• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2010

The aims of this study were to develop the suitable "system software" in chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) for the food hazardous chemicals associated with environmental emission and to suggest the priority lists of food contamination by environmental-origined pollutants. Study materials were selected with reference to the priority pollutants list for environment and food management from domestic and foreign research and the number of study materials is 103 pollutants (18 heavy metals, 10 PBTs, 10 EDs, and 65 organic compounds). The Food-CRS-Korea system consisted of the environmental fate model via multimedia, transfer environment to food model, and health risk assessment by contaminated food intake. We have established that health risks of excess cancer risks, hazard quotients (HQs) by chronic toxicity and HQs by reproductive toxicity convert to score, respectively. The creditable scoring system was designed to consider uncertainty of quantitative risk assessment based on VOI (Value-Of-Information). The predictability of the Food-CRS-Korea model was evaluated by comparing the presumable values and the measured ones of the environmental media and foodstuffs. The priority lists based on emissions with background-level-correction are 15 pollutants such as arsenic, cadmium, and etc. The priority lists based on environmental monitoring date are 17 pollutants including DEHP, TCDD, and so on. Consequently, we suggested the priority lists of 13 pollutants by considering the several emission and exposure scenarios. According to the Food-CRS-Korea system, arsenics, cadmium, chromes, DEHP, leads, and nickels have high health risk rates and reliable grades.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.104-117
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined dietary and health characteristics of the young-old and the old-old by food security status. Methods: The study used data from the $6^{th}$ (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study subjects consisted of 3,948 subjects, of whom 2,445 were the young-old (aged 65 to 74 years) and 1,503 were the old-old (aged 75 years and over). Food security status was evaluated using an 18-item questionnaire. Energy intake, nutrient densities, and prevalence of insufficient nutrient intake were assessed. Food intake was evaluated in terms of the number of food group servings. Dietary behaviors and health status were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity among the young-old and the old-old was 10.0% and 11.6%, respectively. Among the young-old, the food insecure group had a significantly higher level of prevalence of insufficient intake for all the nutrients (protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous, and iron) assessed in this study compared with the food secure group. In case of the old-old, significant differences were found only for four nutrients (protein, riboflavin, niacin, and phosphorus) in the prevalence of insufficient nutrient intake between the food secure and the food insecure groups. Kinds of food groups with significantly different numbers of servings by food security status were dissimilar between the two age groups. In both the age groups, the food insecure group consumed a significantly lower number of servings in meat fish eggs legumes and fruits than the food secure group; grains and vegetables intake in the young-old and oils sweets intake in the old-old differed in the number of servings by food security status. Among the young-old, the prevalence of chewing difficulties in the food insecure group was significantly higher than that of the food secure group, while among the old-old, no significant differences were found by food security status. Conclusion: Dietary and health characteristics of the young-old and the old-old differed by food security status. Such differences were more apparent in the young-old than the old-old. Therefore, it is suggested that food and nutrition assistant programs should be designed with consideration of the differences.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2001

