• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

플랜트 증기운 폭발은 TNT 폭발물에 의한 폭발과는 다른 특징이 있으며 압력파 양상과 비슷하다. 대표적인 유형의 폭압 산정법은 TNT 등가량 환산법과 멀티에너지법이 있다. TNT 등가량 환산법은 폭굉과 같은 충격파를 전제로 하며, 멀티에너지법은 폭연과 같은 압력파를 전제로 한다. 본 연구는 세 가지 플랜트 폭발 사례를 적용하여 플랜트 증기운 폭발의 적절한 폭압을 도출하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 폭발 사례에 대하여 피해를 입은 부재를 선정한 후, 단자유도 해석과 비선형 동적 해석을 수행하여 변형과 손상 정도를 비교분석하였다. 구조물의 피해 정도는 TNT 등가량 환산법보다는 멀티에너지법에 의한 폭압을 사용한 경우가 실제 상황에 더욱 근접한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 멀티에너지법의 폭발강도계수를 7 또는 8로 가정할 경우 증기운 폭발의 폭압 모델을 비교적 정확하게 산정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Current Applied Physics
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1473-1479
• /
• 2018

Recently multiferroic materials have attract great interest for the applications on memorial, spintronic and magneto-electric sensor devices for their spontaneous magneto-electric coupling properties. Research and development of the various kinds of multiferroics are indispensable factor for a new generation multifunctional materials. In this research, mechanical, electronic, magnetic and nonlinear optical properties of La modified $BiLaFe_2O_6$ (BLFO) and Mn modified $Bi_2FeMnO_6$ (BFMO) were studied as new members of multiferroic $BiFeO_3$ (BFO) series by first-principles calculations, and compared with the pure BFO to discover the optimized properties. Our results show that BLFO and BFMO have good mechanical stability as revealed by elastic constants that satisfy the stability criteria. All these compounds exhibit anisotropic and ductile nature. The enhanced properties by La and Mn substitution, such as increased hardness, improved magnetism, decreased band gap and comparable second harmonic generation responses reveal that the new multiferroic members of BLFO and BFMO would get wider application than their BFO counterpart. Our study is expected to providing an appropriate mechanical reference data as guidance for engineering of high efficiency multifunctional devices with the BFO series.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2020

Background: This study aims to determine the effective atomic number (Zeff) from dual-energy image sets obtained using a conventional computed tomography (CT) simulator. The estimated Zeff can be used for deriving the stopping power and material decomposition of CT images, thereby improving dose calculations in radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: An electron-density phantom was scanned using Philips Brilliance CT Big Bore at 80 and 140 kVp. The estimated Zeff values were compared with those obtained using the calibration phantom by applying the Rutherford, Schneider, and Joshi methods. The fitting parameters were optimized using the nonlinear least squares regression algorithm. The fitting curve and mass attenuation data were obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The fitting parameters obtained from stopping power and material decomposition of CT images, were validated by estimating the residual errors between the reference and calculated Zeff values. Next, the calculation accuracy of Zeff was evaluated by comparing the calculated values with the reference Zeff values of insert plugs. The exposure levels of patients under additional CT scanning at 80, 120, and 140 kVp were evaluated by measuring the weighted CT dose index (CTDIw). Results and Discussion: The residual errors of the fitting parameters were lower than 2%. The best and worst Zeff values were obtained using the Schneider and Joshi methods, respectively. The maximum differences between the reference and calculated values were 11.3% (for lung during inhalation), 4.7% (for adipose tissue), and 9.8% (for lung during inhalation) when applying the Rutherford, Schneider, and Joshi methods, respectively. Under dual-energy scanning (80 and 140 kVp), the patient exposure level was approximately twice that in general single-energy scanning (120 kVp). Conclusion: Zeff was calculated from two image sets scanned by conventional single-energy CT simulator. The results obtained using three different methods were compared. The Zeff calculation based on single-energy exhibited appropriate feasibility.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.797-804
• /
• 2009

