect of all properties. (2) 'Yongdong' cultivar nuts showed higher figures than the native species on 9 items of morphological properties (kernel weight, size, length and width of pad on suture and etc.), whereas other 6 items (height of pad on suture, thickness of shell and septem, fragment numbers of isolated kernel, roundness index, and etc.) showed lower figures than those of the control. (3) In physical properties of the nut shells, 'Yongdong' cultivar was superior to the control at all items with the exception of compressive prove distance. Accordingly, it was also verified as effective cultivar of shelled walnut with suture line direction applied the minimum strength. (4) 'Yongdong' cultivar, 21.9 kg, was approximately twice lower than the control, 42.6 kg, on maximum compressive weight. It was demonstrated that the 'Yongdong' cultivar characterized by easily crushing shell by small strength was great in cracking properties. (5) On the study of yield strength, the native species being twice higher than 'Yongdong' cultivar showed the properties of the small elasticity and the shell hardness. While, the suture line of 'Yongdong' cultivar having the lowest yield strength 15.6 kg and 16.0 kg was identified the shell crushed easily. (6) The movement distance of the compressive prove of 'Yongdong' cultivar, 4.2 mm, was longer than that of the control, 2.7 mm. Subsequently, it means that the amount of loss possibly occurring to distribution process was not great, whereby productive value was high. (7) The compressive strength of the suture line of 'Yongdong' cultivar, $9.1kg/cm^2$, was much lower than total average of that $12.4kg/cm^2$. It was also statistically different with other properties. (8)The hardness examination by the compressive position revealed that the suture line of 'Yongdong' cultivar, $149.8kg/cm^2$, was lowest in contrast with the control, $300.9kg/cm^2$.