• 약학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.635-641
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the immunopotent activities of lepidan, a water soluble proteoglycan from Lentinus lepideus. To examine whether lepidan may affect nonspecific immune responses, we determined the effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Lepidan effectively increased the NO production in IFN-${\gamma}$ and LPS triggered RAW 264.7 cells. To further demonstrate the evidence that lepidan activates various immune cells, we determined the alkaline phosphatase activity, plaque-forming cell number and secretion of interleukine-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after lepidan treatment in murine splenocytes. The results showed that lepidan increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of plaque-forming cells, which indicates that lepidan can lead B lymphocytes to late stage of differentiation. Also, when the splenocytes were cultured with lepidan for 48 hr, the level of IL-4 and GM-CSF in the supernatant dramatically increased. Taken together, these data suggest that lepidan is a biological response modulator that is able to activate immune responses.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2003

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a symptom complex with unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia associated with retro-orbital pain, proptosis and Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ-1, Ⅵ cranial nerves palsy due to nonspecific granulomatous inflammation in the superior orbital fissure or cavernous sinus. We experienced a 50 years old female patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome who had several clinical signs and symptoms such as ocular pain, headache, sensory loss of face, diplopia, and visual disturbance. In the point of Differentiation of Syndrome(辨證). this subject was diagnosed as Deficiency of yin in liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), and was administrated with Yangyeummyungmoktang-Gamibang. After treatment of acupuncture and herbal medicine above symptoms were improved.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2022

Objectve: To inform a clinical usefulness of Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) decoction to treat a refractory abdominal pain especially in eldery. Methods: This case report presents an 85-year old male patient who had been suffered with a refractory abdominal pain without any abnormality in laboratory test and radiological examination for 5-years. The clinical outcome was observed by numerical rating scale (NRS) of self-reporting method. Results: Based on his previous multiple normal examination results from Western hospitals and clinical features including thin body (19.6 BMI), nocturnal pain around lower abdomen and cold-sensitivity, author diagnosed him as "deficiency and cold of liver-Qi (肝氣虛寒)" similar to intestinal spasm. After prescription with Nangan-geon (暖肝煎) for one month, all symptoms became improved notably (NRS 5), and almost completely recovered as a level of normal condition in 3 months (NRS 1). Conclusion: This study would show the potential of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) therapies for a refractory functional abdominal pain, and especially efficacy of Nangan-geon against cold-pattern of nonspecific abdominal pain in elderly patients.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2004

The CMV promoter driven lacZ reporter gene (pcDNA-lacZ) was constructed and used for DNA immunization study. The expression of the lacZ gene was confirmed in vitro using RTG-2 cell line before using for in vivo study in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In the dose response study, the maximum expression of the lacZ gene was found in the group injected with 5 ${\mu} g$ of the plasmid DNA. Kinetic study showed a significantly increased expression of $\beta-galactosidase$ gene at 7 days after injection. Effects of DNA vaccine on specific and nonspecific immune responses such as antibody and NO production were studied and the significant effect was found in olive flounder injected with 10 and 15 ${\mu} g$ DNA (sub optimal dose for lacZ gene expression). Two pro inflammatory cytokine genes, $IL-l\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$, were also found to be up regulated in the muscle injected with the plasmid, suggesting an induction of local inflammatory response.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1976

