• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2008

Patients who have repaired cleft lip and palate generally undergo restriction of maxillary growth. Concave facial profile is often exhibited with relatively normalized mandible. Horizontal and sagittal deficiency of the maxilla could cause anterior and posterior crossbites. In growing patients, ortho-dontic and orthopedic treatment is acceptable with maxillary expansion and protraction. However, surgical approach has to be accompanied with orthodontic treatment in skeletally matured patients. We used SARPE and BSSRO to expand the constricted maxilla and retract the mandible in a patient who had cleft palate repaired in infancy. Through SARPE, orthodontic treatment and BSSRO, we sufficiently expanded the maxillla and improved facial profile.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.426-434
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• 2006

The impact of leakage was incorporated into the transfer functions of the complex head and discharge. The impedance transfer functions for the various leaking pipeline systems were also derived. Hydraulic transients could be efficiently analyzed by the developed method. The simulation of normalized pressure variation using the method of characteristics and the impulse response method shows good agreement to the condition of turbulent flow. The leak calibration could be performed by incorporation of the impulse response method with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Harmony Search (HS). The objective functions for the leakage detection can be made using the pressure-head response at the valve, or the pressure-head or the flow response at a certain point of the pipeline located upstream from the valve. The proposed method is not constrained by the Courant number to control the numerical dissipation of the method of characteristics. The limitations associated with the discreteness of the pipeline system in the inverse transient analysis can be neglected in the proposed method.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.178-182
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• 2006

Five model coils of 6.6 kV motor were manufactured with several defects. These stator coils have artificial defects such as void of groundwall insulation, removal of semi-conductive coating and damage of strand insulation. Epoxy-mica coupler(80 pF) was connected to five model coil terminals. The voltage applied to the coils was 3.81 kV, 4.76 kV, 6.0 kV and 6.6 kV, respectively. Partial discharge(PD) tests performed in the laboratory and shield room. Digital PD detector(PDD) and turbine generator analyzer(TGA) were used to measure PD activity. TGA summarizes each plot with two quantities such as the normalized quantity number(NQN) and the peak PD magnitude(Qm). The PD levels in pC were measured with PDD. PD patterns of model coils were indicated the internal and slot discharges. PD patterns are consistent with the result of measurement using PDD and TGA instruments. AC breakdown test was performed on five model coils in order to confirm the result of PD measurements. All the failures were located in a line-end coil at the exit from the core slot.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.323-326
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• 1997

In this study, we investigated the circardian rhythm of complexity of cardiac dynamics in humans. Dynamic 24-hour electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from 30 healthy ambulant subjects aged 41 to 50 years. or each recordings, normalized low frequency (0.04-0.1 hertz) and high frequency (>0.15 hertz) component are calculated. our different indexes obtained from separate algorithms of nonlinear dynamics - approximate entropy, correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent and fractal dimension - were calculated. During early morning, low frequency component rose rapidly with concomitant withdrawl of high frequency component. All the our indexes of nonlinear dynamics showed remarkably same circardian rhythm: an early morning dip preceded by a steep decline during late night, a gradual recovery during evening and a peak around midnight. These data indicate that the simultansous losses of all of the our different mechanisms of nonlinear control of heart rate during early morning, concomitent with the surge of symapathetic activity and reduction of vagal activity, may contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular events during morning hours.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.325-328
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• 2007

We discuss the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the forest canopy and floor separately based on airborne spectral reflectance measurements and simultaneous airborne land surface images acquired around Yakutsk, Siberia in 2000. The aerial land surface images were visually classified into four forest types: no-green canopy and snow floor (Type-1), green canopy and snow floor (Type-2), no-green canopy and no-snow floor (Type-3), and green canopy and no-snow floor (Type-4). The mean NDVI was calculated for these four types. Although Type-2 had green canopy, the NDVI was rather small (0.17) because of high reflection from the snow cover on the floor. Type-3, which had no green canopy, indicated considerably large NDVI (0.45) due to the greenness of the floor. Type-4 had the largest NDVI (0.75) because of the greenness of both the canopy and floor. These results reveal that the NDVI depends considerably on forest floor greenness and snow cover in addition to canopy greenness.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.447-457
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate how Cortex Phellodendri affects metabolic functional change in an experimental rat model of obesity.Methods: An obesity model was induced in a C57BL/6 mouse with a high-fat diet. Mice were divided into three groups (n=6) of normal diet, high-fat diet (=control), and high-fat diet with Cortex Phellodendri. After 12 weeks, we measured the three mice groups’ body weight, FBG, FBI, HOMA-IR, OGTT, the weight of epididymal fat and liver, the percentage of ATM, and the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-10, and CD68.Results: Cortex Phellodendri significantly reduced blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance levels. It also reduced ATM numbers and TNF-α and CD68 gene expression and increased IL-10 gene expression.Conclusions: This study suggests that Cortex Phellodendri normalized the blood glucose and reduced the expression of inflammatory markers. However, with respect to other indicators of metabolic function in obesity, there were no significant results.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.296-305
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• 2015

