• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.117-141
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• 2003

This study is to identify the efficiency in Busan social welfare agencies between input factors and output factors. For this purpose, gathered are the 2001 services reports of those study agencies. This study used 4 difference model, model 1; comparing input factor(social worker number & labor cost) about output factor(the total number of program used person), model 2; comparing input factor(the total number of social welfare agencies staff & the total working expenses) about output factor(the total number of program used person), model 3; comparing input factor(the total number of volunteer, social welfare agencies staff & a period of operation) about output factor(the total number of program used person), model 4; comparing input factor(the total number of volunteer, social welfare agencies staff, a period of operation & the total working expenses) about output factor(the total number of program used person). Charnes's study(1978) provided an analytical tool for efficiency services output of non-profit organizations, and DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) was a analytical framework for evaluating the impact of social service outcome. the finding are as follows : (1) In the results of comparing 4 models as same standard, we can find 35-55%(16-25) efficiency agencies among the 45 social welfare agencies. (2) For all DMU becoming the efficiency 1 to standard of output factor, model 1; 33 agencies are increasing the social worker number($\Delta$0.8 number), 10 agencies are raising the labor cost of social worker($\Delta$1,189,000 Won), model 2; 30 agencies are increasing the total number of social welfare agencies staff($\Delta$1.25 number), 14 agencies are raising the total working expenses($\Delta$1,447,000 Won), model 3; 8 agencies are increasing the total number of social welfare agencies staff($\Delta$2.26 number), 14 agencies are increasing the total number of volunteer($\Delta$52 number), and 10 agencies are increasing a period of operation($\Delta$13 month), model 4; 24 agencies are increasing the total number of social welfare agencies staff($\Delta$1.8 number), 12 agencies are raising the total working expenses($\Delta$5,017,000 Won), 12 agencies are increasing the total number of volunteer($\Delta$43.2 number), and 23 agencies are increasing a period of operation($\Delta$16 month).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 1982

Several mines in Jeonnam produce the ores of having high SK number of refractoriness. Among those for 5 mines, this paper deals with the relationahip between SK number and mineral composition of the ore, and with the genesis of the deposits. 1. Byok-Song and Chon-Un Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiastolite, chloritoid(monoclinic), kaolinite, sericite, diaspore, corundum, and quartz. The ores having SK number of 36 or 37, consist chiefly of chiastolite and diaspore and a little amount of kaolinite, sericite, corundum, chloritoid, and quartz. The ores having SK number of 33 or 34 consist of chloritoid, sericite, kaolinite, chiastolite, and diaspore. With increasing the amount of chloritoid and sericite, and decreasing the amount of diaspore and chiastolite, the SK number of the ores decreases. The deposit, originally high alumina-bearing shale of Chon-Un San formation, seems to be formed by contact metamorphism(forming of chiastolite), regional metamorphism(forming of monoclinic chloritoid), and hydrothermal replacement(forming of large crystal of diaspore veinlets). 2. Song-Sauk Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiefly pyrophyllite and quartz and a little amount of kaolinite, dickite, diaspore, and pyrite. Many spherical inclusions containing in pyrophyllite deposits, consist chiefly of diaspore and kaolinite, The inclusions have the high SK number of 38. Amount of spherical inclusions is about 5 % to the whole pyrophyllite ores. The SK number of other pyrophyllite ore is less than 32. Quartz and pyrite are chief minerals lowering the SK number of the ore. The deposits have been formed by hydrothermal processes by replacing the siliceous tuff of Mesozoic age. Spherical inclusions consisting of diaspore and kaolinite, show the selective replacement of hydrothermal solutions to the materials of feldspar in tuff. 3. Seung-San Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiefly kaolinite, dickite, diaspore, and quartz. But some part of the mine consists of alunite deposits. The ores having SK number of 35 or higher consist chiefly of kaolinite and diaspore and a little amount of quartz. With increasing the amount of quartz and decresing the amount of diaspore, the SK number of the ore decreases. The deposits have been formed by hydrothermal processes by replacing the siliceous tuff and quartz porphyry. 4. Wan-Do Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiefly pyrophyllite and quartz. But some ore contains a little amount of diaspore, kaolinite, pyrite, and chloritoid. The ores having high SK number of 36 consist chiefly of diaspore and pyrophyllite. Pyrophyllite ore has a SK number of 32 or lower. Amount of quartz and pyrite decreases the SK number of ores in this mine. Rhyolite was replaced by the action of hydrothermal solutions forming the pyrophyllite deposits.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2003