The Sam Mool Injin extract is occasionally used as a kind of remedies for the treatment of hepatic discomfort in herb medicine. The study for the effect on the hepatic parenchymal cells, especially regenerating activity and even its toxicity have. little been done and only a very few pharmacological properties have been reported. So, an experimental study for the morphologic changes in the acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning of wister rat by administration of its extract has been performed. Male Wister rat weighing around 200gm were used in this experiment. Results were as follows; 1) In the $Ccl_4$ 0.3c.c 7day group, there is noted considerable increase of regenerating activity in the experimental group compared with non-extract treated group, in half of them. 2) Remaining all of the experimental group do not show significant difference of regenerating activity compared with control group. 3) In the group treated with Sam Mool Injin extract alone, there was noted some considerable increase of nonspecific leukocytic infiltrations compared with saline control group. This can be considered as a possibility of hepatic tissue reaction on the Sam Mool Injin extract.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Clinical studies suggested that certain live vaccines, particularly the BCG vaccine, could reduce the mortality due to other diseases caused by non-targeted pathogens, most probably through the nonspecific effects (heterologous effects). By the end of May 2020, the available information on the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the great effect of the BCG vaccine in reducing the number of COVID-19 death cases. The occurrence of death due to COVID-19 was found to be 21-fold lower in countries with a national BCG vaccination policy than in countries without such a policy, based on the medians of COVID-19 death case per 1 million of the population in these two groups of countries (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney test). Therefore, it can be concluded that the early establishment of a BCG vaccination policy in any country is a key element in reducing the number of COVID-19 and tuberculosis death cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.560-564
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• 2000

배경; 아프로티닌(Aprotinin)은 nonspecific serine protease inhibitor로 개심술에서 항염효과와 혈액 응고효과를 갖고 있다. 또한 아프로티닌은 심폐기 작동 중에는 항트롬빈(antithrombin) 효과가 있다. 본 연구는 아프로티닌이 헤파린(heparin)사용 양 및 ACT(activated clotting time) 에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법; 1998년 12월 1일부터 1999년 11월 30일 까지 본원에서 개심술을 받은 환자 중 연령이 18세 이상인 82명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 환자들은 아프로티닌을 사용한 군(Group A)과 사용하지 안흥ㄴ 군(Group C)으로 나누어 연구하였다. 모든 환자에서 수술 전 체중, 신장, 체표면적, pump time, ACC time 등을 조사하였다. ACT의 측정 시기는 헤파린 공급 전, 공급 후 20분, 40분, 60qs과 프로타민 공급 후 20분 등이었다. 또한 ACT 변화 정도를 알아보기 위하여 헤파린 공급 전과 공급 후 20분, 공급 후 40분과 20분 사이의 차이를 조사하였다. 결과; 연구 대상 환자들이 굴변 특징에서는 연령, 펌프시간 및 대동맥차단 사간에서 모두 A군에서 증가된 소견을 보였다. (p<0.05). 헤파린 공급 전과 프로타민 공급 후의 ACT는 두 군에서 차이가 없으며 헤파린 공급 후 20분(607$\pm$22.3, 525$\pm$169초), 40분(889$\pm$315, 546$\pm$103초), 60분 (748$\pm$310, 472$\pm$115 초)에 측정한 ACT는 모두 A군에서 증가된 소견을 보였다. (p<0.05), 헤파린 공급 전과 궁급 후 20분 사이의 ACT 차이는 A한 군에서 증가된 소견을 보였고(p<0.05), 헤파린 공급 후 40분과 20분 사이의 ACT의 차이 또한 A군에서 증가된 소견을 보였다. (p<0.05). 두 군간의 총 헤파린 및 프로타민 사용 양에는 차이가 없었다. (p>0.05). 결론; 결론적으로 아프로티닌은 본 연구에서 CPB time을 고려해 볼 때 헤파린사용 양을 의미있게 줄여 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되며 또한 ACT를 증가시켜 주기 때문에 추가적인 헤파린 감량이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

