• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1988

In Graves' disease, changes in orbital tissue and structure are casued by inflammatory infiltation, which induces increase of capillary permeability and breakdown of blood-tissue barriers. Using the uptake of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ in inflammatory lesion, Eye/Brain radioactivity ratios in brain scintigraphy were evaluated in 15 normal controls and 40 Graves' patients. The results were as follows; 1) Eye/Brain radioactivity ratio was significantly higher in Graves' ophthalmopthy group than in control group (p < 0.005). 2) In Graves' ophthalmopathy, Eye/Brain radioactivity ratio was significantly higher in active (progressive) group than in inactive (non-progressive) group (p < 0.05). 3) There was no correlation between class of ATA classification of Graves' ophthalmopathy and Eye/Brain radioactivity ratio. 4) There was no correlation between Eye/Brain radioactivity ratio and serum activity of TBII. In conclusion, Eye/Brain radioactivity ratio using $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ brain scintigraphy may be useful to determine the activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy and whether treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy is necessary or not.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.286-291
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to measure the improvement of balanced ability and rapid response of 30 healthy adults by performing dynamic stretching, static stretching, and sargent jump. Methods: The sample 30 peoples without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to be the subject of the study. We measured all subjects on following metrics to evaluate the function and stability under the normal condition, with dynamic stretching (DS) group, static stretching (SS) group: vertical jump height and reaching distance Anterior, Posteromedial, Posterolateral and NO (Normal eye open), NC (Normal eye close), PO (Pillow with eye open), and PC (Pillow with close eye) were evaluated. All measures were analyzed using independent t-test and One-way repeated Anova. Results: There was a significant increase in SJH (Sargent jump) in both groups (p<0.05). In Y-balance test, there was a significant increase in both groups except for the ANT (Anterior) direction, and there was a significant increase only in the SS group in the ANT (Anterior) direction (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the DS group and the SS group (p>0.05). There was no significant improvement in ST (Stability Index) and WDI (Weight Distribution Index) in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both DS and SS showed significant improvement in SJH and Y-balance tests, which are dynamic functions, but had no significant effect on static balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Purpose: This study examined whether or not the balance performing ability of the disabled (blindness and deafness) is lower than normal people. Chronometry was used to compare the balance maintaining ability of blind and deaf subjects with that of normal subjects under the same conditions. Methods: In this study, balance foam, eye bandage, earplugs and headphones were used. The balance foam used in this study is smooth with slight elasticity and a convex upper side, 60cm wide, 15cm long and 9cm high. The eye bandage was used to artificially block the sight of the normal subjects, and the earplugs and headphones to block their hearing. Results: The mean time of the normal subjects standing with their eyes open, blindfolded and wearing ear plugs was 26.7, 19.8 and 28.7sec, respectively. The mean standing maintaining time for the blind and deaf subjects was 12.5 sec and 24.1 sec, respectively. The t-test result of the calculated mean time showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the normal subjects and the normal subjects with their hearing blocked but there was a significant difference between the normal subjects with their hearing blocked and the deaf subjects (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was significance between the normal subjects and the normal subjects with their eyes blocked but there was no significant difference between the normal subjects with their eyes blocked and the blind subjects. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the deaf and the normal subjects, which corresponds to the report showing that sight has a significant influence on balance.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Purpose: To study the minimum diopter of spherical lens with normal binocular function in induced anisometropia by over-correction or under-correction in single eye. Methods: Stereoacuity of subjects without ophthalmic disease history in their twenties was measured by using Titmus-fly stereotest at 40 cm after overcorrection or under-correction in non-dominant eye or dominant eye, respectively. Results: In induced anisometropia, the stereoacuity decreased with increase of the power of added spherical lens in either nondominant eye or dominant eye. And the first reduction of stereoacuity was more prominent with the addition of (+) spherical lens than (-) spherical lens. In addition, there was more strikingly decrement of stereoacuity with addition of spherical lens to dominant eye than non-dominant eye. Conclusions: In induced anisometropia, the most outstanding reduction of stereoacuity was obtained with increment of the power of added (+) spherical lens in case of non-dominant eye with full correction and dominant eye with addition of spherical lens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-175
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• 1991

