• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2020

Purpose Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone health, controling cell proliferation or differentiation, strengthening immune function by controlling calcium metabolism in the body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to increase the risk of rickets, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Especially, South Korea is one of the highest population proportion of vitamin D deficiency. Accurate determination of levels of 25-OH-VitD or 25-OH-VitD3 in blood serum is required for the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. In this study, radioimmunoassay of 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 was performed and compared to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitamin D radioimmunoassay. Materials and Methods Serum 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. The interrelationship, reproducibility and population distribution rate were evaluated. In addition, the internal quality control was performed at Asan Medical Center from April 2017 to June 2019 and the result of external quality control (Interagency proficiency evaluation) of first and second half of 2018 hosted by the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology (KSNMT). Both tests were measured by same manufacturer's reagent. Results 25-OH-VitD showed a strong positive correlation on 97 samples, as 25-OH-VitD3 x 0.9 + 0.3 (R>0.9). In repeated measurement, the average Diff(%) value of the reproducibility evaluation of 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 were 7.7% and 7.4%, respectively. Population distribution results showed no statistically significant differences(p>0.05). The resultant value of internal quality control, which measured from April, 2017 to June 2019 in Blood test room of Nuclear Medicine at Asan Medical Center, showed average (CV%) 6.2% and 6.8%, respectively. As a result of the external quality control (interagency proficiency evaluation) Z value obtained under 2.0, as shown below; Conclusion The interrelationship, reproducibility, population distribution rate, internal quality control and external quality control between 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 radioimmunoassay shows superior outcome. Radioimmunoassay, which can be alone measured in the blood as 25-OH-VitD or 25-OH-VitD3, is considered suitable screening tests for the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.747-758
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• 2002

The skin displays a highly active metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Dietary deficiency of linoleic acid (LA), an 18-carbon (n-6) PUFA, results in characteristic scaly skin disorder and excessive epidermal water loss. Although arachidonic acid (AA), a 20-carbon (n6) PUFA, is metabolized via cyclooxygenase pathway into predominantly prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, the metabolism of AA via the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) pathway, which is very active in skin epidermis and catalyzes the transformation of M into predominantly 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE). Additionally, the 15-LOX also metabolizes the 18-carbon LA into 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HODE), respectively. Interestingly, 15-LOX catalyzes the transformation of $dihomo-{\gamma}-linolenic$ acid (DGLA), derived from dietary gamma-linolenic acid, to 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15S-HETrE). These monohydroxy fatty acids are incorporated into the membrane inositol phospholipids which undergo hydrolytic cleavage to yield substituted-diacylglycerols such as 13S-HODE-DAG from 13S-HODE and 15S-HETrE-DAG from 15S-HETrE. These substituted-monohydroxy fatty acids seemingly exert anti-inflammatory/antiproliferative effects via the modulation of selective protein kinase C as well as on the upstream/down-stream nuclear MAP-kinase/AP-1/apoptotic signaling events.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.188-190
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• 2008

In east Asia, the leaves of various Sasa species have been used in folk medicine for centuries. The effects of the methanolic extract and its subsequent fractions derived from the leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai on cell proliferation in human leukemia HL-60 cells were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction of this extract (ESQL) significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner ($0-250\;{\mu}g/mL$). ESQL ($IC_{50}=24.8\;{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited growth inhibition comparable to the main constituent of green tea, epigallocatechin ($IC_{50}=26.2\;{\mu}g/mL$), which was used as a positive control. ESQL treatment induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by the presence of nuclear condensation and annexin V-staining. These results demonstrate that ESQL contains chemopreventive phytochemicals that may be useful in neutraceutical applications.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.21-31
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• 1988

The effect of capsaicin on the toxicity of ethanol in mice were studied. Capsaicin was administered i.p. every other day for 4 weeks and 5% ethanol was provided ad libitum by tap water for 4 weeks. The administration of capsaicin 3.0 mg/kg showed the increase of body weight gain, ratio of liver wt./body wt., s-GPT. s-triglyceride and s-cholesterol, and showed the decrease of BUN as compared to control group. Capsaicin administered 3.0 mg/kg showed severe moth eaten appearance. eosinophilic necrosis and cholangitis in mouse liver The administration of 5% ethanol showed the decrease of body weight gain, ratios of liver, kidney and spleen wt./body wt., s-tryglyceride and s-cholestrol. Ethanol administered 5% solution showed little fatty change, moth eaten appearance, Kupffer cell proliferation, spotty necrosis and nuclear regeneration. The administration of capsaicin and ethanol together decreased the influence of ethanol on body weight gain, ratios of liver, kidney and spleen wt./body wt., s-triglyceride and s-cholesterol, and showed the less severe moth eaten appearance, eosinophilic necrosis and cholangitis. It might be concluded that the administration of capsaicin and ethanol together decreased the toxicity caused by capsaicin or ethanol respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.425-426
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• 2018

As highly conserved signaling cascades of multicellular organisms, Wnt and Hippo pathways control a wide range of cellular activities, including cell adhesion, fate determination, cell cycle, motility, polarity, and metabolism. Dysregulation of those pathways are implicated in many human diseases, including cancer. Similarly to ${\beta}-catenin$ in the Wnt pathway, the YAP transcription co-activator is a major player in Hippo. Although the intracellular dynamics of YAP are well-known to largely depend on phosphorylation by LATS and AMPK kinases, the molecular effector of YAP cytosolic translocation remains unidentified. Recently, we reported that the Dishevelled (DVL), a key scaffolding protein between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway, is responsible for nuclear export of phosphorylated YAP. The DVL is also required for YAP intracellular trafficking induced by E-cadherin, ${\alpha}-catenin$, or metabolic stress. Note that the p53/LATS2 and LKB1/AMPK tumor suppressor axes, commonly inactivated in human cancer, govern the reciprocal inhibition between DVL and YAP. Conversely, loss of the tumor suppressor allows co-activation of YAP and Wnt independent of epithelial polarity or contact inhibition in human cancer. These observations provide novel mechanistic insight into (1) a tight molecular connection merging the Wnt and Hippo pathways, and (2) the importance of tumor suppressor contexts with respect to controlled proliferation and epithelial polarity regulated by cell adhesion.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 1998