Coupled schemes between service-oriented architecture (SOA) and Web 2.0 have recently been researched. Web-based content providers and telecommunications company (Telecom) based Internet protocol television (IPTV) providers have struggled against each other to accommodate more three-screen service subscribers. Since the advent of Web 2.0, more abundant reproduced content can be circulated. However, because according to increasing device's resolution and content formats IPTV providers transcode content in advance, network bandwidth, storage and operation costs for content management systems (CMSs) are wasted. In this paper, we present a user centric CMS for open IPTV, which integrates SOA and Web 2.0. Considering content popularity based on a Zipf-like distribution to solve these problems, we analyze the performance between the user centric CMS and the conventional Web syndication system for normalized costs. Based on the user centric CMS, we implement a social Web TV with device-aware function, which can aggregate, transcode, and deploy content over social networking service independently.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance characteristics of a $CO_2$ cooling and water heating system using a twin-rotary compressor with the compression volume ratio of 0.6. The cooling performances of the $CO_2$ heat pump were measured and analyzed with the variations of charge amount, EEV opening, and compressor frequency. In addition, the performance of the combined system including cooling and water heating was also measured and analyzed by varying inlet temperature of the EEV. As a result, the optimal normalized charge and cooling COP in the cooling mode were 0.307 and 2.06, respectively. The application of the water heating into the $CO_2$ heat pump improved the cooling performance over 78% and decreased the EEV inlet temperature by $8^{\circ}C$, which can increase system reliability.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 2002

Alternating polyols of oxymethylene and oxyalkylene were synthesized and used as precursors for thermoplastic poly(ether-ester) elastomers (TPEs). The polyols were synthesized by reacting diols having different methylene units with dichloromethane in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The number of methylene units in the alkylene oxides was varied from 3 to 6. TPEs were prepared using the polyols as soft segments and poly(butylene terephthalate) units as hard segments. The polyols and TPEs synthesized were characterized using FTIR, NMR, GPC, DSC, and polarized optical microscopy. The polyols showed a profound odd-even effect on the melting (T$_{m}$) and glass transition temperatures (T$_{g}$). Polyols with odd numbers of methylene groups in the alkylene units have higher transition temperatures than polyols with odd number of methylene groups. The tendency is still kept in TPEs, even though the T$_{g}$ of soft segment in TPEs are slightly higher than those of corresponding neat polyols. The T$_{m}$ and T$_{g}$ of soft segments are almost constant in the range of 20 to 60 wt % contents of soft segments. On the other hand, the normalized heat of fusion of hard segment decreased with increasing the content of loft segment.ent.t.ent.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.838-844
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• 2016

In this study, epidemiological cut-off values were estimated for 44 Photobacterium damselae isolates, since clinical breakpoints have not been established for this pathogenic bacterium. The susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibiotics was evaluated using internationally standardized disc diffusion protocols. Normalized resistance interpretation was used to generate statistically valid epidemiological cut-off values for the susceptibility data. There were not enough strains exhibiting full sensitivity to ampicillin and amoxicillin to allow analysis of these antibiotics. Because there were only a marginally sufficient number of strains exhibiting full sensitivity to oxytetracycline, the cut-off value generated provided only a provisional estimate. The valid wild-type cut-off values were <13, 13, 9, 22, 25, 27, and 28 mm for gentamicin, cephalexin, erythromycin, oxolinic acid, flumequine, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. The application of these cut-off values should greatly facilitate the rational selection of antibiotics for use in commercial fish farms.