Purpose: The lymph node (N) classification in the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM staging system for gastric adenocarcinomas has been revised from the anatomic sites of metastatic lymph nodes to the number of metastatic lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper number of retrieved lymph nodes for applying the new TNM staging system. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 267 patients who had undergone a curative resection performed by one surgeon for gastric adenocarcinomas from March 1993 to December 1996 at Korea University Guro Hospital. We compared the old staging system to the new one and analyzed the number of retrieved and metastatic lymph nodes. We also analyzed the number of retrieved and metastatic lymph nodes according to the operative procedure and the extent of the lymphadenectomy, as well as the correlation of lymph-node metastasis to the number of retrieved lymph nodes. Results: The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was $34.27\pm14.18$, of those $6.85\pm6.24$ were metastatic. According to the extent of the lymphadenectomy, these numbers were $17.8\pm9.3\;and\;7.0\pm5.3$ in D1, $33.1\pm14.6\;and\;3.0\pm3.0$ in $D1+\alpha$, $33.9\pm13.8\;and\;7.5\pm6.2$ in D2, and $40.6\pm13.3\;and\;7.9\pm7.5$ in $D2+\alpha$. There was no correlation between the percentage of the specimen with positive lymph nodes and the number of retrieved lymph nodes, but a logistic regres sion analysis showed that the probability of lymph-node metastasis increased as the number of retrieved lymph nodes increased. Conclusion: The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was about 34. Although by logistic regression analysis, the probability of lymph-node metastasis increased as the number of retrieved lymph nodes increased, we failed to determine the minimum number of nodes retrieved during a lymphadenectomy needed for accurate staging in a gastric adenocarcinoma. Further study is required to identify the optimum number of lymph nodes that need to be retrieved.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

Purpose - Previous research has shown that a very high level and a very low level of job scope can both be more stressful than intermediate levels of job scope. This study investigates the potential positive and negative effects of the number of accounts handled by sales personnel. The primary objective of this paper is to examine how the number of accounts salespeople handle affects their stress and performance. Research design, data, and methodology - This research conducted the data collection using a survey of salespeople in the pharmaceutical industry. I sent the survey to 420 salespeople, and received 318 usable responses. To assess measurement reliability and validity, I ran an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. I also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test all hypothesized effects in AMOS and also measured the interaction variable using Ping's (1996) approach. Results - These results show that there are linear and non-linear effects of the number of accounts handled by the salesperson on both role ambiguity and role conflict. First, the number of accounts handled by a salesperson is positively related to role ambiguity and role conflict. Second, the effect of the number of accounts handled on role ambiguity and role conflict decreases as the number of accounts handled by the salesperson increases. Third, as accounts increase from a low level, role stress increases; when the number of accounts reaches an optimal level, role stress decreases; and when the number of accounts increases to a high level, it can be detrimental to the salesperson's role stress. Fourth, while product complexity is positively related to role ambiguity, brand strength is negatively related to both role ambiguity and role conflict. Fifth, the greater the brand strength, the weaker the relationship will be between the number of accounts handled and salesperson role ambiguity. Finally, role ambiguity is positively related to salesperson performance. Conclusion - Too much and too little accounts increase the role ambiguity and role conflict of salespersons. Managers should identify the complex effect of the number of accounts handled by salespeople. Also, when products are complex, managers should provide training to eliminate any complex processes and complex information. These results suggest ways to decrease salespersons' role stress by ensuring an optimal level of the number of accounts and brand strength.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.274-284
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of the number of births in Gwangju and the number of outpatients in Pediatric Dentistry at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital over the past 10 years (2010 - 2019) and predict the next year using time series analysis. The number of births showed an unstable downward trend with monthly variations, with the highest in January and the lowest in December. The average number of births in 2020 was predicted to be 682 (595 to 782, 95% CI), and the actual number of births was an average of 610. The number of outpatients was relatively stable, showing a month-to-month variation, with highest in August and the lowest in June. The average number of patients in 2020 was predicted to be 603 (505 to 701, 95% CI), and the average number of actual visits was 587. Despite the decrease in the number of births, the number of outpatients was expected to increase somewhat. Due to the special situation of COVID-19, the actual number of births and patients was to be slightly lower than the predicted values, but it was that they were within the predicted confidence interval. Time series analysis can be used as a basic tool to prepare for the low fertility era in the field of pediatric dentistry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.929-937
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• 2023

