• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 2012

We performed phylogenetic analyses of a total of 21 acessions covering 5 species in the Korean Trigonotis and one outgroup species using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast rbcL, matK, ndhF sequences. Outgroup were chosen from the closely related genus Lithospermum zollingeri. Both parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the group. The evidence collected indicated that phylogenetic relationships among Korean Trigonotis species are unresolved based on nuclear marker (ITS), as the same as based on separated chloroplast sequences. While the phylogenetic relationships of Korean Trigonotis species almost clearly were resolved in combined chloroplast sequences. Thus, the members of Trigonotis coreana can be distinguished to the members of Trigonotis peduncularis in combined cpDNA sequences and Trigonotis nakaii was treated as a synonymed to Trigonotis radicans var. sericea. In addition, the MP and BI analysis showed Trigonotis icumae as sister of the remained Korean Trigonotis species based on combined molecular markers (BI: PP = 1).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The $NAD^+$ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a type of vitamin $B_3$ found in cow's milk and yeast-containing food products such as beer. Recent studies suggested that NR prevents hearing loss, high-fat diet-induced obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondrial myopathy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NR on inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: A subset of hepatocytes was treated with palmitic acid (PA; $250{\mu}M$) for 48 h to induce hepatocyte steatosis. The hepatocytes were treated with NR ($10{\mu}M$ and 10 mM) for 24 h with and without PA. The cell viability and the levels of sirtuins, inflammatory markers, and mitochondrial markers were analyzed. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity of NR was examined by PrestoBlue assay. Exposure to NR had no effect on cell viability or morphology. Gene expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirt3 was significantly upregulated by NR in PA-treated hepatocytes. However, Sirt1 activities were increased in hepatocytes treated with low-dose NR. Hepatic pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were decreased in NR-treated cells. NR upregulated anti-inflammatory molecule adiponectin, and, tended to down-regulate hepatokine fetuin-A in PA-treated hepatocytes, suggesting its inverse regulation on these cytokines. NR increased levels of mitochondrial markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, uncoupling protein 2, transcription factor A, mitochondrial and mitochondrial DNA in PA-treated hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that NR attenuated hepatic inflammation and increased levels of mitochondrial markers in hepatocytes.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.129.1-129
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.182-187
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• 2004

Strain NR $15-1^T$ isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk is described as a new species and named as Aspergillus coreanus NR $15-1^T$ sp. novo Strain NR $15-1^T$ grew rapidly to form yellow-green colonies whose surfaces were velvety on Czapek solution agar. Conidial heads were yellow to light and elliptical, whereas the conidiophore was colorless and typically long. In addition, vesicles were from flask-shaped to globose, and sterigmata are uniseriate. Conidia were spherical and deep yellow-green, and their surfaces were lightly roughened. The G＋C content of strain NR $15-1^T$ was 51 mol% and strain NR $15-1^T$contained a dihydrogenated ubiquinone with Q9 (94.9%) as a major quinone. The nucleotide sequences of strain NR $15-1^T$ in the two Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS 1 and 2) and 5.8S rDNA showed highest similarity when compared with that of A. tubingensis and A. phoenicis NRRL $365^T$. However, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this strain was different from A. tubingensis and A. phoenicis NRRL $365^T$. On the basis of the data presented, it is proposed that strain NR $15-1^T$ should be placed in the genus Aspergillus as a new species, Aspergillus coreanus sp. novo Therefore, the type strain of the new species is strain NR $15-1^T$ (=KCTC 18075P^T,=KCCM 80006^T$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.519-525
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• 2009

