• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 VOF 기법을 이용하여 3D 그레인 형상의 연소표면적을 계산하는 프로그램을 개발하고 연소표면적 결과를 이용하여 내탄도 성능해석을 수행하였다. 연소표면적 계산 수행 시 격자 크기, 난류화염속도, 단위 계산시간을 기초로 한 매개변수의 의존성을 확인하고, 상용 3D 모델링 소프트웨어를 이용하여 산출한 면적 결과와 비교하였다. 개발 프로그램으로 산출한 연소표면적 결과를 바탕으로 고체로켓모터의 내탄도 해석을 수행하였다. 임의의 추진제 조성으로 화학평형을 계산하고 시간에 따른 연소표면적 및 모터 내부 압력을 예측하였다. 웹(web) 연소 동안 평균 압력은 5.34 MPa 으로 기존 연구 결과와 약 20%의 차이를 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2016

This paper presents the details of Finite Element (FE) analysis carried out to determine the limiting deformation capacity and failure mode of Laced Steel-Concrete Composite (LSCC) beam, which was proposed and experimentally studied by the authors earlier (Anandavalli et al. 2012). The present study attains significance due to the fact that LSCC beam is found to possess very high deformation capacity at which range, the conventional laboratory experiments are not capable to perform. FE model combining solid, shell and link elements is adopted for modeling the beam geometry and compatible nonlinear material models are employed in the analysis. Besides these, an interface model is also included to appropriately account for the interaction between concrete and steel elements. As the study aims to quantify the limiting deformation capacity and failure mode of the beam, a suitable damage model is made use of in the analysis. The FE model and results of nonlinear static analysis are validated by comparing with the load-deformation response available from experiment. After validation, the analysis is continued to establish the limiting deformation capacity of the beam, which is assumed to synchronise with tensile strain in bottom cover plate reaching the corresponding ultimate value. The results so found indicate about $20^{\circ}$ support rotation for LSCC beam with $45^{\circ}$ lacing. Results of parametric study indicate that the limiting capacity of the LSCC beam is more influenced by the lacing angle and thickness of the cover plate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1359-1389
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• 2016

Buckling and free vibration behavior of a laminated cylindrical panel exposed to non-uniform thermal load is addressed in the present study. The approach comprises of three portions, in the first portion, heat transfer analysis is carried out to compute the non-uniform temperature fields, whereas second portion consists of static analysis wherein stress fields due to thermal load is obtained, and the last portion consists of buckling and prestressed modal analyzes to capture the critical buckling temperature as well as first five natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. Finite element is used to perform the numerical investigation. The detailed parametric study is carried out to analyze the effect of nature of temperature variation across the panel, laminate sequence and structural boundary constraints on the buckling and free vibration behavior. The relation between the buckling temperature of the panel under uniform temperature field and non-uniform temperature field is established using magnification factor. Among four cases considered in this study for position of heat sources, highest magnification factor is observed at the forefront curved edge of the panel where heat source is placed. It is also observed that thermal buckling strength and buckling mode shapes are highly sensitive to nature of temperature field and the effect is significant for the above-mentioned temperature field. Furthermore, it is also observed that the panel with antisymmetric laminate has better buckling strength. Free vibration frequencies and the associated mode shapes are significantly influenced by the non-uniform temperature variations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.275-304
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate the validity of transmitting boundaries in dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction problems. As a case study, the proposed Baghdad metro line is considered. The information about the dimensions and the material properties of the concrete tunnel and surrounding soil were obtained from a previous study. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of several parameters including the peak value of the horizontal component of earthquake displacement records and the frequency of the dynamic load. The computer program (Mod-MIXDYN) is used for the analysis. The numerical results are analyzed for three conditions; finite boundaries (traditional boundaries), infinite boundaries modelled by infinite elements (5-node mapped infinite element) presented by Selvadurai and Karpurapu, 1988), and infinite boundaries modelled by dashpot elements (viscous boundaries). It was found that the transmitting boundary absorbs most of the incident energy. The distinct reflections observed for the "fixed boundaries" disappear by using "transmitted boundaries". This is true for both cases of using viscous boundaries or mapped infinite elements. The type and location of the dynamic load represent two controlling factors in deciding the importance of using infinite boundaries. It was found that the results present significant differences when earthquake is applied as a base motion or a pressure load is applied at the surface ground. The peak value of the vertical displacement at nodes A, B, E and F (located at the tunnel's crown and side walls, and at the surface above the tunnel and at the surface 6.5 m away from tunnel's centre respectively) increases with the frequency of the surface pressure load for both cases 1 and 2 (traditional boundaries and mapped infinite elements respectively) while it decreases for case 3 (viscous boundaries). The modular ratio Ec/Es (modulus of elasticity of the concrete lining to that of the surrounding soil) has a considerable effect on the peak value of the horizontal displacement at node B (on the side wall of the tunnel lining) increase about (17.5) times, for the three cases (1, 2, and 3).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.261-276
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• 2019