테두리 보에 의한 휨강성이 확보되지 않은 철근콘크리트 플랫 플레이트의 구조설계는 강도 조건 뿐만 아니라 사용성에 의하여 지배받을 수 있다. 특히, 조기 재령 슬래브의 과하중 작용 및 균열 발생은 시공 중인 플랫 플레이트의 처짐을 크게 증가시키므로, 시공 순서 및 슬래브 처짐에 대한 영향은 플랫 플레이트 시스템 설계의 주요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 시공 순서 및 콘크리트 균열 효과를 고려한 슬래브 처짐 산정 과정을 제안한다. 시공단계 및 시공하중이 간편법에 의하여 정의되고, 각 시공단계별로 슬래브 모멘트 및 탄성 처짐, 유효단면2차모멘트가 계산된다. 주열대와 중간대에서의 탄성 처짐은 유효단면2차모멘트 효과에 의해 비탄성 처짐으로 증폭되며, 슬래브 중앙부 처짐은 교차보법에 의하여 산정된다. 제안된 방법은 기존 실험 결과 및 비선형 해석 결과와의 비교를 통하여 검증된다. 또한, 제안법의 적용을 통하여, 시공 중인 플랫 플레이트의 처짐에 대한 시공주기 및 동바리 지지 층 수의 영향이 분석된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 할선강성을 사용하여 반복계산을 수행하는 새로운 비탄성 스트럿-타이 모델인 직접 비탄성 스트럿-타이 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 설계방법은 기본적으로 선형해석을 사용하므로 해석의 용이성과 안정성을 확보할 수 있으며, 동시에 부재의 비탄성 거동을 고려하여 힘의 평형조건과 변위의 적합조건을 동시에 만족시키는 설계를 수행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 해석/설계법의 절차를 정립하였고, 이를 반영한 해석프로그램을 개발하였다. 제안된 방법을 이용한 설계 예를 소개하였으며, 기존의 스트럿-타이 모델과 비교를 통하여 제안된 방법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 본 설계방법은 해석 및 설계의 일괄시스템으로서 과대 인장균열과 스트럿의 취성파괴를 방지하기 위하여 설계자에 의하여 의도된 설계전략을 직접적으로 반영할 수 있다. 본 스트럿-타이 모델은 비선형거동을 해석할 수 있으므로, 부정정 스트럿-타이 모델을 사용할 수 있으며, 스트럿과 타이요소의 국부변형을 제어할 수 있으므로, 다양한 성능수준에 대한 성능기초설계방법으로 사용할 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.255-270
• /
• 2019

Aerodynamic configurations of bridge decks have significant effects on the aerostatic torsional divergence and flutter forsuper long-span bridges, which are onset for selection of suitable bridge decksfor those bridges. Based on a cable-stayed bridge with double main spans of 1500 m, considering typical twin-box, stiffening truss and closed-box section, which are the most commonly used form of bridge decks and assumed that the rigidity of those section is completely equivalent, are utilized to investigate the effects of aerodynamic configurations of bridge decks on aerodynamic instability performance comprised of the aerostatic torsional divergence and flutter, by means of wind tunnel tests and numerical calculations, including three-dimensional (3D) multimode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic analysis. Regarding the aerostatic torsional divergence, the results obtained in this study show twin-box section is the best, closed-box section the second-best, and the stiffening truss section the worst. Regarding the flutter, the flutter stability of the twin-box section is far better than that of the stiffening truss and closed-box section. Furthermore, wind-resistance design depends on the torsional divergence for the twin-box and stiffening truss section. However, there are obvious competitive relationships between the aerostatic torsional divergence and flutter for the closed-box section. Flutter occur before aerostatic instability at initial attack angle of $+3^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$, while the aerostatic torsional divergence occur before flutter at initial attack angle of $-3^{\circ}$. The twin-box section is the best in terms of both aerostatic and flutter stability among those bridge decks. Then mechanisms of aerostatic torsional divergence are revealed by tracking the cable forces synchronous with deformation of the bridge decksin the instability process. It was also found that the onset wind velocities of these bridge decks are very similar at attack angle of $-3^{\circ}$. This indicatesthat a stable triangular structure made up of the cable planes, the tower, and the bridge deck greatly improves the aerostatic stability of the structure, while the aerodynamic effects associated with the aerodynamic configurations of the bridge decks have little effects on the aerostatic stability at initial attack angle of $-3^{\circ}$. In addition, instability patterns of the bridge depend on both the initial attack angles and aerodynamic configurations of the bridge decks. This study is helpful in determining bridge decksfor super long-span bridges in future.