• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2003

In early solidification during the continuous casting of steel slabs, the formation of oscillation marks on the surface of slabs was mainly affected by carbon contents and casting conditions. The control of oscillation mark is required for the HCR(Hot Charged Rolling) process because the deep oscillation marks seriously deteriorate the surface qualities of steel slabs. The metallographic study has revealed that the oscillation mark can be classified principally according to the presence or absence of a small 'subsurface hook' and the depth of the oscillation marks in the subsurface structure at the basis of individual oscillation marks. The subsurface hook of oscillation marks was either straight or curved. When the amount of overflow was small and the subsurface hook was formed in the top of oscillation marks, the subsurface hook was straight and the oscillation mark was shallow. The oscillation marks without subsurface hook have small early solidification shell and were formed wide. The actual negative strip time$(t_N)$ was changed by the effect of meniscus level fluctuation Therefore irregular early solidification shell and oscillation mark were formed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 1989

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system glasses contained P2O5, TiO2 and ZrO2as the nucleating agents were melted and formed. The glass was subsequently heated first to nucleate and then to grow the crystals. At constant nucleating agent content the base glass compositions were varied and the influences of these variations on the crystallization behaviour were investigated. The study was made by measurement of thermal expansion coefficient, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope observation and transmission measurement of crystallized glass specimen in visible region. It was shown that the content of crystalline phase decreased with increasing SiO2 content as well as decresing Li2O in the base glass compositions. As the result of X-ray diffrection analysis, the major crystal was $\beta$-quartz solid solution. The degree of crystallinity which was calculated using the noncrystalline scattering methods increased in S-shape with increasing heat treatment time. This change was similar to that in thermal expansion coefficient. The transmissions of 5mm thick samples were 80-90% in visible ray region.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1996

석회석의 고부가가치 활용의 일환으로 수산화칼슘 현탁액-탄산가스계의 반응을 통해 비정질 탄산칼슘이 합성됨을 주로 연구하였는데 이 합성물들을 확인하기 위하여 수산화칼슘 현탁액의 전기전도도의 연속측정과 생성물의 X선 회절, 전자현미경 등으로 관찰하였다. 초기 반응 생성물은 X선적으로 무정형인 즉, 비정질 탄산칼슘인 것을 규명하였으며 반응 현탁액의 전기전도도값이 비정질 탄산칼슘 합성중 크게 강하되는 특성을 밝혔다. 중간 생성물인 연쇄형 Calcite가 존재함을 밝혔으며 이 생성물은 수산화칼슘으로 합성한 비정질 탄산칼슘에서 변화한 생성물인 것을 규명하였고 비정질 탄산칼슘 합성후 곧 바로 전이되어 결정화됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 온도 변화에 따라 비정질 탄산칼슘 합성시기 및 결정화 시기를 전기전도도를 연속측정하여 rm 변화 특성에 따라 4단계의 생성메타니즘을 규명하였다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

제주도 무문토기의 연구는 제주도의 청동기 시대 및 초기 철기시대 토기의 성격을 밝혀주는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 제주도에서 발굴된 무문토기들을 대상으로, X-선 형광 분석법 및 X-선 회절 분석법을 이용하여 화학적 조성을 분석하고, Mossbauer분광법을 이용하여 토기에 함유된 광물과 산화철의 종류, 원자가 상태 및 자기적 성질을 분석하였다. 제주도 무문토기에는 SiO$_2$와 같은 규산염 광물이 주성분을 이루고 있으며, 비결정질 ferrihydrite함량은 약 5~10 wt% 이하이고, 제주도 무문토기들은 중성 화산암에서 부분적으 로 생성된 제주도 찰흙으로 만들어졌다고 여겨진다. 또한 제주도 무문토기편에 존재하는 철의 원자가 상태는 Fe$^{2+}$와 Fe$^{3+}$ 임을 알 수 있고, 초미세 자기장 값이 순수 goethite값보다 작게 나타나는 것은 찰흙을 빚어 만든 토기를 가열할 때 그 결정구조가 변화되어 Fe이온들의 결합상태가 달라졌기 때문이라고 추정된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.233-245
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to develop the artificially soiled cloth using clay and dyed oleic acid as model soil and to evaluating the detergency by determination of K/S value and chemical analysis. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Correlation were determined between the K/S value and chemical analysis data for the detergency of developed model soil at various conditions and it was found that model soil could be extensively used for the washing examination. 2. The surface reflectance of soiled cloth with clay-oleic acid mixture was measured two wave length band that was converted K/S values and the amount of two components was individually calculated. Positive correlation were found between detergency that obtained from chemical anlysis and K/S values. Therefore, proposed method of soiled cloth with clay-oleic acid mixed soiles could be extensively used for detergency experiment. 3. The attached state of soil of on the artificially soiled cloth which was observed under a scanning electronic microscope showed a different pattern by the sort of soil. And the difference of attached state of soil had great influence upon the detergency. 4. The composition of clay was changed and formated of noncrystalinity was vanished by calcined at $800^{\circ}C$. Because of a noncrystalline of clay, artificially soiled cloth could be prepared more uniformly but the detergency was decreased.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.829-837
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• 2014

