• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity and nutritional status of children in low-income households. A cross sectional study involved a survey of households (n = 223) receiving the financial assistance. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eligible mothers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as non-pregnant, non-lactating mothers, aged 18 to 55 years with their youngest children aged 2 to 12 years, were purposively selected. The Radimer/Cornell hunger and food-insecurity instrument was administered and children's height and weight were measured. RESULTS: About 16.1% of the households were food secure, while 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity. Out of food insecure category, 29.6% households were food insecure, 19.3% women were individual food insecure and 35.0% fell into the child hunger category. Education of the mother (P = 0.047), household size (P = 0.024), number of children (P = 0.024), number of children going to school (P = 0.048), total monthly income (P < 0.001), income per capital (P < 0.001), number of household members contributing to the income (P = 0.018) and food expenditure (P = 0.006) were significant risk factors for household food insecurity. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in children were 61.0%, 61.4% and 30.6% respectively. Based on multinomial logistic regression, children in food-insecure households were 2.15 times more likely to be underweight and three times to be stunted than children in the food-secure households. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that household food insecurity is associated with the nutritional status of the children in the rural area of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.279-290
• /
• 2012

Plecoglossus altivelis (ayu) is an amphidromous fish widely distributed in Northeastern Asia from the East China Sea to the northern Japanese coastal waters, encompassing the Korean Peninsula within its range. The shore lines of northeastern region in Asia have severely fluctuated following glaciations in the Quaternary. In the present study, we investigate the population genetic structure and historical demographic change of P. altivelis at a population level in East Asia. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on 244 mitochondrial control region DNA sequences clearly showed that as the sampling scope extended to a larger geographic area, genetic differentiation began to become significant, particularly among Northeastern populations. A series of hierarchical AMOVA could detect the genetic relationship of three closely located islands between Korea and Japan that might have been tightly connected by the regional Tsushima current. Neutrality and mismatch distribution analyses revealed a strong signature of a recent population expansion of P. altivelis in East Asia, estimated at 126 to 391 thousand years ago during the late Pleistocene. Therefore it suggests that the present population of P. altivelis traces back to its approximate demographic change long before the last glacial maximum. This contrasts our a priori expectation that the most recent glacial event might have the most crucial effect on the present day demography of marine organisms through bottleneck and subsequent increase of effective population size in this region.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2000

Both acid-leached and residual Pb in surface sediments of the Yellow Sea are analyzed in order to explain the spatial distribution of Pb contents and to determine a major controlling factor of its geographical distribution. Leached and residual Pb contents in surface sediments, which may have a different origin, show mirrored geographical distribution. Sediments with high residual Pb ( ${\sim}$20 ${\mu}$g/g; northeastern sand) contain low leached Pb (6-8 ${\mu}$g/g) while sediments with high leached Pb ( ${\sim}$20 ${\mu}$g/g; central mud) contain low residual Pb. As a result, total Pb shows little variation spatially. The mirrored distribution of both species also leads the grain-size dependence of Pb contents to be unclear although the grain-size dependence of other trace metals (Cr, Co, Ni etc.) has been well reported in this shelf. High leached Pb contents (>15 ${\mu}$g/g) were also observed in sediments off the Changjiang River mouth and off the Kyunggi Bay where they can be interpreted as the results of diagenetic accumulation and anthropogenic pollution, respectively. Residual Pb enriched in sands of the northeastern area might be from K-feldspar, which in turn allows the suggestion that northeastern sands may have originated from coastal erosion of granitic landmass or directly from nearby rivers.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제88권1호
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 1999

북한산국립공원(北漢山國立公園) 북동사면(北東斜面) 일대(一帶) 계류수(溪流水)의 수질특성(水質特性)을 파악함으로써 국립공원내(國立公園內) 계류슈질(溪流水質) 보전(保全)을 위한 과학적 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 1998년 7월부터 11월까지 5개월간 매월 4개 지점의 계류수질을 분석한 결과, 이 지역 계류수의 평균pH는 6.56, 평균용존산소량은 $10.22mg/{\ell}$로 하천수질환경기준에 의한 상수원수 1급수의 범위 내였다. 또한, 이 지역 계류수는 연수(軟水)이었으며, 물속에 용존된 양이온과 음이온은 평형관계(平衡關係)를 나타내었다. 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)는 pH와 1% 수준에서 유의한 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를, 이온총량과는 1% 수준에서 유의한 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었으며, 탐방객수(探訪客數)와는 5% 수준에서 유의한 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내어 계류수질오염에 탐방객수(探訪客數)가 영향하는 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 다중회귀분석결과, 전기전도도의 설명에 유의한 영향을 미치는 인자는 pH, Zn, $Mg^{2+}$ 등 3개 인자(因子)이었다.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 2023

