• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.495-511
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• 1996

To investigate the effectiveness of the freeze-dried allografts and fibrin glue in bone grafts, the status of new bone formation and union of the grafted bone were observed in three types of grafting bones; autogenic bone(AT), allogenic bone(AL), and allogenic bone particles mixed with fibrin glue(FG). These were transplanted into non-union fracture model of 7 adult dogs with 2cm defect made in the proximal metaphysis of both fibulae. The autogenic and allogenic grafting bones had been treated by a modified freeze-dried method. The serial radiogram were observed the repair process of grafted bones biweekly until 17 or 21 weeks after transplantation and the observation of histological aspects, tetracycline double labeling and microradiography in the grafted bones were undertaken at 17 or 21 weeks after transplantation. The incorporation of bone minerals to the non-union fracture models were accomplished in 4 of 5 cases grafted with AL and in 2 of 4 cases grafted with AT. None of 5 cases grafted with FG were incorporated. The process of new bone formation and resorption in the grafted bones were observed three types; resorption of the grafted bones after newbone formation(type A) in 4 cases, new bone formation after resorption(type B) in 2 cases and complete or incomplete resorption without new bone formation(type C) in 8 cases. The modified freeze-dried method used in this study contributed to inhibite the rejection in allogenic grafts but the union period of the grafted freeze-dried bone was more prolonged than that of fresh autografts. Fibrin glue did not contribute to induce a new bone formation ofbone grafts.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2016

Tibial defect, or fracture is very routine musculoskeletal case which brings fully uncomfortable and painful situations to patient. Moreover, it has long hospitalization period because of its risk of non-union. There are many studies using ultrasound, vibration, and laser for bone regeneration to figure out fast bone healing. Among them, Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is already known that it is very easy to treat and may have positive effect for bone regeneration. However, LLLT has uncertain energy dose because of scattering and absorption of laser in tissue. In this study, we used interstitial LLLT to treat tibial defect in animal study. The Interstitial LLLT can overcome some limitations caused by laser scattering or absorption in tissue medium. The results were evaluated using u-CT which can calculate X-ray attenuation coefficient and bone volume of bone defect area. These results showed that interstitial LLLT may affect fast bone healing process in early phase.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical outcomes of plate fixation using autologous iliac bone graft shaped in the form of a matchstick in clavicle nonunion resulting from prior surgical or non-surgical management. Methods: From May 2005 to February 2013, 17 patients underwent surgery for clavicle nonunion. The mean age at the time of surgery was 48.8 years. The iliac bone was harvested and shaped into slivers approximately 3 cm long, which resembled matchsticks. After opening of the medullary canal, the plate and screws were applied and cancellous bone was placed at the nonunion site. Matchstick bone grafts which were longitudinally placed and encircled on the nonunion site were tied with periosteum using 3-4 stitches. Union was determined via postoperative plane X-ray. Clinical status was evaluated using the visual analogue scale score for pain, and Constant and American Shoulder Elbow Surgeon score. Results: All patients had a stable radiological union at the follow-up. The mean duration from index operation to nonunion operation was 13.2 months (7-32 months). The mean follow-up period was 20.1 months (8-56 months), and the mean duration until union was 11.2 weeks (8-16 weeks). All clinical scores were improved at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The mean segmental defect was $3.3{\pm}2.6mm$ (1-18 mm); and the difference in clavicular length between operative and non-operative site was $5.9{\pm}6.9mm$. Conclusions: Matchstick shaped autologous iliac bone grafting technique in clavicle nonunion is acceptable with a high union rate.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1016-1023
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• 2018

Regenerative orthopedics needs significant devices to transplant human stem cells into damaged tissue and encourage automatic growth into replacements suitable for the human skeleton. Soft biomaterials have similarities in mechanical, structural and architectural properties to natural extracellular matrix (ECM), but often lack essential ECM molecules and signals. Here we engineer mineralized polysaccharide beads to transform MSCs into osteogenic cells and osteoid tissue for transplantation. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP-2) and indispensable ECM proteins both directed differentiation inside alginate beads. Laminin and collagen IV basement membrane matrix proteins fixed and organized MSCs onto the alginate matrix, and BMP-2 drove differentiation, osteoid tissue self-assembly, and small-scale mineralization. Augmentation of alginate is necessary, and we showed that a few rationally selected small proteins from the basement membrane (BM) compartment of the ECM were sufficient to up-regulate cell expression of Runx-2 and osteocalcin for osteoid formation, resulting in Alizarin red-positive mineral nodules. More significantly, nested BMP-2 and BM beads added to a non-union skull defect, self-generated osteoid expressing osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) in a chain along the defect, at only four weeks, establishing a framework for complete regeneration expected in 6 and 12 weeks. Alginate beads are beneficial surgical devices for transplanting therapeutic cells in programmed (by the ECM components and alginate-chitosan properties) reaction environments ideal for promoting bone tissue.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