This survey was carried out to study the difference of nutrient intake, food behavior and health condition according to food intake diversity in the elderly(age 65 year over and 74 year under) in a local city. A diet survey with one day 24-recall method was used for 216 subjects(65 male & 151 female). Based on a food intake diversity examination, including an evaluation of KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score ; counts the number of food groups consumed daily from total five food groups(cereal, meat, vegetable, dairy, and oil groups)), Meal Balance(apply the KDDS at breakfast, lunch and dinner), and DVS(Dietary Variety Score ; total number of foods consumed), subjects were clustered according to food intake diversity. Food intake diversity patterns of male and female clusters were classified each into threes(Male-low group(24.6%), middle group(33.8%), and high group(41.5%)/Female low group(41.7%) middle group(37.1%), and high group(21.2%). The averages of KDDS, Meal Balance and DVS were 3.0, 7.5, 14.8 in the male middle group, and 4.5, 10.2, 25.7 in the male high group, 2.7, 6.3, 14.3 in the female low group, 4.0, 8.6, 18.0 in the female middle group, and 4.5, 10.5, 25.7 in the female high group respectively. The average dairy intake of nutrients below the RDA were energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$and niacin in the male low group, energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$in the male middle group and energy, Ca, Vitamin B$_2$in the male high group but a little. Also the female low group had intakes of all nutrients except Vitamin C, the middle group had intakes of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B$_2$, and the female high group had intakes of energy, Ca, Vitamin A below the RDA respectively. Food intake diversity increasing, nutrient intake, food behavior and health condition proved to be good. This study explored the usefulness of cluster analysis in identifying food intake diversity of three groups of the elderly in relation to their nutrient intake, food behavior and health conditions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Recaller app was developed to help individuals record their food intakes. This pilot study evaluated the usability of this new food picture application (app), which operates on a smartphone with an embedded camera and Internet capability. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults aged 19 to 28 years (23 males and 22 females) were assigned to use the Recaller app on six designated, nonconsecutive days in order to capture an image of each meal and snack before and after eating. The images were automatically time-stamped and uploaded by the app to the Recaller website. A trained nutritionist administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview 1 day after food images were taken. Participants' opinions of the Recaller app and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the number of images taken was analyzed and multivariate Poisson regression used to model the factors determining the number of images sent. RESULTS: A total of 3,315 food images were uploaded throughout the study period. The median number of images taken per day was nine for males and 13 for females. The survey showed that the Recaller app was easy to use, and 50% of the participants would consider using the app daily. Predictors of a higher number of images were as follows: greater interval (hours) between the first and last food images sent, weekend, and female. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study provide valuable information for understanding the usability of the Recaller smartphone food picture app as well as other similarly designed apps. This study provides a model for assisting nutrition educators in their collection of food intake information by using tools available on smartphones. This innovative approach has the potential to improve recall of foods eaten and monitoring of dietary intake in nutritional studies.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to assess the children's mean number of decayed or filled primary teeth in relation to their mother's oral health behavior and then to increase children's oral health. Methods : The 346 children and their mothers were selected for this study. The children were 4 or 7 years old in the 4 dental clinics in Busan and Kyungnam, Korea. Data were collected by examination on children and self-administrated questionnaire on their mothers. The questionnaire was surveyed mother's oral health behaviour and children experienced dental caries or not and the number of decayed or filled they had were used as outcome variables. Results : 1. The mother's education level affected children's dft index significantly(p<0.05), In the case of tooth brushing method of children, the group with circle teeth wipes shows the low dft index(p<0.01). 2. On the other hand the group with snack as food eaten between meals has high dft index(p<0.001). 3. The group with mother's visiting to dentist within recent 1 year, experience in removing plaque or willing to attend the oral health education show low dft index(p<0.05). The important variables affecting to dft index are experience with oral health education, tooth brushing guidance, replacement of toothbrushes, the kind of food eaten between meals, recent experience of plaque removal and willing to participating in the oral health class. Conclusions : This study showed that the mother's oral health behavior and concern play an important role for the prevention of preschooler's dental caries. Dental health education would be focused on the mothers, expecially for the practice of preventive behavior by preschools themselves.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Entrance Examinees' Eating Behavior on their health condition. The examinees for Chungbuk National university in 1992 were asked to fill out the questionnaire(The total number was 1054 ; 537 males, 517 females). The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, Crosstabs, Chi-square, t-test, one-way Anova, and Multiple Regression using SPSS/PC+ Program. The results are as follows. 1. Health condition due to an eating attitude: 1) As to health condition due to the food intake freguency, those who intaked fish or meat 3-5 days a week had the best heal th condition, but those who hardly intaked fish and meat or intaked them almost everyday had rather poor health condition. Those who intaked fried foods 1-2 days a week had the best health condition. The higher the freguency intaking such food or instant food was, the worse health condition was. 2) In view of health condition according to an eating attitude, it led to very good health condition to have breakfast & supper, to eat regularly, to select the nutritious foods, and to have a balanced diet. Overeating before sleeping and no meal or overeating before exam made their health very bad. Alcohol drinking & cigarrette smoking as favorite foods appeared significantly high in the boys. The more frequently they drinked alcohol and smoked cigarrette the worse their health condition was. Those who enjoyed milk, soya milk, and korean tea as favorite beverages had the better health condition than those who enjoyed coffee and soft drinks. 2. Influence of Eating Behavior on Health Condition. 1) The food intake freguency and the eating attitude influenced each other. The higher the score of food intake frequency was, the better the eating attitude appeared. 2) As a result of this study for eating behavior influencing on their health condition, the eating attitude influenced health condition, and the higher the eating attitude score was, the better heal th condition could be.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.554-562
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Study subjects in this cross-sectional study were recruited from four outpatient clinics in and near the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea between 2006 and 2012. A total of 668 subjects (413 men and 255 women) aged ${\geq}30y$ were included in the final data analyses. For each subject, daily nutrient intake and food consumption were calculated using three days of dietary intake data obtained from a combination of 24-hour recalls and dietary records. To evaluate food consumption, mean number of servings consumed per day and percentages of recommended number of servings for six food groups were calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The general linear model was performed to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by sex and the presence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Nutrient intake did not differ by the presence of metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Men with metabolic syndrome had lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for fruits compared with those without metabolic syndrome (1.6 vs. 1.1 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 63.5 vs. 49.5%, P-value = 0.013). Women with metabolic syndrome showed lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for dairy foods than those without metabolic syndrome (0.8 vs. 0.5 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 78.6 vs. 48.9%, P-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low intakes of fruits and dairy foods might be associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Dietary advice on increasing consumption of these foods is needed to prevent and attenuate the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1543-1552
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• 2019