Naturalized populations of two alien plants were newly found, and we describe their morphological characteristics and habitats with photographs. One is a member of Juncaceae, Juncus torreyi Coville, and was newly found at a pool of a beach in Gangwon-do. This rush is native to North America and belongs to the sect. Ozophyllum (subgen. Juncus) according to certain morphological characteristics, such as its racemose inflorescence, the absence of floral bracteole, and unitubular leaves with perfect septa. J. torreyi is easily distinguishable from Korean rushes by its long rhizomes with swollen nodes and globular head with 25-100 flowers. Its introduction into Japan and Europe was reported, but the ecological risk associated with its over-dispersal is not known. The other alien plant is a submerged plant, Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae), which was found in streams in Gyeongsangbuk-do and ditches in the Busan-si area, both of which being in the watershed of the Nakdong River. Egeria densa is similar to Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, which is native to Korea. However, it is distinguished from H. verticillata by its larger flowers and lack of overwintering organs. This alien plant is native to South America and was introduced for aquarium gardening and naturalized around the world. Egeria densa is treated as a malignant weed due to its asexual reproduction and rapid growth. Size changes and the number of populations of E. densa must be investigated.

• 동굴
• /
• 제69호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2005

The mountains and rivers in Guilin are famous for their beauty; the pines and rocks on Huangshan Mountains are well known for their magnificence. And now, another famous scenic zone that shall be one of the wonders of the world located in remote area of Northeast of China appears quietly, and it attracts lots of tourists and makes them reluctant to leave. That is Huanren, a Manchu county, which is famous as miraculous place.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.2271-2302
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research is to develop a tourism product that connects Northeast Asia and Korea by maximizing the geographical advantages in North Korea. Although Northeast Asia has enjoyed the tremendous amounts of potentials such as the natural, historical and cultural resources, some political and social limitations have prohibited its wider development of Tourism.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.259-290
• /
• 1996

As part of Korea's opening to tile world economy, over the past several years the government has begun th liberalize in the distribution industry. This study cocentrates on long-term strategy of distribution industry in Inchon where will be the hub in the northeastern area. Based on data analysis for the present conditions referring the physical distribution and the commercial distribution, problems are drawn on this two sectors. Conclusion shows introduction of the advanced know-how, expansion of the physical distribution center, and modernization of tile commercial distribution structure.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.41-76
• /
• 1986

The northeastern Pacific and eastern Bering Sea supports large and divers finfish and shellfish compelxes. The North Pacific fishing grounds are largest fish production total 30.89 percent of the world in 1983. Recent action by the around countries extending their fisheies jurisdiction to 200 mile has provided a new environment. The new approch to fisheries management has resulted in an arormous expansion in tile demand for scientific information. These are no longer limited to biological concerns. Emphasis has been focused recently on the need to understand the economic, social, politics and philosophy characteristics of a fishing and how they will be affected by management decisions. The horizontal management and portfolio management for fisheries has increased interest in complex biological models and the coupling of these models with economic, politics and phyisophy components. Successful completion of this task will require and expanded understanding of oceanographic, biological, economic, social, politics and philosophic process associated with fisheries. Particular attention should be devoted to acquiring information an data processing for Korean trawl fishery, stock assessment in the areas. The need for international collaboration in management must be stressed. Some northeast Pacific and eastern Bering Sea fish stock migrate over long distances and political boundaries. Further, nearly all the fish stocks are harvested by several nations. The features require cooperation and coordination of research activities. The horizontal management will be made a way these activities for the around countries in the sea. Strongly, tile proposed again, Pacific International Council for Exploration of the Seas, PICES will interest between all users of the area's fisheries.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.9-9
• /
• 2011

The transfer of nano-science accomplishments into technology is severely hindered by a lack of understanding of barriers to nanoscale manufacturing. The NSF Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) is developing tools and processes to conduct fast massive directed assembly of nanoscale elements by controlling the forces required to assemble, detach, and transfer nanoelements at high rates and over large areas. The center has developed templates with nanofeatures to direct the assembly of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles (down to 10 nm) into nanoscale trenches in a short time (in seconds) and over a large area (measured in inches). The center has demonstrated that nanotemplates can be used to pattern conducting polymers and that the patterned polymer can be transferred onto a second polymer substrate. Recently, a fast and highly scalable process for fabricating interconnects from CMOS and other types of interconnects has been developed using metallic nanoparticles. The particles are precisely assembled into the vias from the suspension and then fused in a room temperature process creating nanoscale interconnect. The center has many applications where the technology has been demonstrated. For example, the nonvolatile memory switches using (SWNTs) or molecules assembled on a wafer level. A new biosensor chip (0.02 $mm^2$) capable of detecting multiple biomarkers simultaneously and can be in vitro and in vivo with a detection limit that's 200 times lower than current technology. The center has developed the fundamental science and engineering platform necessary to manufacture a wide array of applications ranging from electronics, energy, and materials to biotechnology.