생쥐 초기배의 배반포 발달율이 BSA첨가 배양액에 Barodon-FX(equation omitted) 첨가로 증가되지 않았으나 PVP 첨가 배양액에 0.25% 첨가에서는 부화배반포 발달율이 54.7%로 대조구(32.5%)보다 크게 향상 되었다(P ＜0.05). 1∼2% Barodon 첨가는 배발달을 월등히 저하시켰다. Barodon 첨가에 따른 체세포 증식율은 BOEC와 GC의 경우 0.25∼0.5%에서 대조구보다 각각 24∼40%와 17∼22%더 크게 증가되었다(P＜0.05). 그러나 GC와 CC에서는 1%이상 첨가시 세포증식이 크게 억제되었다(P ＜0.05). Barodon의 효과는 체세포간에 큰 차이가 있었다. 소 초기배에서 상실배이상의 배발달율은 BOEC와 GC 공배양조건에서 Barodon 0.5% 첨가에서 대조구보다 크게 향상되었다(P＜0.05). 그러나 다른 처리 수준에서는 배 발달율이 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 Barodon의 세포증식효과는 세포종류에 따라 차이가 많았으며 0.5% 수준의 첨가는 소 초기배의 배반포발달율을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1977

It has been reported that administration of Ginseng powder to the Guinea pig reduces anaphylactic shook induced by horse serum (Lee, 1939). However, Lee et al. (1960) and Paik et al. (1976) have demonstrated that Ginseng increases capillary permeabilites and histamine release from the mast cell. These facts suggest that Ginseng acts directly on the bronchial muscle causing it to dilate. Recently, a number of investigators(Kidakawa & Iwasiro 1963; Takagi et al. 1973) have reported that Ginseng reverses acetylcholine- or histamine- induced contraction in the isolated Guinea pig ileum. We, therefore, undertook the present study to examine if Ginseng relaxes the spasm of bronchial muscle induced by acetylcholine or histamine. We have also attempted to identify the mechanism of the Ginseng effect. Male Guinea Pig was sacrificed by a blow on the head, The trachea was removed and sectioned with scissors into about 12 rings. After the 'C' shaped ring of cartilage was sectioned the one end of ring was tied to the bottom of the incubation bath and the other end was connected to a force transducer (FTO 3C) to record tension on a Polygraph. When the antispasmodic action of Ginseng effect was first examined in the normal trachea which was not treated by the drug. And then the Ginseng effect was tested in the muscle treated by histamine hydrochloride, acetylcholine hydrochloride or barium chloride. The results indicate that Ginseng alcohol extract relaxes the contraction of isolated tracheal muscle induced by histamine $(1{\mu}g/ml{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml)$, acetylcholine $(1{\mu}g/ml{\sim}5{\mu}g/ml)$ and barium chloride (1.5 mg/ml). The mechanism of this action is in Pa.1 due to nonspecific antimuscarinic and antihistaminic effect and in part by predominant action in the adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$ although the ${\alpha}-receptor$ is also involved. We, therefore, conclude that Ginseng can be act as a bronchodilator.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2003

Background and Purpose : Allergic rhinitis is a well-known, relatively controllable chronic disease. Although a number of methods for treating allergic rhinitis have been tried, many patients have not been satisfied with their treatment. Therefore, this study tried to evaluate the effect of a cooperative system of Oriental and Western medicine and to develop a new diagnosis protocol for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods : We measured improvement rate and acoustic rhinometry after the allergeninduction test and performed a filter paper test as a nonspecific hypersensitivity test with 60 patients who are allergic to house dust mite. Patients were divided into two groups, one treated with Western medicine only and one treated with both Western and Oriental herbal medicine. For the group with Western medicine only, antihistamine for one week and local steroid medicine for two weeks were prescribed. For the group with combined medicine, Oriental herbal medicine was prescribed according to the patient s constitution, along with Western medicine. After all treatments, the above tests were re-performed and the improvement rate was compared. Results and Conclusion : We observed better results in the group treated with both Western and Oriental herbal medicines, comparing improvement rate and the alteration of total nasal volume through acoustic rhinometry after the allergen induction test. In the filter paper test, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, we showed the additive effect of Oriental herbal medicine without any severe side effects compared with treatment with Western medicine only. In this study, we set only two patient groups, but further study is required to create various experimental groups and compare among them. We suggest that it might enhance understanding of the improved effect of Oriental herbal medicine in the therapy of allergic rhinitis.