• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.303-308
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study is to investigate that word frequency has significant influence on noun definitions in Korean. The experimental group was 80 students from Elementary school, Middle school, High school and University. They rated familiarity and wrote definitions for nouns. Noun definitions were analyzed with semantic categories such as "use/purpose," "description," "association/relation," "partial explanation," "explanation," "error," "partial explanation-attribute," "partial explanation-specific class," "partial explanation-nonspecific class," "explanation-specific class," "explanation-nonspecific class." As a result, they showed familiarity for high-frequency nouns. "EXPL" categories that use class terms or critical attributes were used more frequently in definitions of high-frequency nouns compared with low-frequency nouns. They increased with age and errors decreased with age. Word frequency had a significant influence on noun definitions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.200-202
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• 1981

Alisol B(II) and alisol B monoacetate (III) isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientale Jazepczuk (Alismataceae) showed antagonistic effects against the contractions induced by angiotensin and bradykinin in rat ileum. However, they seem to be nonspecific antagonism.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2015

Prolonged sitting can contribute to low back pain. The lumbar taping can be applied to correct the sitting posture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbar taping on lumbar kinematics and the muscle activities of multifidus (MF) and internal oblique in the individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) as they type for 30 minutes. Nineteen subjects with NSCLBP (9 people in non taping group and 10 people in taping group) were recruited. Lumbar taping was applied to the taping group before typing. Both groups started typing in a neutral sitting position with their feet on the floor. The change of posture and S2 posterior tilting (S2P) were measured to investigate kinematic data. Three sensors were attached on T12, L3, and S2 to identify the change of posture. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activities. Palpation meter was used to standardize the angle of pelvic tilt in sagittal plane before typing. All instruments were used to measure each data before and after typing. Independent t-test was used to compare the changing values of lumbar kinematics and muscle activities before and after typing between both groups. The changing values of S2P and change of posture of L3 and S2 were significantly smaller in the taping group compared to the non taping group (p<.05). The changing value of muscle activities of MF between before and after typing was significantly smaller in the taping group compared to the non taping group (p<.05). In conclusion, the lumbar taping during the 30-minute typing task can be applied to maintain correct sitting posture in the lumbar and pelvis and to maintain activation of MF.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2001

Objectives: This experimental study was carried out to prove the effect of Saenghyuldan(SHD; shengxiedan) on bone marrow failure induced by cyclophosphamide(CY) and irradiation in mice. Methods: The following were performed; immunopathology, histopathlogical findings of bone marrow and in the smear of myelocyte. hematopoietic cytokine(IL-3, GM-CSF, TPO), hematopoietic stem cell colony assay, humoral immunity(LPS mitogen response), cell-mediated immunity (Con A mitogen response) and nonspecific immunity(macrophage adherence & phagocytosis) in vitro or vivo. Results: SHD showed a protective effect on bone marrow failure induced by cyclophosphamide(CY) and irradiation in mice. SHD increased lymphoproliferative responses to LPS and Con A, and activated macrophage adherence and phagocytosis to SRBC. Conclusions: We expect that SHD can be used to treat bone marrow failure and immune suppression induced by the chemotherapy or radiation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.101-103
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• 2018

Cupping therapy (CT) is used in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East and is prevalent in Muslim communities where it is recommended by the Prophet of Islam. The majority of modern, medical practitioners interested in CT, view it as a medical technique and distance themselves from the mechanisms proposed by traditional medicine. However, modern medicine does not offer a valid explanation for the mechanisms involved in CT. There is growing evidence of CT's effectiveness, specifically in chronic pain management when compared to an inactive control, but not against sham treatment. CT accompanied by religion and prayer, as it is in Muslim communities, cannot be considered to be equivalent to any procedures in modern medicine. "Whole System Research" may be the most appropriate trial design to test the ancient practice of CT efficacy whilst pending development of a novel placebo for assessing the connectivity of body and mind interventions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1996

In vitro inhibitory effect of aspalatone ((3-(2-methyl-4-pyronyl)]-2-acetyloxybenzoate) on collagen-, ADP-, and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet rich plasma (PRP) was compared with the effects of reference drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, cilostazol and ticlopidine). Aspalatone inhibited time and dose dependently human platelet aggregation induced by collagen; relative potency was in the order of cilostazol>acetylsalicylic acid>aspalatone>ticlopidine. Aspalatone, like acetylsalicylic acid, potently inhibited only the secondary phase of ADP-and epinephrine-induced aggregation. Thromboxane $B^2$ production evoked by collagen in human PRP was inhibited significantly and concentration-dependently by aspalatone and acetylsalicylic acid. These results were in agreement with the earlier studies in which the antiplatelet action of aspalatone was indicated to be due to the inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity (Han et al., Arzneim. Forsch./Drug Res. 44(II), 1122, 1994; Suh and Han, Yakhak Hoeji 39, 565, 1995). In addition, the inhibitory activity of aspalatone on the platelet aggregation appears to be inversely related to the rate of nonspecific deacetylation of the drug in plasma.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1997