Titania-supported chromium oxides with different loadings have been embarked in catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) to inquire association of the formation of crystalline $Cr_2O_3$ with catalytic performances. A better activity in the oxidative TCE decomposition at chosen temperatures was represented when chromium oxides ($CrO_x$) had been dispersed on pure anatase-type $TiO_2$ (DT51D) rather than on phase-mixed and sulfur-contained ones such as P25 and DT51. The extent of TCE oxidation at temperatures below $350^{\circ}C$ was a strong function of $CrO_x$ content in $CrO_x$/DT51D $TiO_2$, and a noticeable point was that the catalyst has two optimal $CrO_x$ loadings in which the lowest $T_{50}$ and $T_{90}$ values were measured for the TCE oxidation. This behavior in the activity with respect to $CrO_x$ amounts could be associated with the formation of crystalline $Cr_2O_3$ on the support surface, that is less active for the oxidation reaction, and an easier mobility of the surface oxygen existing in noncrystalline $CrO_x$ species with higher oxidation states, such as $Cr_2O_8$ and $CrO_3$.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.704-707
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• 1997

카올린에서 추출된 황산알루미늄 용액을 이용하여 정밀화학 분야에서 많은 이용이 기대되고 있는 알루미나 졸의 제조에 대하여 연구하였다. 교반을 하면서 황산알루미늄용액에 암모니아수를 첨가하여 비정질의 일수산화알루미늄(AlO(OH))를 제조하고, 제조된 입자의 표면에 전기이중층을 형성하기 위해서 초산($CH^3COOH$)을 투입하여 안정한 알루미나 졸을 제조하였다. 안정한 알루미나 졸의 제조에 미치는 반응온도, 반응시간, 초산의 농도 등의 영향을 조사하였다. 반응온도 $50{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, A/C(건조된 알루미나 량/첨가된 초산의 량) 1.6 (몰비)에서 안정한 졸의 합성이 가능하였으며, 반응시간에는 거의 영향을 받지않았다. 또한, 알루미나의 함량이 1~5vol%까지의 범위에서 안정한 졸이 제조되었고, 이때 졸의 입자크기는 약 5~10nm 정도이었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1995

YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$, Y2BaCuO5, and binary compounds in the Ba-Cu-O system with the nominal composition of Ba2CuO3, BaCuO2, Ba3Cu4O7, Ba3Cu5O8 were synthesized to investigate the heat evolutions and crystalline phases in the hydration reaction of orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$ phase. The observed crystalline phases were YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$, Y2BaCuO5, and BaCuO2, or Ba2Cu3O5＋x, and some amount of noncrystalline phase in the Ba-Cu system comounds. In contact with distilled water, YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$ and Y2BaCuO5 did not have considerable heat liberation, but in the binary compounds of the Ba-Cu-O system, the amount of total heat liberation was increased with respect to the Cu content. It might be that the reaction of high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-$\delta$ with water and/or moisture originated from the unusual oxidation state of Cu ion and the presence of amorphous Ba-Cu oxide compound. The degradation of high Tc superconductor by moisture and water could be controlled by restricting the heterogeneous distribution of Tc comlposition and the formation of second phase, such as stable Y2BaCuO5, and the resulting unstable Ba-Cu oxide compound.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.505-510
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• 1999

n-butanol 용매 내에서 titanium n-butoxide의 가수분해 반응에 의하여 $TiO_2$ 분말을 합성하였고, 가수분해 반응 메카니즘은 UV-Vis 분광법에 의하여 조사하였다. 가수분해 반응시 물의 농도를 과량으로 하여 반응이 유사일차반응으로 진행하도록 하였다. 이러한 농도 조건에서 얻어진 분말의 상(phase)을 XRD에 의하여 확인하였으며 반응속도는 Guggenheim method를 이용하여 계산하였다. 합성 결과 얻어진 분말은 생성 초기 비결정 상태에서 열처리 과정을 거치면서 rutile 구조로 상전이 하였다. 속도상수로부터 얻어진 물분자수(n-value)와 열역학적 파라미터로부터 titanium n-butoxide의 가수분해 반응은 Interchange-Associative(Ia)메카니즘으로 진행하는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2003

In the undercooled melt of $Pd_{40}Cu_{30}Ni_{10}P_{20}$ alloy, the solidification behavior including nucleation and growth of crystals at the micrometer level has been observed in-situ by use of a confocal scanning laser microscope combined with an infrared image furnace. The $Pd_{40}Cu_{30}Ni_{10}P_{20}$ alloy specimens were cooled from the liquid state to glass transition temperature. 575 K, at various cooling late under a helium gas flow. According to the cooling rate, the morphologies of the solidification front are changed among various types, irregular jog like front, columnar dendritic front, cellular grain, star like shape jog and fine grain, etc. The velocities of the solid-liquid interface are measured to be $10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-8}$ m/s which are at least two orders higher than the theoretical crystal growth rates. Combining the morphologies observed in terms of cooling rates and their solidification behaviors, we conclude that phase separation takes place in the undercooled molten $Pd_{40}Cu_{30}Ni_{10}P_{20}$ alloy. The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram was constructed from solidification onset time at various linear cooling conditions with different rate. The CCT diagram suggests that the critical cooling rate for glassy solidification is about 1.5 K/s, which is in agreement with the previous calorimetric findings.