This study was carried out with 2,195 boy and girl middle school students in Inchon to examine environmental elements which may change vision and cause shortsightedness, and also to find out common knowledge of eye health. Its results are as follows. 1) As school year goes up, the normal eye sighted diminish but the visually handicapped regardless of left and right eyes increase. 2) Among weak sighted students below 0.9, boys are 42.2% and girls are 55.3%, the latter are larger by 13.1 %. Vision weakens rapidly especially for third year girl students. 3) Environmental, individual, everyday life elements which cause shortsightedness are studied, (1) environmental elements; illumination in watching TV and studying (2) individual elements; distance from TV and books, posture in studying (3) everyday life elements; hour of watching TV, hour of using game tools average, hour of studying 4) Knowledge of eye health is generally poor without regard to sex and wearing glasses. So adolescent students are in advance educated proper eye care to prevent shortsighted elements.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find out effect of dynamic balance performance in normal adult when obscuring vision in half of the both eye and to prepare the basic data treatment of brain damage patient with visual field deficit. The subject for this study included 40 healthy right-handed and 20 left-handed were dynamic balance performance when obscuring vision in half of the both eye. who age from 20 to 30 years in normal adult without neurosurgical orthopedic, performance balance disability or other medical disorders. Of these individuals 20 right-handed and 20 left-handed were executed dynamic balance performance when obscuring vision in half of the both eye. individuals of right, left-handed were executed dynamic performance when obscuring vision in half of the both eye measure with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Data print Software Version 5.3. In other to determine the statitsical significance of the result, instrumentation was used to t-test, chisquare of the SAS(Strategic Application Software) The result of the study were that: 1) Significant differences in LOS were found right-handed and left-handed subject when dynamic performance without obscuring vision and obscuring vision(p<0.05). 2) Significant differences in LOS were founded left-handed when dynamic performance were executed obscuring vision and without obscuring vision(p<0.05). 3) Significant differences in LOS were founded right-handed when dynamic performance were executed obscuring vision and without obscuring vision(p<0.05).

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.112-119
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• 2019

Purpose: The advantages of ocular proton therapy are that it spares the optic nerve and delivers the minimal dose to normal surrounding tissues. In this study, it developed a solid eye phantom that enabled us to perform quality assurance (QA) to verify the dose and beam range for passive single scattering proton therapy using a single phantom. For this purpose, a new solid eye phantom with a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) wedge was developed using film dosimetry and an ionization chamber. Methods: The typical beam shape used for eye treatment is approximately 3 cm in diameter and the beam range is below 5 cm. Since proton therapy has a problem with beam range uncertainty due to differences in the stopping power of normal tissue, bone, air, etc, the beam range should be confirmed before treatment. A film can be placed on the slope of the phantom to evaluate the Spread-out Bragg Peak based on the water equivalent thickness value of PMMA on the film. In addition, an ionization chamber (Pin-point, PTW 31014) can be inserted into a hole in the phantom to measure the absolute dose. Results: The eye phantom was used for independent patient-specific QA. The differences in the output and beam range between the measurement and the planned treatment were less than 1.5% and 0.1 cm, respectively. Conclusions: An eye phantom was developed and the performance was successfully validated. The phantom can be employed to verify the output and beam range for ocular proton therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

In this study, we design and implement an eye-gaze estimation system based on the extraction of eye contour and pupil region. In order to effectively extract the contour of the eye and region of pupil, the face candidate regions were extracted first. For the detection of face, YCbCr value range for normal Asian face color was defined by the pre-study of the Asian face images. The biggest skin color region was defined as a face candidate region and the eye regions were extracted by applying the contour and color feature analysis method to the upper 50% region of the face candidate region. The detected eye region was divided into three segments and the pupil pixels in each pupil segment were counted. The eye-gaze was determined into one of three directions, that is, left, center, and right, by the number of pupil pixels in three segments. In the experiments using 5,616 images of 20 test subjects, the eye-gaze was estimated with about 91 percent accuracy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.251-258
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the effects of the combined patterns of PNF(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) on the static balance ability by 20 subjects for 6 weeks. The combined patterns of PNF were carried out by Sprinter and Skater suggested by Dietz which were practiced once a day, 3 times a week. This study were measured normal standing, one leg left and one leg right standing when eye open and close on GOOD BALANCE system. These result lead us to the conclusion that mean velocity of X,Y direction, COP velocity moment were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on Normal Standing Eye Open(NSEO), Normal Standing Eye Close(NSEC), One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC) and Just velocity of X direction were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC). The above results from this study indicated that combined patterns of PNF have improved the static balance ability. However the used self-exercise ca be applied to normal people, i.e., the exercise is difficult to apply into clinical patients. The further study should be focused at development of various modified forms of the combined patterns of PNF in keeping up the improvement effect of the exercise.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

Objective: In general, macular degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma generally cause visual injury in clinical settings. This study aimed to examine the effects of low visual acuity simulations on hand manual dexterity function and brainwaves in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study design Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional study. Seventy healthy young adults participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of low visual acuity simulations on hand function and brain waves, this study involved four different visual conditions including (1) normal vision, (2) simulated cataracts, (3) simulated glaucoma, and (4) simulated macular degeneration. The hand function was measured to use the Minnesota manual dexterity test (MMDT), and the brainwaves was also measured to use the electroencephalography. Results: In hand function, placing and turning performance on the MMDT in the normal visual condition was significantly different than that in the cataract and macular degeneration conditions (p<0.05), and the placing performance was significantly differred in the normal condition than that in the simulated glaucoma. However, turning was not significantly different in the normal condition than that in the simulated glaucoma. The alpha, beta, and gamma waves did not significantly differ among the four visual conditions (p>0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that limited visual information negatively affects the ability to perform tasks requiring arm-hand dexterity and eye-hand coordination. However, the effectiveness of low visual acuity on the brainwaves should be further studied for rehabilitative evidence of visual impairment.