It is generally accepted that parasite-specific IgE plays a crucial role in host defense against helminthic parasites. However, the role of high levels of nonspecific IgE in helminthic infections is still controversial. To investigate the role of nonspecific IgE in primary infections with P. westemani the effect of anti-lgE mAb treatment on serum IgE, $Fc{\varepsilon}RII/CD23$ expression and worm burden in Parcgonimus-infected mice were examined. In mice treated with anti-lgE antibody, the total IgE levels were not detectable ($1{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}/ml}$) throughout the experiment compared with untreated infected mice. The mean percentages of $Fc{\varepsilon}RII/CD23$ positive splenic B cells in anti-lgE treated mice (ridge: 20.3 - 30.5) were also decreased throughout the experiment compared with untreated infected mice (range: 35.7-44.4). Reduction of the total IgE and expression of $Fc{\varepsilon}RII/CD23$ on splenic B cells resulted in decreased worm burden six weeks post infection. These results suggest that high levels of nonspecific IgE in mice with primary infections of P. westemnni play a harmful, rather than beneficial, role for the host, perhaps by interfering with CD23-dependent cellular pathways.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2016

Background: This study clinically evaluated the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) treatment using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Methods: A total of 21 TMD patients were recruited to be treated with BTX-A injections on the bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles and were followed up by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon highly experienced in the TMD treatment. For each patient, diagnostic data gathering were conducted according to the RDC/TMD. Characteristic pain intensity, disability points, chronic pain grade, depression index, and grade of nonspecific physical symptoms were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that more than half of the participants (85.7 %) had parafunctional oral habits such as bruxism or clenching. In comparison between pre- and post-treatment results, graded pain score, characteristic pain intensity, disability points, chronic pain grade, and grade of nonspecific physical symptoms showed statistically significant differences after the BTX-A injection therapy (p < 0.05). Most patients experienced collective decrease in clinical manifestations of TMD including pain relief and improved masticatory functions after the treatment. Conclusions: Within the limitation of our study, BTX-A injections in masticatory musculatures of TMD patients could be considered as a useful option for controlling complex TMD and helping its associated symptoms.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CLBP) in adults aged 18-64 years. Methods: We searched for potentially relevant randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials through five Korean electronic databases (i.e., Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, and National Assembly Library) published from January 2010 to May 2019. Two investigators independently selected the studies based on the criteria and assessed risk of bias in the included studies. We estimated the effect size of interventions using Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.3. Results: Of 10,151 studies, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise reduced low back pain (Hedges's g=-1.53, 95% CI: -2.22 to -0.85) and pain-related disabilities (Hedges's g=-0.92, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.45). We found that taping was effective in decreasing low back pain (Hedges's g=-1.12, 95% CI: -1.51 to -0.73) and pain-related disabilities (Hedges's g=-0.50, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.07). Manual therapy yielded a marginally significant reduction in low back pain (Hedges's g=-2.32, 95% CI: -4.64 to 0.00), the therapy was not effective in decreasing pain-related disabilities. Conclusion: Although there was little evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapy in adults with CLBP, exercise and taping were effective to relieve pain and pain-related disabilities. Based on these findings, we suggest the development of non-pharmacologic interventions or a nursing intervention protocol for the CLBP management. Also, nurses should consider implementation of effective non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.501-505
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• 2005

Immu-Forte composed of chitosan, ${\beta}-glucan$, manno-oligosaccharide and pangamic acid was evaluated for its effectiveness as a nonspecific immunostimulator in mice. The effects of Immu-Forte were determined by analysis of cytokines using ELISA and phenotype of leukocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. All T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in Immu-Forte A-treated group increased in 1 months posttreatment and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control at 1 months posttreatment. All T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages and IL-2 in Immu-Forte EX-treated low and middle dose groups increased in 1 months posttreatment and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control at 1 months posttreatment. In the Immu-Forte soybean-treated group, NK cells and IL-4 were significantly higher in middle dose-treated group, and IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-r were significantly higher in low dose-treated group. In the Immu-Forte F-treated group, all T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, NK cells, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in high dose-treated group and all T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in middle dose-treated group and NK cells, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in low dose-treated group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control at 1 months posttreatment. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that Immu-Forte had an immunostimulatory effect on mice through proliferation and activation of mouse immune cells.