The study investigates the free vibration of a nano-scale sandwich beam by an extended high order approach, which has not been reported in the existing literature. First-order shear deformation theory for steel skins and so-called high-order sandwich panel theory for the core are applied. Next, the modified couple stress theory is used for both skins and cores. The Hamilton principle is utilized for deriving equations and corresponding boundary conditions. First, in the study the three-mode shapes natural frequencies for various material parameters are investigated. Also, obtained results are evaluated for two types of stiff and soft cores and isotropic, homogenous steel skins. In the research since the governing equations and also the boundary conditions are nonhomogeneous, therefore some closed-form solutions are not applicable. So, to obtain natural frequencies, the boundary conditions are converted to initial conditions called the shooting method as the numerical one. This method is one of the most robust approaches to solve complex equations and boundary conditions. Moreover, three types of simply supported on both sides of the beam (S-S), simply on one side and clamp supported on the other one (S-C) and clamped supported on both sides (C-C) are scrutinized. The parametric study is followed to evaluate the effect of nano-size scale, geometrical configurations for skins, core and material property change for cores as well. Results show that natural frequencies increase by an increase in skins thickness and core Young modulus and a decrease in beam length, core thickness as well. Furthermore, differences between obtained frequencies for soft and stiff cores increase in higher mode shapes; while, the more differences are evaluated for the stiff one.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.167-180
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• 2023

This work applies a four-known quasi-3D shear deformation theory to investigate the bending behavior of a functionally graded plate resting on a viscoelastic foundation and subjected to hygro-thermo-mechanical loading. The theory utilizes a hyperbolic shape function to predict the transverse shear stress, and the transverse stretching effect of the plate is considered. The principle of virtual displacement is applied to obtain the governing differential equations, and the Navier method, which comprises an exponential term, is used to obtain the solution. Novel to the current study, the impact of the viscoelastic foundation model, which includes a time-dependent viscosity parameter in addition to Winkler's and Pasternak parameters, is carefully investigated. Numerical examples are presented to validate the theory. A parametric study is conducted to study the effect of the damping coefficient, the linear and nonlinear loadings, the power-law index, and the plate width-tothickness ratio on the plate bending response. The results show that the presence of the viscoelastic foundation causes an 18% decrease in the plate deflection and about a 10% increase in transverse shear stresses under both linear and nonlinear loading conditions. Additionally, nonlinear loading causes a one-and-a-half times increase in horizontal stresses and a nearly two-times increase in normal transverse stresses compared to linear loading. Based on the article's findings, it can be concluded that the viscosity effect plays a significant role in the bending response of plates in hygrothermal environments. Hence it shall be considered in the design.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2023