A bacterial strain (Strain N-08) capable of extracellularly producing high level of non-reducing oligosaccharide (NR-OS) isolated from soil. The strain was identified phylogenetically by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and found to be very close to Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. The high production of NR-OS was observed in the basal culture medium containing maltose as a sole carbon source. The NR-OS in culture supernatant was purified by glucoamylase treatment and Dowex-1 (OH.) ion exchange chromatography and its structure was characterized. This oligosaccharide consisted of only glucose. Methylation analysis indicated that this fraction was composed mainly of non-reducing terminal glucopyranoside. Matrixassisted laser-induced/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS analyses suggested that this oligosaccharide comprised non-reducing disaccharide unit with 1,1-glucosidic linkage. When this disaccharide was analyzed by $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, it gave the same signals with $\alpha$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,1)-$\alpha$-Dglucopyranoside. These results indicated that the NR-OS produced by A. crystallopoietes N-08 was ${\alpha}1$,${\alpha}1$-trehalose. This is the first report of the trehalose which can be produced directly from maltose by A. crystallopoietes N-08.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This work was performed to confirm the molecular discrimination through the nrITS1 sequences among 3 taxa of Scirpus L. sensu lato (s.l.) species. S. planiculmis represented only 2 base sequence variations with S. maritimus in spite that they showed different morphological features. The nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 region from S. planiculmis were shown to have 99.1% homology with S. maritimus and 60.4% homology with S. triqueter. Although the morphology of S. planiculmis is similar with S. triqueter, molecular basis of the size and sequences on ITS1 region were shown to have distinctive differences. For divergency investigation on same sites and metapopulation, sequencing was conducted on ITS1 region with partial 5.8S and 18S regions. All plants of each species collected at the same site had identical band size pattern and sequences. Intraspecific molecular divergency was not identified in spite that these species live in different wetland sites. The ITS1 sequences described here provided a powerful genetic tool for phylogenetic studies which was difficult by morphological identification as high rate of morphological plasticity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2014

The petal and sepal micromorphology of five species of Glechoma (Lamiaceae) was investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance, and a molecular phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Stomatal complexes were mostly found in the inner and outer part of the sepal from all investigated taxa, and the size length of the guard cell was variable among the taxa. Five types of trichomes (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, short-stalked capitate glandular trichome, long-stalked capitate glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were variable among the taxa as well as their distribution and density. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Glechoma was composed of three geographically distinct major monophyletic groups (Europe-U.S.A., China-Korea, Japan). G. longituba in Korea and China formed well-supported monophyletic group. G. hederacea in Europe and U.S.A. formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade with G. sardoa, which are endemic species in Italy, with G. hirsuta falling as a sister to this clade. However, G. grandis did not form any phylogenetic relationships with the remaining taxa. The ITS analyses provided taxonomic boundaries of taxa in Glechoma although the petal and sepal micromorphological characters provided weak evidences of the systematic value. As further studies, incorporating more DNA regions to the matrix including other additional morphological analysis will be significant to provide clearer taxonomic structure in Glechoma.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2018

Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber has been traditionally used to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and joint pain. The main constituents are diterpenoid alkaloids such as benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, mesaconitine, aconitine, and hypaconitine. In Korea, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber is officially defined as the tubers of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., A. ciliare Decasisne, and A. triphyllum Nakai. On the other hand, only the tuber of A. kusnezoffii is to be used in China. In order to identify the botanical origin of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber circulated in Korea, we analyzed 24 samples of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber obtained from local markets for comparative DNA analysis. The sequence analysis of nrRNA ITS 1 was useful to distinguish Aconitum species and revealed that the roots of A. karakolicum were circulated in Korean markets without discretion. HPLC quantitative analysis showed that aconitine was detected at the highest amount in A. karakolicum. Authentic diterpenoid alkaloids were coinjected for quantification of aconitine-type ingredients. All data were statistically grouped by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This study suggests that both molecular and chemical analyses should be utilized for the standardization and the quality control for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.119.1-119
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

This study was carried out to confirm the phylogenetic relationships in Korean Rhus species. Sequences from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and rbcL gene of chloroplast DNA were determined. Cotinus coggygria was selected as outgroup because it is closest allied with Rhus in Anacardiaceae. Also, ingroup was limited as six Korean Rhus species. ITS 1 sequences in six species of Rhus and one species of Cotinus ranged from 246 to 253 bp and ITS 2 sequences from 234 to 244 bp. Concerning the G+C content of the studied taxa, ITS 1 sequences ranged from 58.0 to 68.13% and ITS 2 from 59.75 to 68.46%. On the other hand, rbcL sequences were same size in the all species examined by 1,428 bp. G+C contents of rbcL sequences were ranged from 43.56 to 43.77% which means there are nearly no different from interspecies each other. Phylogenetic tree strongly supports the colse relationships between R. succedanea and R. sylvestris. Rhus javanica and Cotinus coggygria were also closely allied with each other in ITS and rbcL trees. Therefore, R. javanica was regarded as most primitive species among the Korean Rhus species. ITS 1 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was suggested as very useful taxonomical marker for genus Rhus.