• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2020

Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. (Series Nepalensia), which had been known to be restricted to Japan, was newly discovered from Mt. Cheongtae in Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do, located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Species identification was confirmed using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data, while comparing with materials obtained from Japan and herbarium specimens. Chrysosplenium grayanum is clearly distinguished from the remaining taxa of the genus Chrysosplenium by having glabrous plant body, opposite leaves, cylindrical papillae with roundish head at the tip on the smooth seed surface, and four stamens. Molecular sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, chloroplast rbcL and matK genes strongly supported that this previously unknown Chrysosplenium species from Korea is C. grayanum. Taking the molecular and the morphological evidence into consideration, it is clear that newly discovered Chrysosplenium population in Korea is conspecific with the widely distributed C. grayanum in Japan. In this paper, we provide a description, illustration, and photo images of Chrysosplenium grayanum from Korea and also a key to the Chrysosplenium species in Korea.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.495-500
• /
• 2020

Leaf spot on lemon balm is frequently observed in Korea, causing considerable damage to crops. In 2014 and 2015, the occurrence of leaf spot was observed in several production greenhouses at Suwon, Gongju, and Namwon in Korea. Symptoms on lower leaves initially developed as small, distinct, discolored lesions, which enlarged progressively turning into dark brown, angular spots surrounded by purplish-brown margins. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of actin (ACT), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), the fungus associated with the lemon balm leaf spot was determined as Septoria melissae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lemon balm leaf spot caused by S. melissae in Asia as well as in Korea.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.72-89
• /
• 2003

To elucidate the neuroprotective effect of Yeoldahanso-tang(YHT) on nerve cells damaged by hypoxia, the cytotoxic effects of exposure to hypoxia were determined by XTT(SODIUM3,3'-{I-[(PHENYLAMINO) CARBONYL]-3,4-TETRAZOLIUM}- BIS (4-METHOXY-6-NITRO) BENZENE SULFONIC ACID HYDRATE), NR(Neutral red), MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and SRB(Sulforhodamin B) asssay. The activity of catalase and SOD(Superoxide dismutase) was measured by spectrophometry, and $TNF-{\alpha}$(Tumor cell necrosis $fector-{\alpha}$) and PKC(Protein kinase C) activity was measured after exposure to hypoxia and treatment of YHTWE. Also the neuroprotective effect of YHTWE was researched for the elucidatioion of neuroprotective mechanism. The results were as follows; 1. Hypoxia decreased cell viability measured by XTT, NR assay when cultured cerebral neurons were exposed to 95% N2/5% CO2 for $2{\sim}26$ minutes in these cultures and YHTWE inhibited the decrease of cell viability. 2. H2O2 treatment decreased cell viability measured by MTT, and SRB assay when cultured cerebral neurons were exposed to 1-80 ${\mu}M$ for 6 hours, but YHTWE inhibited the decrease of cell viability. 3. Hypoxia decreased catalase and SOD activity, and also $TNF-{\alpha}$ and PKC activity in these cultured cerebral neurons, but YHTWE inhibited the decrease of the catalase and SOD activity in these cultures. 4. Hypoxia triggered the apoptosis via caspase activation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Also hypoxia stimulate the release of cytochrome c forom mitochondria. YHTWE inhibited the apoptosis via caspase activation induced by hypoxia. From these results, it can be suggested that brain ischemia model induced hypoxia showed neurotoxicity on cultured mouse cerebral neurons, and the YHTWE has the neuroprotective effect in blocking the neurotoxicity induced by hypoxia in cultured mouse cerebral neurons.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2016

복수초속 복수초절 식물 12종 1변종과 4종의 외군을 대상으로 복수초절 내 분류체계의 타당성을 검증하고 각 분류군 간의 유연관계를 규명하기 위하여 ITS 염기서열에 기초한 계통분류학적 연구를 수행하였다. 계통수 제작 결과 분석에 포함된 복수초(A. amurensis Regel et Radde) 7개체 중 일본에서 채집된 2개체가 일본 고유종인 가지복수초(A. ramosa Franch.)와 더 가까운 유연관계를 보였다. 이는 복수초가 단계통군이 아님을 말해주며, A. amurensis의 분류학적 정체성에 대한 재검토가 필요함을 암시한다. 국내에서 흔히 가지복수초로 동정되고 있는 개복수초(A. pseudoamurensis W. T. Wang)는 계통수 상에서 독자적인 그룹을 이루는 것으로 확인되었고, 따라서 개복수초를 가지복수초와 같은 종으로 보는 견해를 뒷받침하지 않았다. A. shikokuensis Nishikawa et Koji Ito, 세복수초(A. multiflora Nishikawa et Koji Ito), 및 개복수초를 대표하여 분석에 포함된 개체들은 하나의 분기군(clade)을 이루었으나 각 종은 계통수 상에서 명확히 구분되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 ser. Amurenses와 ser. Coeruleae가 다계통군을 이루거나 측계통군을 이루는 것으로 확인되었으며, 따라서 복수초절을 4개의 열(series)로 분류한 Wang의 분류체계는 타당하지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1082-1091
• /
• 2003

