• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2020

With the increase in industrialization and urbanization, scarcity of space for leisure life has become an important issue. Opportunities such as natural scenery and ecological experiences provided by waterfront spaces around streams are fundamental factors in the development of the community and creation of a hydrophilic park. In the past, on-site surveys have been conducted using human resources to quantify the number of river visitors, but the accuracy of the results was not sufficient owing to limitations in expenses, manpower, space, and time. In this study, to overcome this problem, we estimated the number of visitors using the location information related to hydrophilic parks. The study areas were Samrak Ecological Park and Daejeo Ecological Park located downstream of the Nakdong River. We compared and analyzed the pattern of the visitors by using the large communication data and the visiting pattern based on GPS location information. The GPS location information is based on Google Popular Times and Kakao visitor data. When the GPS location data were used, the pattern for weekday and weekend visitors was clearer than when the large communication data were used. Therefore, it is expected to be similar to the result of GPS location information if the number of visitors is extracted under the condition of precision of pCELL size and residence time of 30 minutes or more when using future communication big data. In addition, if revisions such as the Personal Information Protection Act are made to extract more accurate data, by estimating the number of visitors based on GPS data, more accurate indicators of the number of visitors can be derived.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-268
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• 2009

Wild silkmoths can be utilised sustainably in the production of silk as an income for resource-poor rural communities. However, attack by parasitoids and predators affect the quality of cocoons and quantity of raw silk produced. A laboratory experiment was undertaken to quantify the effect of parasitoids' (dipteran and hymenopteran) and predators' (ants) exit and ingress holes, respectively, on silk production. The mean number of shells required to produce fifty grams of raw silk was highest with cocoons parasitised by a dipteran and lowest with unattacked cocoons (but with moths already emerged). Degumming loss was highest in parasitised and lowest in unttacked cocoons, but both were not different from cocoons predated by ants. Shell weight was highest in unattacked cocoons, followed by hymenopteran-parasitised and predated cocoons, with the dipteran parasitized ones being the least. Single cocoon weight was greater in hymenopteran-parasitised and predated cocoons than the dipteran-parasitised and unattacked cocoons. Shell ratio or raw silk, floss and yarn weights were higher in unattacked than parasitised and predated cocoons. The total loss in raw silk attributable to attack by parasitoids and predators ranged between 17.4~31.2%. The results offer baseline information for assessment of economic losses in wild silk farming due to parasitoids and predators in the field.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.587-596
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• 2015

Obesity and diabetes arise from an intricate interplay between both genetic and environmental factors. It is well recognized that obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Yet, the exact mechanism of the connection between obesity and diabetes is still not completely understood. Metabolomics is an analytical approach that aims to detect and quantify small metabolites. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the application of metabolomics to the identification of disease biomarkers, with a number of well-known biomarkers identified. Metabolomics is a potent approach to unravel the intricate relationships between metabolism, obesity and progression to diabetes and, at the same time, has potential as a clinical tool for risk evaluation and monitoring of disease. Moreover, metabolomics applications have revealed alterations in the levels of metabolites related to obesity-associated diabetes. This review focuses on the part that metabolomics has played in elucidating the roles of metabolites in the regulation of systemic metabolism relevant to obesity and diabetes. It also explains the possible metabolic relation and association between the two diseases. The metabolites with altered profiles in individual disorders and those that are specifically and similarly altered in both disorders are classified, categorized and summarized.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2002

The intent of this study is to develop system dynamics model for assessment of organizational and human factors in nuclear power plant which can contribute to secure the nuclear safety. Previous studies are classified into two major approaches. One is engineering approach such as ergonomics and probability safety assessment(PSA). The other is social science approach such like sociology, organization theory and psychology. Both have contributed to find organization and human factors and to present guideline to lessen human error in NPP. But, since these methodologies assume that relationship among factors is independent they don't explain the interactions among factors or variables in NPP. To overcome these limits, we have developed system dynamics model which can show cause and effect among factors and quantify organizational and human factors. The model we developed is composed of 16 functions of job process in nuclear power, and shows interactions among various factors which affects employees' productivity and job quality. Handling variables such like degree of leadership, adjustment of number of employee, and workload in each department, users can simulate various situations in nuclear power plant in the organization side. Through simulation, user can get insight to improve safety in plants and to find managerial tools in the organization and human side. Analyzing pattern of variables, users can get knowledge of their organization structure, and understand stands of other departments or employees. Ultimately they can build learning organization to secure optimal safety in nuclear power plant.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2023

The main objective of pathologists is to achieve accurate lesion diagnoses, which has become increasingly challenging due to the growing number of pathological slides that need to be examined. However, using digital technology has made it easier to complete this task compared to older methods. Digital pathology is a specialized field that manages data from digitized specimen slides, utilizing image processing technology to automate and improve analysis. It aims to enhance the precision, reproducibility, and standardization of pathology-based researches, preclinical, and clinical trials through the sophisticated techniques it employs. The advent of whole slide imaging (WSI) technology is revolutionizing the pathology field by replacing glass slides as the primary method of pathology evaluation. Image processing technology that utilizes WSI is being implemented to automate and enhance analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are being developed to assist pathologic diagnosis and detection and segmentation of specific objects. Application of AI-based digital pathology in biomedical researches is classified into four areas: diagnosis and rapid peer review, quantification, prognosis prediction, and education. AI-based digital pathology can result in a higher accuracy rate for lesion diagnosis than using either a pathologist or AI alone. Combining AI with pathologists can enhance and standardize pathology-based investigations, reducing the time and cost required for pathologists to screen tissue slides for abnormalities. And AI-based digital pathology can identify and quantify structures in tissues. Lastly, it can help predict and monitor disease progression and response to therapy, contributing to personalized medicine.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.3831-3851
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• 2015

