• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the behavioral characteristics of nootropic candidates, entrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, piracetam and red ginseng saponin components on stereotyped sniffing behavior induced by apomorphine in rats. Apomorphine, a direct dopaminergic receptor agonist, induced stereotyped behaviors including sniffing licking growing and biting in a dosedependent manner, and that behaviors were completely inhibited when measured at 1 week after 6-ydroxydopamine(6-HDA) treatment. Centrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, red ginseng total saponin(TS), panaxatriol (PT), and Rg1 enhanced but panaxadiol (PD) inhibited, whereas piracetam and Rb1 were not effective of the sterotyped sniffing behavior induced by apomorphine(1mg/kg). The enhanced stereotyped behavior by centrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, red ginseng total saponin, panaxatriol(PT), and Rg1 seems to have a similarity to entrophenoxine, N-methyl-D-glucamate in modulating of dopaminergic neuroal activity and also my be useful for the nootropic candidates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.283-283
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• 1994

뇌기능개선 약물들(nootropic drugs)은 항치매약물로 기대되나 현재까지 약리학적으로 공통점이 보고되어 있지는 않다. 최근 수종의 뇌기능 개선약물의 작용이 중추도파민신경 활성을 매개로 함이 보고된바 있다. 따라서 apomorphine 투여에 의해 유발되는 상동행동을 지표로 하여 현재 사용중인 뇌기능개선약물과 국내 자원생약 성분의 작용을 비교 검토하였다. 1. apomorphine 투여에 의하여 유발된 상동행동에 대하여 centrophenoxine 과 N-methyl -D-glucamine은 현저한 상승효과를 나타내었으나 Piracetam은 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 인삼사포닌 성분 중 panaxatriol 및 Rgl 성분은 현저한 상승효과를 나타내었으나 total saponine, panaxadiol 및 Rbl 성분은 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

Effects of single and repeated administration of various nootropic candidates were examined on impaired acquisition by single oral administration of 3 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) in step through test. The inhibitory effect of EtOH on acquisition was significantly reduced by single picrotoxin, but not affected by diazepam, acetyl-L-carnitine and apomorphine. Single or repeated red ginseng total saponin and deprenyl, single piracetam, repeated N-methyl-D-glucamine, but not single or repeated protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and centrophenoxine significantly ameliorated the impairment of acquisition by EtOH. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of repeated red ginseng total saponin but not that of repeated N-methyl-D-Glucamine, was significantly blocked by pretreatment of $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine, a inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Whereas, the inhibitory effect of repeated deprenyl on EtOH amnesia was exaggerated by $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine. These results suggest that the amelioration processes of drugs on ethanol amnesia involve complex mechanism between the central GABAergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in memory and learning, although the effects of repeated drugs administration are not yet clear.