To elucidate the neuroprotective effect of Kamijihwang-hwan(KSH) on nerve cells damaged by hypoxia, the cytotoxic effects of exposure to hypoxia were determined by XTT, NR, MTT and SRB asssay. The activity of catalase and SOD was measured by spectrophometry, and TNF-α and PKC activity was measured after exposure to hypoxia and treatment of Kamijihwang-hwan(KSH) water extract(KJHWE). Also the neuroprotective effect of KJHWE was researched for the elucidation of neuroprotective mechanism. The results were as follows ; Hypoxia decreased cell viability measured by XTT, NR assay when cultured cerebral neurons were exposed to 95% N2/5% CO₂ for 2～26 minutes in these cultures and KJHWE inhibited the decrease of cell viability. H₂O₂ treatment decreased cell viability measured by MTT, and SRB assay when cultured cerebral neurons were exposed to 1-80 uM for 6 hours, but KJHWE inhibited the decrease of cell viability. Hypoxia decreased catalase and SOD activity, and also TNF-α and PKC activity in these cultured cerebral neurons, but KJHWE inhibited the decrease of the catalase and SOD activity in these cultures. Hypoxia triggered the apoptosis via caspase activation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Also hypoxia stimulate the release of cytochrome c form mitochondria. KJHWE inhibited the apoptosis via caspase activation induced by hypoxia. From these results, it can be suggested that brain ischemia model induced hypoxia showed neurotoxity on cultured mouse cerebral neurons, and the KJHWE has the neuroprotective effect in blocking the neurotoxity induced by hypoxia in cultured mouse cerebral neurons.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.293-302
• /
• 2010

한국산 쑥속 분류군의 계통분류학적 연구를 위해 Nuclear ribosome DNA의 ITS 염기서열 분석을 실시하였다. 정렬된 염기의 총 길이는 635~643 bp이며, ITS1과 ITS2 부위의 길이는 각각 251~255 bp와 217~222 bp로 나타났다. 염기서열 변이를 보이는 site는 95개로 확인되었다. 그 중 ITS1이 35개, ITS2가 26개로 총 72개의 site가 계통학적으로 유효한 것으로 나타남으로써 ITS1이 ITS2보다 종 분화의 변이가 다양하게 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. ITS 염기서열을 기초한 계통학적 분석은 쑥속 내에 5개의 Clade를 형성하였다. 그 결과 자방이 퇴화된 분류군들(사철쑥, 제비쑥, 섬쑥, 갯제비쑥)이 하나의 분계조(Clade 1)를 형성함으로써 아속 수준(Subgen. Dracunculus)으로 취급되는 결과를 뒷받침 하였다. 애기비쑥과 큰비쑥은 거의 동일한 유전적 정보를 보였으며(Boostrap 99%), 한국산 참쑥의 학명은 재고 되어야할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 강화약쑥(A. sp.)은 황해쑥과 매우 가까운 상동성을 보였다(Boostrap 89%). 따라서, 형태적 형질의 변이가 다소 연속적인 쑥속은 DNA 염기서열에 기초한 분자계통학적 연구가 유용한 방법으로 판단되며, 본 ITS 연구결과는 한국산 쑥속의 계통분류를 이해하는데 유용한 형질로 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 황기의 최적의 볶음 공정을 하였을 때 항산화 활성의 변화를 확인하기 위해 DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assay, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 calycosin, formononetin과 이의 배당체인 calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, Formononetin7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside의 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 UVB 처리로 산화적 스트레스를 유발한 HDF 세포에 추출물을 처리하여 DNA의 손상을 억제하는지 확인하였다. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assay 는 2R-AM 추출물에서 항산화 활성이 가장 좋았으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 1R-AM 추출물이 NR-AM과 비교하였을 때 월등히 증가하였지만, 2R-AM과 3R-AM과는 크게 차이가 없었다. 볶음 공정을 통한 황기는 calycosin와 formononetin의 함량이 2R-AM 추출물에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. HDF 세포에서 추출물들은 $200{\mu}g/mL$까지 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, 추출물 모두 자외선에 의해 손상된 HDF 세포에서 DNA 보호효능을 유의성 있게 증가시켰다. 특히 2R-AM 추출물의 활성은 정상세포와 유사한 수준으로 보호효과를 나타내었다. 결과를 종합해봤을 때, 볶음공정을 통한 황기 추출물은 지표 성분의 변화로 인하여 자외선에 의한 피부보호효과를 증가하였을 것이라 판단되며 이는 건강기능식품이나 화장품 원료로써 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.77.2-78
• /
• 2003