Infectious mononucleosis(IM) Is an acute self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV), with the characteristic triad of fever, sore throat, and cervical or generalized lymphadenopathy. And also there are atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Cytological findings of IM lymphadenitis are characterized by a florid immunoblastic and atypical lymphoid cell proliferation. However, the small number of cases were studied by fineneedle aspiration cytology(FNAC) even though there was a complexity of lymph node pathology. It is important to recognize the reactive pattern of IM that would initiate EBV study and to avoid unnecessary biopsy We studied findings of lymph node FNAC from 4 patients with EBV infection confirmed by EBV-specific serologic studios. All of the cases were positive for viral capsid antigen(VCA) and one case was positive for anti-EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA). Cytologically, all of the cases exhibited high cellularity and atypia with great numbers of large immunoblastic lymphocytes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 2004

Quercetin is a dietary anticancer chemical that is capable of inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. However, little is known about its biological effect in nonmalignant hepatic cells. Using embryonic normal hepatic cell line (BNL CL.2) and its SV40-transformed tumorigenic cell line (BNL SV A.8), we evaluated the effects of quercetin on cell proliferation and apoptosis. As the results, our present study demonstrated that quercetin had a selective growth inhibition in normal versus tumorigenic hepatic cells such that BNL SV A.8 cells were very sensitive to the quercetin-mediated cytotoxicity. In particular, as evidenced by the increased number of positively stained cells in the TUNEL assay, the induction of characteristic nuclear DNA ladders, and the migration of many cells to sub-G1 phase in the BNL SV A.8 cells, quercetin treatment more sensitively induced apoptosis in BNL SV A8 cells than in BNL CL.2 cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that quercetin can be approached as a potential agent that is capable of inducing selective growth inhibition and apoptosis of hepatic cancer cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2003

A new series of highly water soluble platinum(II) complexes[Pt(II)(DL-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate)(trans-l-1,2-dimninocyc1ohexane)] (PC-1) and [Pt(II)DL-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate](cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)](PC-2) were synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared(IR), $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. In vitro antitumor activity of new Pt(II)complexes was tested against MKN-45, MKN/ADM and MKN/CDDP human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines using colorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay for cell survival and proliferation. PC-1 and PC-2 showed active against MKN-45/P, MKN/ADM and MKN/CDDP human gastric cancer cell lines, and the antitumor activity of these compounds were comparable or superior to that of cisplatin. The nephrotoxicities of PC-1 and PC-2 were found quite less then that of cisplatin using MTT and [$^3H$] thymidine uptake tests in rabbit proximal tubule cells, human kidney cortical cells human renal cortical tissues. Based on these results, these novel platinum(II) complex compounds(PC-1 ＆ PC-2) represent a valuable lead in the development of the new anticancer chemotherapeutic agents capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of viable bifidobacteria and non-digestible carbohydrates on the cecal pH, colonic neoplastic lesion (aberrant crypt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index in carcinogen-treated mts. Animals received s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (15 mg/kg body weight) twice 3 days apart. Three days after the second carcinogen administration, the treatments were begun. 1he treatments were basal diet (AIN-76) with skim milk (Basal/skim), or the following diets with daily gavage of $10^8$ bifidobacteria: basal (Basal/bifido), $2\%$ fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS/bifido), $2\%$ soybean oligosaccharide (SBO/bifido), $2\%$ wheat bran oligosaccharide (WBO/bifido) and $8.4\%$ wheat bran (WB/bifido). After 4 weeks of treatment, cecal pH was measured using a pH probe. The number of aberrant crypt (AC), aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and crypt multiplicity were enumerated and colonic PCNA labeling index was determined using immunohistochemistry. Cecal pH was significantly reduced in SBO/bifido and FOS/bifido groups compared to control group. However, there were no significant differences in either number of AC or rates of cell proliferation as shown by PCNA labeling index among the groups, although mts fed FOS/bifido reduced the numbers of ACF compared to Basal/skim group. The SBO/bifido group did not reduce the number of ACF or PCNA labeling index. Also, other oligosaccharides did not reduce the risk of colon cancer compared to control group. The concomitant reduction of cecal pH and number of ACF suggest that the combination of bifidobacteria and FOS may reduce the risk of colon cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6627-6632
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study concerns molecular mechanisms involved in induction of apoptosis by a fungal taxol extracted from the fungus Cladosporium oxysporum in T47D human breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Apoptosis-induced by the fungal taxol was assessed by MTT assay, nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry and pro- as well as anti-apoptotic protein expression by Western blotting. Results: Our results showed inhibition of T47D cell proliferation with an $IC_{50}$ value of $2.5{\mu}M/ml$ after 24 h incubation. It was suggested that the extract may exert its anti-proliferative effect on human breast cancer cell line by suppressing growth, arresting through the cell cycle, increase in DNA fragmentation as well as down-regulation of the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax, cyt-C and caspase-3. Conclusions: We propose that the fungal taxol contributes to growth inhibition in the human breast cancer cell through apoptosis induction via a mitochondrial mediated pathway, with possible potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent.