• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2002

Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from different parts of the loquat were investigated to process it as the functional food. The extraction yield showed higher in butanol fraction of 4.95% in peel and 4.42% in seed than others, but water fraction showed high extraction yield of 3.89% in leafs 23.6% in the seedless fruit and 21.1% in fresh, In the antimicrobial activity test, ethyl acetate fraction that leaf and fruit excluded seed inhibited higher 19, 15 mm and 16, 15 m in clear zone far Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in each. Ethyl acetate fraction that extracted from a series of polar and nonpolar solvent fractionation of methanol extracts showed better results in the hydrogen donating activity of 82% in leaf, 74% in seedless fruit, 68% in seed, 52% in peel and 30% in fresh.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.451-455
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• 1994

To detect naturally occurring bioactive compounds from unused marine resources, the screening for the 5-lipoxygenase(potato lipoxygenase-II) inhibitors in Asterina pectinifera, Halocynthia roretzi skin, Nototodarus sloani ink, Anthocidaris crassispina skin, Sargassum horneri, Agarum cribrosum, Odonthalia corymbifera and Desmarestia ligulata was carried out. Water, ether, acetone and methanol fractions extracted from Sargassum horneri had strong inhibitory effect on enzymatic lipid oxidation by potato lipoxygenase-II, and their $IC_{50}$ were 320, 18, 9.5 and $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ of ether fraction extracted from Asterina pectinifera and acetone fraction extracted from Nototodarus sloani ink were 29.5 and $34.3\;{\mu}g/mL$, and these extracts showed relatively excellent inhibitory activity. Nonpolar solvent (ether, acetone) extracts of tested marine organisms had more inhibitory effect against 5-lipoxygenase than the polar solvent(water) extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.406-412
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• 1998

Such extraction conditions as the kinds of solvent, extracting temperature, extracting time, ratio of material to solvent and particle size of material, were studied to maximize the extraction of oleoresin from chipi. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from seeds with nonpolar solvents (hexane, pentane, ether) for extraction, because the seeds contained large amount of crude fats and monoterpene(limonene) volatile compounds. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from peel with polar solvents(methanol, ethanol) of extraction because of large amount of water soluble colors, sugars and oxygenated terpene bolatile compounds in the peel. The application of the solvents in intermediate polarity (dichloromethane, acetone) resulted in more effective extraction of soluble solid and volatile compounds. Expecially, dichloromethane was an excellent solvent in extraction of volatile compounds. In the concern of volatile compound recovery yield, the optimum extraction conditions, such as temperature, time, mixing ratio of material to dichloromethane and mean particle size, were $25^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:10(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi peels and 3$0^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:8(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi seeds, respectively.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to optimize the extraction of beneficial substance from Cudrania tricuspidata leaves grown at Jirisan Mountain in South Korea by three different solvents depending on extraction time and at different temperature. Methods: The total phenolic contents were determined by the method reported by $S{\acute{a}}nchez$-Moreno et al. The total flavonoid contents were analyzed by Slinkard and Singleton. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method reported by Blois Results: The extraction yield for each solvent is 9.05-14.1%, 2.17-5.67%, and 2.3-3.9% for D.W., ethanol, and hexane, respectively. The overall results were maximized for the extract obtained with D.W. for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The average phenol contents were 77.11, 45.64, and 0.343 mg/g at $100^{\circ}C$ in water, $78^{\circ}C$ in ethanol, and $68^{\circ}C$ in hexane, respectively. The flavonoid contents were the highest in the materials extracted with D.W., and were increased with increasing temperature, regardless of the extraction solvents, whether water (green), polar organic ethanol, or nonpolar organic hexane. In the ethanol extract, the flavonoid contents are increased gradually from 5.66 mg/g to 7.73 mg/g. The total flavonoid contents were proportional to the concentrations of the water extracts, ranging from 4.14 mg/g to 48.89 mg/g. The antioxidative activities of the water-extracted compounds are generally increased with increasing temperature from 42.5% to 85.5%. Those of the hexane extracts are increased slowly from 3.79% to 8.8%, while those of ethanol extracts are increased from 29.8% to 47.4%. Conclusion: The extraction yields were dependent upon solvents for extraction as well as extraction time and the temperature. The optimal extraction time was 5 min and the extraction yields were increased with increasing temperature excepted hexane. Of the three tested extraction solvents, the greenest solvent of water shows excellent results, suggesting that water is among the most effective solvents for natural sample extractions for general medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.334-338
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• 1998

