• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Normal growth and development is of prime concern during childhood. The treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency has been revolutionized by growth hormone therapy. An improved height outcome with a final height within the target height range has been achieved. However, close follow-up with regular clinical and laboratory monitoring is essential for achieving the desirable height outcome. The theoretical unlimited supply of growth hormone has led to its wide spread use in a variety of disorders other than a growth hormone deficiency. Initially used in children with Turner syndrome, growth hormone is now used to treat chronic renal failure, an idiopathic short stature and intrauterine growth restrictions in addition to a wide array of newly emerging indications. This review summarizes the basics for a proper growth assessment, the differentiation of normal and abnormal growth causes of a short stature, and the indications for growth hormone treatment.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2000

The inhibitory effects of doenjang extracts and linoleic acid(LA) which was identified as one of the active compounds in doenjang on the growth of human cancer cells were studied, comparing to the actions on normal cells. Methanol extract and hexane fraction from doenjang exhibited the strong growth inhibitory effect on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Inhibitory effects of chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions on the cancer cells were observed, moderately or weakly. When cell counts of SNU-C$_1$human colon carcinoma cells were determined daily for 6 days, the inhibitory effect of hexane fraction on this cell line was higher than that of the methanol extract from doenjang. LA completely suppressed the growth of SNU-C$_1$cells after 4 days, while conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) resulted in 98% inhibition after 6 days. With the addition of LA and other free fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (${\gamma}$-LnA) to the culture system, the growth of HT-29 cells and SNU-C$_1$cells was greatly suppressed after 6 days. Inhibitory effects of LA ${\gamma}$-LnA on the growth of these cells were stronger than other fatty acids. On the growth of AZ-521 human gastric carcinoma cells, LA and CLA completely cuppressed the growth of the cells after 4 days and 3 days, respectively. At the level of 0.001%~0.01% of LA, there was no cytotoxic effect on normal rat kidney cells and normal intestine human cells. These results showed that LA, a major active compound of doenjang, had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of human cancer cells without damaging normal cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1431-1437
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• 2012

The growth of many breast tumors is stimulated by IGF-1, which activates signal transduction pathways inducing cell proliferation. $ER{\alpha}$ is important in this process. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships in vitro among inhibitory effects of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells, IGF-1 pathway and $ER{\alpha}$. Our results showed that luteolin could effectively block IGF-l-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and block cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis evidenced by the flow cytometric detection of sub-G1DNA content. Luteolin markedly decreased IGF-l-dependent IGF-IR and Akt phosphorylation without affecting Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Further experiments pointed out that $ER{\alpha}$ was directly involved in IGF-l induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin, which significantly decreased $ER{\alpha}$ expression. Knockdown of $ER{\alpha}$ in MCF-7 cells by an $ER{\alpha}$-specific siRNA decreased the IGF-l induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin. $ER{\alpha}$ is thus a possible target of luteolin. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells is via inhibiting IGF-l mediated PI3K-Akt pathway dependent of $ER{\alpha}$ expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2011

The performance of naked neck and normal chicken was evaluated with respect to growth, carcass, immune, biochemical and stress parameters under winter and summer seasons to assess the suitability of naked neck birds under high temperatures in the global scenario of climate change. The growth performance was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in naked neck chicken in the summer season. The dressing percentage was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in naked neck birds in both winter and summer season because of reduced plumage. The thigh, giblet and feather proportion significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) varied between naked neck and normal chickens in summer season. The humeral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) did not show any significant differences among the chicken groups. The protein and cholesterol concentration observed was within the normal ranges. The total cholesterol levels in plasma were significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) lower in naked neck birds in both the seasons. H:L ratio was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) lower in summer season indicating less stress in naked neck chicken. Basophil and eosinophil concentration was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in normal chicken in summer. The lipid peroxidation was higher in full feathered birds under summer stress. The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly higher during the summer and varied significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) between the normal and naked neck chicken in both seasons. The results indicated that the naked neck birds performed significantly better at high ambient temperatures with respect to growth, carcass and biochemical parameters. It was concluded that the ability of the naked neck chicken to adapt to high temperatures foresees a viable option for the biological mitigation of climate change.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

AlN 단결정의 특별한 용도로 이를 개발하기 위한 노력이 전 세계적으로 매우 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 AlN을 기반으로 하는 자외선 LED는 생활, 의학, 자동자 등에 유용한 용도로서 살균, 정화, 경화 및 분석 등 분야에 이용된다. 이에 실험을 통해 PVT법으로 카본 도가니를 사용하여 AlN 단결정을 성장시켰으며 실험 중 3가지 형태의 도가니를 이용하여 성장에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 그 온도 조건은 $1900{\sim}2100^{\circ}C$이고 실험 압력으로는 1~200 Torr였다. 그 결과, 높이가 높은 형태의 도가니를 사용할 경우 증발량은 기준 형태보다 증가 하는데 그쳤다. 반면, 넓은 형태의 도가니는 더욱 많은 증발양의 증가를 보였으며, 기준 형태에 비하여 훨씬 안정하다는 것을 알았다. 또한, 제한된 크기의 도가니를 이용한 PVT법에서의 도가니 형태의 변화에 따른 결과는 성장률에 따른 최적 조건, 성장 결정의 품질변화 및 성장 조건 안정성에 영향을 주는 것을 알았다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1991

