• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.605-617
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국과 미국의 중등 수학 교과서에 사용된 비문자적 표상의 특성과 역할을 다양성, 상황성, 연결성이라는 분석틀을 활용하여 탐구하였다. 비문자적 표상이란, 문자들로만 혹은 상징들로만 표현되지 않는, 교과서에 포함된 시각적 표상들로, 사진이나 그림과 같은 회화적 표상과 그래프 혹은 수학적 도형과 같은 수학적 표상들을 포함하고 있다. 수학 교수 학습에서의 시각적 표상의 중요성에도 불구하고, 기존 연구는 교과서에서 사용되는 비문자적 표상의 특성과 역할의 교육적 의미를 간과해 왔다. 본 연구에서 현재 사용되고 있는 수학교과서 18종(미국 5종, 한국 13종)을 분석한 결과, 비문자적 표상은 각각의 사회 문화적 상황에서 어떤 수학에 중점을 두고 어떻게 가르칠 것인가 하는데 대한 인식을 반영하고 있었다. 예를 들면, 미국 교과서는 회화적 표상과 상황성을 지닌 비문자적 표상이 주류를 이루어 수학의 활용에 초점을 두었던데 반해, 한국 교과서는 수학적 연결성이 강하고 추상적인 비문자적 표상이 주류를 이루어 수학적 표현과 엄밀성에 중점을 두었다. 이러한 비문자적 표상의 특성의 차이는 수학학습의 목적과 방법론에 따른 각 사회문화적 차이를 반영할 뿐만 아니라 이에 따른 다른 "학습기회 (opportunities to learn)"를 제공함으로써 학생들의 수학 학습에 대한 인식에도 영향을 줄 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구는 학습기회로서 비문자적 표상을 재인식하여야 하며 더 나아가 이에 대한 지속적인 연구와 교육과정 개발에의 반영이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.181-217
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• 2020

This study explores how pre-service teachers (PSTs) view, interpret, and utilize non-textual elements (NTEs) in mathematics curriculum. Fifty-two PSTs, who enrolled in a mathematics methods course at a Midwestern university in the U.S., engaged in a three-part task that consisted of evaluations and modifications of NTEs in the sample mathematics curriculum materials. We ascertain what PSTs consider to be the strengths and weaknesses of NTEs, how they define the primary goals of NTEs, and how they would work to modify or adapt existing NTEs with effective teaching in mind. By using the Curricular Noticing Framework, we can better understand how PSTs recognize opportunities within mathematics curriculum and gain a deeper understanding regarding how PSTs' prior experiences may affect their curricular-attending habits, which has consequences for their future teaching. Findings indicate that PSTs understand NTEs to be simply a support for traditional mathematics curriculum, rather than tools on their own. Also, they tend to prefer NTEs that are familiar to them. From our findings, we draw implications for teacher educators who support PSTs' interpretation and utilization of NTEs.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.117-149
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• 2004

The paper is to argue against the asymmetric CP-V2 analysis of Old English, according to which finite verbs invariably undergo movement into a clause-final T within subordinate clauses and reach the functional head C within main clauses. The asymmetric CP-V2 analysis, first of all, faces difficulty in explaining a wide range of post-verbal elements within subordinate clauses. To resolve the problem, the analysis has to abandon the obligatoriness of V-to-T movement or introduce various types of extraposition whose status is dubious as a legitimate syntactic operation. Obligatory V-to-T movement in Old English lacks conceptual justification as well. Crosslinguistic evidence reveals that morphological richness in verbal inflection cannot entail overt verb movement. Moreover, the operation is always string-vacuous under the asymmetric CP- V2 analysis and has no effect at the interfaces, in violation of the principle of economy. The distribution of Old English finite verbs in main clauses also undermines the asymmetric CP-V2 analysis. Conceptually speaking, a proper syntactic trigger cannot be confirmed to motivate obligatory verb movement to C. The operation not only gets little support from nominative Case marking, the distribution of expletives, or complementizer agreement but also requires the unconvincing stipulation that expletives as well as sentence-initial subjects result from string-vacuous topicalization. Finally, textual evidence testifies that Old English sometimes permits non-V2 ordering patterns, many of which remain unexplained under the asymmetric CP-V2 analysis.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1047-1065
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• 2010

English inversion constructions are not only hard for non-native speakers to learn but also difficult to teach mainly because of their intriguing grammatical and discourse properties. This paper addresses grammatical issues in learning or teaching the so-called 'predicate inversion (PI)' construction (e.g., Equally important in terms of forest depletion is the continuous logging of the forests). In particular, we chart the grammatical (distributional, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic) properties of the PI construction, and argue for adata-driven teaching for English grammar. To depart from the arm-chaired style of grammar teaching (relying on author-made simple sentences), our teaching method introduces a datadriven teaching. With total 25 university students in a grammar-related class, students together have analyzed the British Component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-GB), containing about one million words distributed across a variety of textual categories. We have identified total 290 PI sentences (206 from spoken and 87 from written texts). The preposed syntactic categories of the PI involve five main types: AdvP, PP, VP(ed/ing), NP, AP, and so, all of which function as the complement of the copula. In terms of discourse, we have observed, supporting Birner and Ward's (1998) observation that these preposed phrases represent more familiar information than the postposed subject. The corpus examples gave us the three possible types: The preposed element is discourse-old whereas the postposed one is discourse-new as in Putting wire mesh over a few bricks is a good idea. Both preposed and postposed elements can also be discourse new as in But a fly in the ointment is inflation. These two elements can also be discourse old as in Racing with him on the near-side is Rinus. The dominant occurrence of the PI in the spoken texts also supports the view that the balance (or scene-setting) in information structure is the main trigger for the use of the PI construction. After being exposed to the real data and in-depth syntactic as well as informationstructure analysis of the PI construction, it is proved that the class students have had a farmore clear understanding of the construction in question and have realized that grammar does not mean to live on by itself but tightly interacts with other important grammatical components such as information structure. The study directs us toward both a datadriven and interactive grammar teaching.