This paper is concerned with the problem of joint resource allocation and user-pairing in virtual MIMO SC-FDMA systems to improve service quality of experience (QoE). No-reference logarithmic model is introduced to quantify service experience for each user and the objective is to maximize sum of all user's mean of score (MOS). We firstly formulate the optimal problem into an S-dimensional (S-D) assignment problem. Then, to solve this problem, the modified Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is deduced to obtain the suboptimal result of joint user-paring and subchannel allocation. The merits of this solution are as follows. First, the gap between its results and the global optimal one can be quantified and controlled by balancing the complexity and accuracy, which merit the other suboptimal algorithms do not have. Secondly, it has the polynomial computational complexity and the worst case complexity is O(3LN³), where L is the maximum iteration time and N is the number of subchannels. Simulations also prove that our proposed algorithm can effectively improve quality of experience and the gap between our proposed and the optimal algorithms can be controlled below 8%.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and post-extraction bleeding and to quantify bleeding risk in patients receiving DOACs. Materials and Methods: The study included 293 patients who were taking DOACs and underwent tooth extraction (414 teeth). The patients were divided into those who had the extraction while taking DOACs and those who discontinued DOACs before the extraction. Bleeding complications were recorded and compared between the patient groups and types of DOACs. Results: Of the 293 patients, 12 patients (6.9%) had post-extraction bleeding. Post-extraction bleeding occurred in 12 of the 414 tooth extraction sites. Among the 246 patients who underwent dental extraction while continuing DOAC therapy, 12 patients (8.5%) had post-extraction bleeding. Among the 47 patients who underwent dental extraction after discontinuing the administration of DOACs, none reported post-extraction bleeding. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with post-extraction bleeding between the two groups (P=0.122). Conclusion: Continuing DOAC therapy during dental extraction does not increase post-extraction bleeding tendency. These results are consistent with those of previous studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2024

Muscle disorders arise from genetic factors or other external environmental influences, leading to muscle loss and decreased strength. Muscle disease is closely related to age, and with the global progression of aging, there is increasing interest in the prevention and treatment of muscle diseases among the elderly population. Muscles release various substances during contraction and relaxation when exercising, and growth and differentiation are enhanced. Similar effects can be achieved by vibration stimulations of specific frequencies. To examine the response of muscle cells to vibration stimuli, an in vitro vibration device capable of setting various frequencies and amplitudes was developed for use with a 6-well plate. In vitro vibrational stimulation was applied to C2C12 myoblasts to quantify the growth and differentiation of myoblasts, as well as cell apoptosis. 10 Hz vibrational stimuli resulted in increases in ERK signaling and decreases in cell death. Moreover, an increase in the number of exposures to vibration promoted cellular differentiation. In conclusion, 10 Hz vibrational stimuli have the potential to increase muscle growth and differentiation and reduce apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.spc1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2003

Solar flares present a number of radiative characteristics indicative of kinetic processes of high energy particles. Proper understanding of the kinetic processes, however, relies on how well we can separate the acceleration from transport characteristics. In this paper, we discuss microwave and hard X-ray bursts as a powerful tool in investigating the acceleration and transport of high energy electrons. After a brief review of the studies devoted to the kinetic process of solar flare particles, we cast them into a simple formulation which allows us to handle the injection, trap, and precipitation of flare electrons self-consistently. The formulation is then taken as a basis for interpreting and analyzing a set of impulsive and gradual bursts occurred on 2001 April 6 observed with the Owens Valley Solar Array, and HXT/WBS onboard Yohkoh satellite. We quantify the acceleration, trap, and precipitation processes during each burst in terms of relevant time scales, and also determine ambient density and magnetic field. Our result suggests that it should be the acceleration property, in particular, electron pitch angle distribution, rather than the trap condition, that is mainly responsible for the distinctive properties of the impulsive and gradual flares.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.261-281
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• 2020

Civil structures may experience progressive deterioration and damage under environmental and operational conditions over their service life. Finite element (FE) model updating method is one of the most important approaches for damage identification in structures due to its capabilities in structural health monitoring. Although various damage detection approaches have been investigated on structures, there are limited studies on large-sized space structures. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the applicability and efficiency of sensitivity-based FE model updating framework for damage identification in large space structures from a distinct point of view. This framework facilitates modeling and model updating in large and geometric complicated space structures. Considering sensitivity-based FE model updating and vibration measurements, the discrepancy between acceleration response data in real damaged structure and hypothetical damaged structure have been minimized through adjusting the updating parameters. The feasibility and efficiency of the above-mentioned approach for damage identification has finally been demonstrated with two numerical examples: a flat double layer grid and a double layer diamatic dome. According to the results, this method can detect, localize, and quantify damages in large-scaled space structures very accurately which is robust to noisy data. Also, requiring a remarkably small number of iterations to converge, typically less than four, demonstrates the computational efficiency of this method.