• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2005

The weight of spectacles fined on is resolved into its components along the nose's slide plane and the normal to the nose plane where the nosepad is located. The equation and its numerical solution to determine the component force was derived as a function of splay angle ${\Psi}$, $sin{\Psi}$, $cos{\Psi}$, and $cot{\Psi}$, incorporated with ${\theta}$ and ${\Phi}$, the angles viewed from side and front of the face, respectively. Values of inclination angle ${\theta}$ and ${\Phi}$ could be obtained to fulfill the condition where the frictional force between the nose and pad is either greater than the normal pressure exerted by the spectacles on the nose. With the value of ${\theta}$ fixed the normal pressure increases as ${\Phi}$ increases. With ${\Phi}$ fixed, the effect of ${\theta}$ is the same.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 1996

Satisfactory for children's spectacles fitting can only be achieved with the resonable selection and assortment of frames of different pad shapes, size, materials, the general property of sample frame are flexibility for the temple. Loughness for bridge and variety for the length of temple, a selection of the lens is chosen usually by the characteristic of the power, safty, size and so on, it will be comport fit of frame controlled the hight and width of pad and angle of pad between the nose side, frontal angle of pad will be determinded that whether a frame may be capable of providing a comport fit. An important part of the fitting of spectacles is the final adjustment before the wearer takes them away, and also their continued adjustment to maintain the optimum comport and lens efficiency. It is suggested that spectacle adjustment is essentially a practical art that can only be acquired by continual practice.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.515-524
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• 2022

The turnout system of the sleeper floating tracks (STEDEF) on urban transit is a Anti-vibration track composed of a wooden sleeper embedded in a concrete bed and a sleeper resilience pad under the sleeper. Therefore, deterioration and changes in spring stiffness of the sleeper resilience pad could be cause changes in sleeper support conditions. The damage amount of manganese crossings that occurred during the current service period of about 21 years was investigated to be about 17% of the total amount of crossings, and it was analyzed that the damage amount increased after 15 years of use (accumulated passing tonnage of about 550 million tons). In this study, parameter analysis (wheel position, sleeper support condition, and dynamic wheel load) was performed using a three-dimensional numerical model that simulated real manganese crossing and wheel profile, to analyze the damage type and cause of manganese crossing that occurred in the actual field. As a result of this study, when the voided sleeper occurred in the sleeper around the nose, the stress generated in the crossing nose exceeded the yield strength according to the dynamic wheel load considering the design track impact factor. In addition, the analysis results were evaluated to be in good agreement with the location of damage that occurred in the actual field. Therefore, in order to minimize the damage of the manganese crossing, it is necessary to keep the sleeper support condition around the nose part constant. In addition, by considering the uniformity of the boundary conditions under the sleepers, it was analyzed that it would be advantageous to to replace the sleeper resilience pad together when replacing the damaged manganese crossing.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.74-80
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• 2001

Objectives : Ma-huang is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, derived from Ephedra sinica Stapf and other Ephedra species, used to treat asthma, nose and lung congestion, and fever with anhidrosis. It contains 0.5-2.5% by weight of total alkaloids, of which ephedrine accounts for 30 to 90%. Recently, Ma-huang has been used as a source of ephedrine in many dietary supplements formulated for the treatment of obesity, since ephedrine has been found to be effective in inducing weight loss in the obese. In this study the effects of the methanol extract of Ma-huang on the adipocyte of epididymal and brown fat pads in rats fed a high fat diet for six weeks were studied. Methods : Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing an average 94g (4 weeks old) were fed either a regular diet (RE) or a high fat diet (HF), and the HF group was subdivided into a Ma-huang methanol extract (30mg/100g body weight) group (HF+MH). The weight of epididymal fat pad and brown adipose tissue were measured. The cell size and cell number per unit area of epididymal fat pad were investigated. Results : The yield weight of methanol extract of Ma-huang was 3.63mg per l00g of Ma-huang. The body weight gain of the HF group was similar with that of the HF+ MH but higher than that of the RE. The weights of the epididymal fat pads and brown adipose tissue of the RE group were lower than those of HF and HF+MH groups. The cell sizes and numbers per unit area of epididymal fat pads of the RE and HF+MH groups were larger than those of HF group. The cell numbers per unit area size of epididymal fat pads were the smallest in the RE group. Conclusions : It could be concluded that the Ma-huang extract has no effect on the epididymal fat pads in rats fed a high fat diet and the clinical application of Ma-huang for the treatment of obesity should be re-considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.68-75
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• 2000

This paper presents the construction of an ultra-precision machining system and machining experiments using the developed system. The system is composed of air bearing system, granite bed, air pad, and linear feeding mechanism. The cutting conditions have great effect on the surface quality in ultra-precision machining. the ultra-precision machining is mainly processed by several ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ depth of cut and feed rate. For this, tools with sharper cutting edge and less tool wear are needed. To satisfy these requirement, diamond is generally used as a tool material for ultra-precision machining. In order to evaluate the cutting characteristics of the PCD and MCD tools on the aluminum alloy, the machining experiments performed using the developed system.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

In this study, a numerical analysis based on CFD methods has been conducted to predict the aerodynamic coefficients and aerodynamic loads of KSLV-II configuration designed at the system design phase. By the effects of exclusion of engine cowls of prior configuration, axial force and normal force decreased and center of pressure was much moved to the nose direction. Also, aerodynamic loads at flight and on the launch pad were predicted for structural load analysis. The computed results will be used for mission analysis and structural analysis at the next design phase.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.379-390
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• 2009

Purpose: The study was done to investigate the effect of ethanol inhalation on postoperative nausea in patients using Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). Methods: The data were collected from June 1st 2006 to September 30th, 2007. The subjects were 70 patients who had had orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. The levels of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure postoperative nausea. The experimental group was given ethanol inhalation using ethanol pads and the control group received normal saline pads. All participants were instructed to take two deep sniffs with the pad one inch from the nose. This was repeated every five minutes for three doses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The study supported all hypotheses. "The experimental group given first dose of ethanol inhalation would have a lower level postoperative nausea compared to the control group"(t = -5.900, p = .000). "The experimental group given second doses of ethanol inhalation would have a lower level postoperative nausea compared to the control group"(t = -7.507, p = .000). "The experimental group given third doses of ethanol inhalation would have a lower level postoperative nausea compared to the control group"(t = -6.685, p = .000). Conclusion: According to these results, the ethanol inhalation can be considered an effective nursing intervention for relieving the postoperative nausea in patients using PCA.