Human equivalent phantoms manufactured using 3D printers are cheaper and can be manufactured in a short time than conventional human phantoms. However, many phantoms are manufactured with less than 100 % of Infill Density, one of the 3D printer output setting variables. Therefore, this study compared the Bone Phantom CT number, which differs from the ratio of five Infill Density produced using a 3D printer, to the CT number of the actual human body Bone. In addition, the usefulness of the manufactured phantom was evaluated by producing a 100 % elbow joint phantom with Infill Density and setting the Infill Density to 100 % through CT number comparison for each tissue on computed tomography (CT). As a result, the Bone Phantom printed with 100 % Infill Density did not show the most statistically significant difference from the CT number value of the actual human Bone, and the CT number of each tissue did not show a statistically significant difference from the CT number value of each tissue of the actual human elbow joint.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.285-292
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• 2014

The commonly used Newton-Raphson's floating-point number divider algorithm performs two multiplications in one iteration. In this paper, a tentative K'th Newton-Raphson's floating-point number divider algorithm which performs K times multiplications in one iteration is proposed. Since the number of multiplications performed by the proposed algorithm is dependent on the input values, the average number of multiplications per an operation in single precision and double precision divider is derived from many reciprocal tables with varying sizes. In addition, an error correction algorithm, which consists of one multiplication and a decision, to get exact result in divider is proposed. Since the proposed algorithm only performs the multiplications until the error gets smaller than a given value, it can be used to improve the performance of a floating point number divider unit. Also, it can be used to construct optimized approximate reciprocal tables.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.32 no.1_2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2014

For a connected graph G = (V,E) of order at least two, a set S of vertices of G is a monophonic set of G if each vertex v of G lies on an x - y monophonic path for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of a monophonic set of G is the monophonic number of G, denoted by m(G). Certain general properties satisfied by the monophonic sets are studied. Graphs G of order p with m(G) = 2 or p or p - 1 are characterized. For every pair a, b of positive integers with $2{\leq}a{\leq}b$, there is a connected graph G with m(G) = a and g(G) = b, where g(G) is the geodetic number of G. Also we study how the monophonic number of a graph is affected when pendant edges are added to the graph.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.458-461
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• 2003

This paper presents a concept on seat assignment systems. The concept is based on the assumption that customers or passengers prefer to select seats at their own choosing and allowing them to do so would fragment remaining seats. This undesirable condition may make a group of people intending to be seated together unable to find a sufficient number of consecutive seats. The concept proposed is to set aside a number of seats when the map of available seats is shown for customer's selection. A number of functions are created to allot seats to be visible for choosing according to the number and locations of the remaining seats and the number in the group of the passengers. Passengers' preferences such as window or aisle seating, front seating are taken into accounts. A primitive example of seat assignment system of a Boeing 717 aircraft, assuming the number of passengers in a group being 1, 2 or 3, is given based on the concept.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.257-263
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• 2001

Terminal paging is the process of determining the exact location of a particular mobile terminal. The paging cost is related to the number of paging cycles and the number of cells being polled by each cycle. In this paper, we first analyze the performance of various terminal paging strategies in terms of the number of polling cycles and the number of polling signals. Then we present a paging scheme which combines Shortest-Distance-First with movement history list. Simulation results show that the proposed paging scheme reduces the number of polling signals as well as the number of polling cycles.