Salmonella is a common zoonotic and foodborne pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study, we established and validated a polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay which targeted the conserved invasion gene (invA) of Salmonella by SYBR Green I indicator methods. Subsequently, assays for determination of the optimal conditions for optimal specificity and sensitivity of PSR were performed. We performed comprehensive evaluations using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR. A total number of 532 samples of daily food were analyzed by PSR. Twenty-seven bacterial strains were tested in the specificity assay, from which positive results were obtained only for 14-Salmonella strains. However, none of the 13 non-Salmonella strains was amplified. Similarly with LAMP and real-time PCR, the detection limit of the PSR assay was 50 CFU/ml. The PSR method was also successfully applied to evaluate the contamination with Salmonella in 532 samples of daily food, corroborating traditional culture method data. The novel PSR method is simple, sensitive, and rapid and provides new insights into the prevention and detection of foodborne diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2021

The number of vegans has increased rapidly due to religious and ethical beliefs, environmental concerns, health, etc. Also, as interest in healthy and safe food increases, the demand for organic products or nutrition-enhanced products is increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the selection attributes and purchasing behavior for protein-fortified and vegan snacks. It is anticipated that the results would find use as basic data for developing protein-fortified snacks for vegans that can meet consumer needs and derive marketing strategies. A survey was conducted on 140 consumers. According to the analysis of their purchase behavior, the number of people who had purchased high-protein snacks and vegan snacks was higher than those who did not have prior experience. The reasons for the purchase of protein fortified snacks included 'meal replacement' at 'offline-convenient store/supermarket'. Vegan snacks were purchased for 'ethical beliefs, health, environment' at 'offline-vegan restaurant, bakery'. Both snacks showed above-normal preferences. However, it is necessary to improve taste and flavor when developing these products as these were the factors that negatively impacted the preferences. The attributes were factorized into the 'showing off factor', 'sensory factor', 'credence factor', and 'functional factor' and the 'sensory factor' was considered the most important.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2020

Compared to other manufacturing industries, the food manufacturing industry has a relatively large number of women casualties compared to men, and the number is steadily increasing. The age of casualties is also increasing as the society enters into an aging society. This is also evident in the food manufacturing sector. Therefore, this study conducted a survey on the safety and health awareness of workers by age and gender at small workplaces in the food manufacturing industry. Among them, we would like to focus on elderly women workers and analyze their accident characteristics to suggest ways to reduce the accident rate.