Kale(Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is one of Cruciferous vegetables that is closely related to the wild ancestral form of cabbabe. The ethanol extract of kale which contains the active compoundsss under Salmonella assay system was fractionated with chloroform to collect the nonpolar solvent soluble compounds, and then further fractionation was carried out by silica gel column chromatography. Among kale extracts separated by silical gel column chromatography, the fractions of 4, 5 and 6 exhibited strong antimutagenic activities. The major active compounds from the fraction were identified as chlorophyll derivatives by the analysis with HPLC-fritp-MS. The molecular weights of each chlorophyll derivatives in the sample were acquired from the peaks of positive ion atomosphere pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mas spectrometry.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2018

Asimina triloba contains many kinds of annonaceous acetogenins known to have toxicity and/or activity. In this study, analysis of acetogenins was carried out on the extract and its solvent fractions of A. triloba leaves using a liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy(LC-MS). In the extract, the ethanolic extract was significantly higher acetogenin contents than hot water extract. In the analysis of solvent fraction from the ethanolic extract, n-hexane, ethylacetate, and aqueous fraction were contained 85.17~90.92%, 8.96~14.52% and 0.12~0.35% of total acetogenin in the extract. Based on these results, the analytical method is useful for comparing annonaceous acetogenins contents in plant samples. Moreover, when research or product development aiming at the physiological activity of acetogenin such as anticancer activity using A. triloba leaves is performed, a fractionation using a nonpolar organic solvents and alcohol extract may be useful methods. This method can also be used for the purpose of eliminating toxicity as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.959-963
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• 1994

To detect bioactive compounds present in unused marine resources, the screening for the 5-lipoxygenase inhitors in Asterina pectinifera, Halocynthia roretzi skin, Nototodarus sloani ink, Anthocidaris crassispina skin, SArgassum horneri, Agarum cribrosum, Odonthalia corymbifera and Desmarestia ligulata was carried out. THe ether and acetone extracts of Sargassum horneri had the strongest antioxygnic activityon lipid oxidation by potato lipoxygenase-1 (one of 5-lipoygenase) among the tested marine samples and their $IC_{50}$ were 0.3 and 1.1g/ml, respectively. The ether and acetone extracts of Asterina pectinifera, the acetone extracts of Halocynthia roretizi, and the acetone extracts of Nototodarus sloani ink had strong inhibitory activity and their $IC_{50}$ were 72.5, 65, 13.3 and $13.3\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, respectively. In addition, the $IC_{50}$ of the acetone extracts of Agarum cribrosum and Desmarestia ligulata, and the ether extracts of Desmarestia ligulata were 15.5, 35 and $30.5\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, respectively. The nonpolar solvent (ether, acetone) extracts of tested marine organism had more antioxigenic effect against 5-lipoxygenase than the polar solvent(water) extracts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1995

Extraction yields of Hizikia fusiforme and Aloe vera Linne by supercritical carbon dioxide($SC-CO_{2}$) with and without ethanol as a cosolvent, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Alternaria sp. were determined. Both yield and solubility of the extracts from Hizikia fusiforme and Aloe vera Linne by $SC-CO_{2}$ with ethanol were two times greater than those by only $SC-CO_{2}$. All of the extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activities in the decreasing order of bacteria, yeast and fungus. The extracts by $SC-CO_{2}$ with ethanol showed almost the same degree of microbial growth inhibition as those by only $SC-CO_{2}$. Based upon these data, it was speculated that the components soluble in nonpolar solvent might be more responsible for the antimicrobial activity.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1994

The toxic compounds of sorghum stem extracts were isolated by different organic solvents and pH, and characterized and quantified in terms of their inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in Echinochloa colona(L.) Link and radish(Raphanus sativus L.). Sequential partitioning of stem extract with various organic solvents with increasing polarity showed that all fractions of hexane, ethyl ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and the aqueous remainder inhibited germination and seedling growth in E. colona. Of the five fractions, the ethyl ether fraction had the greatest inhibitory effect on E. colona. Further separation of the ethyl ether fraction at different pH(pH 2-11) showed that phytotoxic compounds were acidic. The result indicates that the phytotoxin present in the stem extract may be nonpolar and acidic.