본 연구는 자연상태에서 자란 12종의 왜소개체에 있어 목부구조의 변이에 대한 왜소생장의 영향을 검토하였다. 통수요소 및 섬유의 길이와 접선직경이 정상개체보다 왜소개체에서 더 짧고 좁게 나타났다. 방사조직의 높이도 정상개체보다 왜소개체에서 낮았다. 동일 연륜의 방사폭과 연륜내 세포수는 정상개체보다 왜소개체에서 좁고 적었다. 송백류에서 춘재에 대한 추재의 비는 정상개체보다 왜소개체에서 높게 나타났다. 피자식물의 도관요소의 mesomorphy 정도는 정상개체보다 왜소개체에서 낮았다. 이와 같이 왜소생장은 수분결핍과 같은 환경요인에 의해 극도로 느린 생장을 한 결과로 해석된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.657-673
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• 1992

Orthodontic treatment of cleft patients is difficult as the growth is different from that of normal ones. So it is very important to know the characteristic features of the craniofacial morphology and growth pattern in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. The materials for this study consisted of 55 normal males and 50 unilateral cleft lip and palate ones who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty previously. The cleft subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their ages kto find out the growth pattern of hard and soft tissue, and to compare the features with those of normal ones. Each cephalogram analysed by McNamara method and others. The obtained results were as follows 1. In the unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects, forward growth of the maxilla was smaller than that of normal ones from 9 years old. So the maxilla was retruded. The maxillary incisors were severely retruded in all age groups. 2. The mandibular overall length and its anteroposterior position did not show any significant differences between two groups. But the height of ramus was very short and the mandible had vertical growth tendency to compensate for undergrowth of the maxilla in cleft subjects after 12 years of age. 3. Horizontal growth of the soft tissue in middle face was smaller than that of any other facial region from 9 years old. The vertical growth rate of upper lip was decreased as growing old. 4. In cleft subjects, the upper and lower facial component angle and the facial convexity angle were large. So their facial profile changed to straight or concave as growing old.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

The fatigue crack growth behavior of high strength X80 pipeline steel was investigated with compact tension specimens that crack growth directions were aligned either parallel or normal to the rolling direction of the pipeline. Also, the fatigue crack growth rates for welded joint of X80 pipeline steel were investigated with compact tension specimens that crack growth directions were aligned either parallel or normal to the welding line. The experimental results indicated the fatigue crack growth behavior was markedly different in three zones, weld metal, heat affected zone and base metal of welded joints. There was a trend toward increment in the fatigue life of weld metal and heat affected zone as compared with the X80 pipeline steel.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.621-631
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• 2000

Objective : In this study, the medicine herbs above were directly treated to cultured normal lung cells and lung carcinoma cells, and the effects were investigated to develope new cancer treatments with increased anti-cancer efficiency as well as decreased side-effects and to suggest more useful clinical therapies. Materials and Methods : In the experiment, WI-26 VA lung normal cell line and A-427 lung carcinoma cell line were cultured. To observe the morphological change of the treated cells, were subjected to Giemsa staining and observed under Reflected Fluorescence microscope. To examine whether cell death occurred, cells observed under Reflected Fluorescence microscope, To investigate the degree of cell death in the nucleus, cells were screened by Laser cytometry ACAS 570. Results : Samgibopye-tang(Shenqibufei-tang) stimulated not only the growth of the normal cells but also that of the carcinoma cells, Wikyeung-tang(Weijing-tang) induced morphological change such as cytoplasmic constriction in the normal cells and the carcinoma cells, but it did not show any strong inhibitory effect on the cell growth. Samso-eum(Shensu-yin) caused severe cell damage in both cell lines, Eunkyo San(Yinqiao-san) significantly damaged the nuclei and caused weak cytoplasmic constriction in both cell lines, Normal cells treated with Gilgyeung-tang(Jingeng-tang) did not show any significant morphological change while some Gilgyeung-tang(Jingeng-tang) treated carcinoma cells were observed to have a normal cell-like shape, interestingly, conclusions : As the results above, Samgibopye-tang(Shenqibufei-tang), Wikyeung-tang(Weijing-tang), and Gilgyeung-tang(Jingeng-tang) helped the growth of both cell lines, and especially Samgibopye-tang(Shenqibufei-tang) showed the best effect, However, Samso-eum(Shensuyin) and Eunkyo-san(Yinqiao-san) caused lethal damage in the normal cells and also showed strong toxicity in the carcinoma cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2004

This study examined the effect of excess calcium (Ca) on the iron (Fe) bioavailability and bone growth of marginally Fe deficient animals. Two groups of weanling female SD rats were fed either normal Fe (35 ppm) or Fe deficient diet (8 ppm) for 3 weeks. Then each group of animals were assigned randomly to one of three groups and were fed one of six experimental diets additionally for 4 weeks, containing normal (35 ppm) or low (15 ppm) Fe and one of three levels of Ca as normal (0.5%), high (1.0%), or excess (1.5%). Feces and urine were collected during the last 3 days of treatment. After sacrifice blood, organs, and femur bone were collected for analysis. Final body weight and average food intake were not affected by either the levels of dietary Ca or Fe. Low Fe diet significantly reduced the level of serum ferritin, however, for Hb, Hct, and TIBC no difference was shown than those in the normal Fe group. TIBC increased slightly by high and excess Ca intake in low Fe groups. For both normal and low Fe groups, high and excess Ca intakes reduced the apparent absorption of Fe and Fe contents of liver significantly (p < 0.05). Calcium contents in kidney and Femur of rats that were fed high and excess levels of Ca were significantly greater than those of normal Ca groups. However, weight, length, and breaking force of the bone were not affected by increased Ca intakes. Both in control and low Fe groups, high and excess intakes of Ca decreased the apparent absorption of Ca. These results indicate that the excess intakes of calcium than the normal needs would be undesirable for Fe bioavailability and that the adverse effects be more serious in marginally iron deficient growing animals. In addition bone growth and strength would not be favorably affected by high Ca intakes, though, the long term effect of increased Ca contents in bone requires further examination.