This study focuses on developing a building object recognition technology for efficient use in the remodeling of buildings constructed without drawings. In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, smart technologies are being developed. This research contributes to the architectural field by introducing a deep learning-based method for automatic object classification and recognition, utilizing point cloud data. We use a TD3D network with voxels, optimizing its performance through adjustments in voxel size and number of blocks. This technology enables the classification of building objects such as walls, floors, and roofs from 3D scanning data, labeling them in polygonal forms to minimize boundary ambiguities. However, challenges in object boundary classifications were observed. The model facilitates the automatic classification of non-building objects, thereby reducing manual effort in data matching processes. It also distinguishes between elements to be demolished or retained during remodeling. The study minimized data set loss space by labeling using the extremities of the x, y, and z coordinates. The research aims to enhance the efficiency of building object classification and improve the quality of architectural plans by reducing manpower and time during remodeling. The study aligns with its goal of developing an efficient classification technology. Future work can extend to creating classified objects using parametric tools with polygon-labeled datasets, offering meaningful numerical analysis for remodeling processes. Continued research in this direction is anticipated to significantly advance the efficiency of building remodeling techniques.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1081-1089
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 기존에 중유를 사용하는 상용보일러에서 오리멀젼 연료의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 소형 보일러에서 오리멀젼 연료의 기본적인 연소특성을 실험과 더불어 수치해석하였다. 오리멀젼의 주요 연소특성은 최고 화염온도가 버너로부터 $20{\sim}30\;cm 뒤쪽에 나타나는 화염지연현상과 비교적 넓게 분포하는 화염의 형태로 이는 오리멀젼 제조과정에서 포함된 높은 수분함량과 미세한 수부액적으로 이한 미소폭발 현상에 기인한다. 오리멀젼 연료의 연소특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 연료공급량, 무화유체의 종류, 그리고 계산에 사용된 현상학적인 복사모델과 같은 중요한 설계 및 운전인자에 대한 일련의 변수연구를 수행하였다. 연소특성인 최고 화염온도 지연현상은 연료공급 속도를 조절함으로써 어느 정도 저감시킬 수 있었으며 연소생성물로 CO와 $SO_2$ 그리고 NO가스의 연소로 내 발생특성을 평가하였다. 또한 무화용 유체로 증기를 사용하였을 경우 로내 연소상태는 무화용 공기에 비해 안정화 되고 고온영역이 감소되는 결과를 보였다. 일반적으로 본 연구에서 수행한 실험조건에 대한 수치해석 결과는 물리적으로 일관성 있는 결과를 제시하였으나 오염물질 생성농도에 대한 보다 정확한 예측을 위해서는 추후 현상학적인 모델개선을 필요로 한다. 결국 본 연구로부터 개발된 컴퓨터 프로그램은 기존의 상용화 중유 보일러에서 오리멀젼 연료로 대체 사용시 개선사항 및 유용한 운전 자료를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

Through-Silicon Via (TSV) 기술은 3차원 적층 패키징를 위한 핵심 기술로서 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 그러나 TSV 기술은 아직 다양한 공정상의 문제와 신뢰성 문제를 해결해야 하는 난제가 남아 있다. 특히 구리 비아(via)와 실리콘 기판의 큰 열팽창계수의 차이로 인한 열응력은 계면 박리, 크랙 발생, 구리 protrusion 등 다양한 신뢰성 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 구리 TSV 구조의 열응력을 수치해석을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 3차원 TSV 비아와 실리콘 기판의 응력 및 변형을 해석하였다. 비아의 크기, 비아와 비아 사이의 간격 및 비아의 밀도가 TSV 구조의 응력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 또한 어닐링(annealing) 온도 및 비아의 크기가 구리 protrusion에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 구리 TSV 구조의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해서는 적절한 비아와 비아 사이의 간격을 유지한 상태에서, 비아의 크기 및 비아의 밀도는 작아야 한다. 또한 구리 protrusion을 감소시키기 위해서는 비아의 크기 및 어닐링 공정과 같은 공정의 온도를 낮추어야 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 TSV 구조의 열응력과 관련된 신뢰성 이슈를 이해하고, TSV 구조의 설계 가이드라인을 제공하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

최근 상당기간과 공사비를 최소화할 수 있는 비정형 건축물의 설계와 시공이 새로운 기술로 구현되고 있다. 이는 비정형 건축물의 최적화 설계와 부재화를 통한 공장 생산 시스템과 현장 조립 및 설치 기술로 가능하다. 비정형 건축물의 구현을 위한 연구가 진행되어 왔으나 여전히 비정형 건축물 시공은 설계오류와 시공자의 도면이해 부족, 시공경험 및 공법의 부재 등으로 인하여 시공 품질과 공기, 공사비 증가 등의 잠재적 리스크를 포함하고 있다. 비정형 건축물의 시공품질 향상과 공기단축 및 시공비 상승의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 3D 디지털 설계와 제작 기술을 적용하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 비정형 구조물의 시공성을 고려한 3차원 디지털 설계 최적화 프로세스를 제안한다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 비정형 구조물의 구조검토, CNC(Computerized Numerical Control) 가공에 의한 부재의 정밀제작, 설치, 시공의 오차관리로 최적 시공의 근간이 되는 비정형 건축물 외피 시스템 구현을 위한 최적화 설계 프로세스를 제시한다.본 연구는 비정형 건축물을 구현한 사례를 살펴보고 디지털 설계 프로세스와 적용 프로그램을 살펴본다. 비정형 건축물의 설계도의 3D 디지털 데이터 구축과 디지털 최적화 구현 사례로 4대강 대표 물문화관(The ARC)을 중심으로 설계단계에서 적용된 최적화 기법을 순차적으로 분석하여 비정형 건축물의 3차원 좌표제어에 대한 방법론을 제시한다.