목적: 골 종양의 수술적 치료 후 발생한 골 결손에 대해 골 대체물의 하나인 탈무기화 골 기질(Demineralized Bone Matrix, Genesis$^{(R)}$)을 이용하여 치료하고 그 결과를 임상적 및 방사선학적으로 분석하여 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2012년 2월부터 2013년 5월까지 골 종양의 수술적 치료 후 발생한 골 결손에 대해 골 대체물의 하나인 탈무기화 골 기질(Demineralized Bone Matrix, Genesis$^{(R)}$)을 이용하여 치료하였다. 총 25예의 양성 골 종양 환자에서 시행하였으며, 남자 15명, 여자 10명이었고, 평균연령은 30.3세였다. 양성 골 종양의 종류별로 보면 고립성 골낭종이 9예, 비경화 섬유종 5예, 섬유성 이형성증 5예, 동맥류상골낭종 3예, 내연골종 3예였다. 부위별로 원위 대퇴골 5예, 근위 경골 4예, 근위 대퇴골 3예, 근위 상완골 3예, 수지골 3예, 원위 요골 2예, 골반골 2예, 종골 2예, 견갑골 1예였다. 자가골을 함께 사용한 경우가 6예, DBM 단독으로 사용한 경우가 19예였다. 추시 기간은 최단 6개월에서 최장 14개월로 평균 8.7개월이었다. 주기적인 추시에서 관찰된 단순 방사선 사진에서 DBM의 이식물의 흡수 정도와 골 생성 정도를 술 후 사진과 비교하여 백분율로 표시하여 관찰하였다. 흡수 정도는 단순 방사선 사진에서 관찰할 수 있는 DBM의 부피의 변화로 측정하였고, 골 생성 정도는 결손부의 골 소주의 생성 정도로 측정하였다. 결과: 총 25예 중 23예에서 골 유합(Bone union)을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 골 유합을 보인 23예는 술 후 평균 4.3개월에 98% 이상의 DBM 흡수율을 관찰할 수 있었고 술 후 평균 6.9개월에는 98% 이상의 골 생성을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 골 결손의 양이 적은 경우 골 형성이 빨랐다(p=0.036). 하지만 그 외 환자의 성별, 나이, 자가골의 첨가 여부 등은 이식물의 흡수율이나 골 생성에 통계학적 유의성은 없었으며, 모든 경우에서 최종 추시 상 특이한 합병증은 없었다. 결론: 양성 골 종양의 수술적 치료 후 발생한 골 결손의 치료제로서 탈무기화 골 기질은 유용할 것으로 생각되나, 장기간의 추시 관찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

Since callus distraction technique was applied clinically for the correction of dentofacial deformity to the patients with hemifacial dysplasia by McCarthy in 1992, many surgeons have tried to apply this method to the maxillofacial region. But this technique has some drawbacks. One of the disadvantages of this technique is extensive scar formation in the facial area, which is a sequelae of extraoral approach for supraperiosteal dissection of the periosteum overlying the mandible. Recently, we have made an effort to perform this technique through intraoral approaches to prevent scar formation on the submandibular area and modified the design of the osteotomy, that is step osteotomy technique, to increase the raw bone surface on both osteotomized segments. The rationale for the application of this step osteotomy technique is to increase the amount of regenerated bone and the length of distraction, to avoid damage of inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle, and to increase initial stability of the splitted segments. Step osteotomy procedure can be done with fine micro-osteotomy saw through subperiosteal tunneling. Extraoral pins should be inserted before making the osteotomy. Since 1994 we have applied this technique at 8 sites In 5 patients with mandibular deficiencies: 2 cases of hemifacial microsomia, 1 case of developmental facial asymmetry and 2 cases of mandibular bony defect. Mandibular elongation have been achieved from 12 to 20mm in length. 1 out of 8 site, we experienced non-union in the case of mandibular body defect. Some skeletal relapse and growth retardation phenomenon have been observed in some cases with the longest follow-up of 48 months.