An EREBP/AP2-type transcription factor (CaPFl) was isolated by DDRT-PCR following inoculation of soybean pustule pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Bra which induces HR on pepper leaves. Genomic Southern blot analysis revealed that the CaPFl gene is present as a single copy within the hot pepper genome. The deduced amino acid sequence of CaPFl has two potential nuclear localization signals, a possible acidic activation domain, and an EREBP/AP2 motif that could bind to a conserved cis- element present in promoter region of many stress-induced genes. The mRNA level of CaPFl was induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. We observed higher-level transcripts in resistance-induced pepper tissues than diseased tissues. Expression of CaPFl is also induced upon various abiotic stresses including ethephon, MeJA, cold stress, drought stress and salt stress treatments. To study the role of CPFI in plant, transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants which express higher level of pepper CaPFl were generated. Global gene expression analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis by cDNA microarray indicated that expression of CaPFl in transgenic plants affect the expression of quite a few GCC box and DRE/CRT box-containing genes. Furthermore, the transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plant, expressing CaPFl showed tolerance against freezing temperature and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syrnigae pv. tabaci. Taken together, these results indicated that CaPFl is a novel EREBP/AP2 transcription factor in hot pepper plant and it may has a significant role(s) in regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2005

The tomato ripening associated membrane protein (TRAMP) (Fray et al., 1994) is a member of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, defined as channels facilitating the passage of water and small solutes through membranes. During normal fruit ripening the TRAMP mRNA levels were increased whereas the expression levels of TRAMP in low ethylene ACO1-sense suppressed lines, Nr and rin fruits, were lower than at the breaker stage of wild type fruit. TRAMP mRNA is inhibited by $LaCl_3$, which is an inhibitor of $Ca^{2+}$-stimulated responses, treatment but drought condition did not affect TRAMP expression. The levels of TRAMP mRNA transcripts were substantially higher in the dark treated seedlings and fruits. These suggest that TRAMP function as a water channel may be doubted because of several reasons; no water content was changed during ripening in wild type, antisense and overexpression lines, TRAMP expression under light condition was lower than dark condition and TRAMP expression was not changed in drought condition. Co-suppression plant, 3588 was one of sense suppression lines, which contain CaMV 35S promoter and sense pNY507 cDNA, produced small antisense RNA, approximately 21-25 nucleotides in length, mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Therefore, TRAMP expression was inhibited by small antisense and multiple copies might induce gene silencing without any production of double strand RNA. Total seven selected volatile productions, isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexanal, hexenal methylbutanal, hexenol, and methylbutanol, were highly reduced in sense line whereas total volatile production was increased in TRAMP antisense line. These results suggested TRAMP might change volatile related compounds.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제26권
• /
• pp.10.1-10.7
• /
• 2011

Objects: Chironomus riparius, a non-biting midge (Chironomidae, Diptera), is extensively used as a model organism in aquatic ecotoxicological studies, and considering the potential of C. riparius larvae as a bio-monitoring species, little is known about its genome sequences. This study reports the results of an Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) sequencing project conducted on C. riparius larvae using 454 pyrosequencing. Method: To gain a better understanding of C. riparius transcriptome, we generated ESTs database of C.ripairus using pyrosequencing method. Results: Sequencing runs, using normalized cDNA collections from fourth instar larvae, yielded 20,020 expressed sequence tags, which were assembled into 8,565 contigs and 11,455 singletons. Sequence analysis was performed by BlastX search against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide (nr) and uniprot protein database. Based on the gene ontology classifications, 24% (E-value${\leq}1^{-5}$) of the sequences had known gene functions, 24% had unknown functions and 52% of sequences did not match any known sequences in the existing database. Sequence comparison revealed 81% of the genes have homologous genes among other insects belonging to the order Diptera providing tools for comparative genome analyses. Targeted searches using these annotations identified genes associated with essential metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, detoxification of toxic metabolites and stress response genes of ecotoxicological interest. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study would eventually make ecotoxicogenomics possible in a truly environmentally relevant species, such as, C. riparius.