• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제67권
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• pp.177-208
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• 2014

이 연구는 1920~1930년대 식민지 시기 신문의 사회면-사회적 보도가 정치적으로 부호화되고 해독되는 양식화의 메커니즘을 분석하고 있다. 민족국가와 정치부재, 그리고 주밀한 검열체제 하에서 신문은 비정치적 장르를 정치화하는 담론전략을 시도하며 사회면은 이 식민지적 맥락 안에서 정치적 언설로 구성되고 해독되었다. 이를 규명하기 위해 첫째 민간지의 사회면의 위상 및 편집방향, 둘째 사회면의 사회적 사실을 생산하기 위한 취재, 조직, 기자, 기사작법, 셋째 사회면을 둘러싼 신문과 기자의 부호화 전략 및 이에 공조하는 독자의 해독 규약을 분석했다. 사회면 또는 사회적 사실의 정치적 양식화는 객관적 사실보다 이면의 심리적 사실을 중시하고, 식민지 현실의 부정적 현상(現狀)에 주목하면서 운명공동체로서 민족적 비참을 형상화하며 뉴스를 극적 구조의 감정적 현실 서사(實事敍辭)로 구성하였다. 사회면은 민족공동체적 감각을 공유하고 유지하는 데 의미를 부여하며 이를 위해 민족적 감정을 동요하는 취재보도와 기사의 양식화를 이룬 것이다. 식민지에서는 모든 사회적 사실들이 정치적 문제로 환원된다는 점을 전제하면 사회면에 배치되는 사회적 사실들에 정치적 함의를 덧씌우기 위한 식민지 지식인/기자들의 전략과 전술, 의도는 식민지 저널리즘의 한 특수한 양상을 드러낸다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-53
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• 1989

In the past twenty years, there has been a rapid increase in the volume of traffic in Korea due to the Korean great growth of the Korean economy. Since transformation provides an infrastructure vital to economic growth, it becomes more and more an integral part of the Korea economy. The importance of coastal shipping stands out in particular, not only because of the expansion limit on the road network, but also because of saturation in the capacity of rail transportation. In spite of this increase and its importance, coastal shipping is falling behind partly because it is givenless emphasis than ocean-going shipping and other inland transportation systems and partly because of overcompetition due to excessive ship tonnage. Therefore, estimating and planning optimum ship tonnage is the first take to develop Korean coastal shipping. This paper aims to estimate the optimum coastal ship tonnage by computer simulation and finally to draw up plans for the ship tonnage balance according to supply and demand. The estimation of the optimum ship tonnage is peformed by the method of Origin -Destimation and time series analysis. The result are as follows : (1) The optimum ship tonnage in 1987 was 358, 680 DWT, which is 54% of the current ship tonnage (481 ships, 662, 664DWT) that is equal to the optimum ship tonnage in 1998. this overcapacity result is in excessive competition and financial difficulties in Korea coastal shipping. (2) The excessive ship tonnage can be broken down into ship types as follows : oil carrier 250, 926 DWT(350%), cement carrier 9, 977 DWT(119%), iron material/machinery carrier 25, 665 DWT(117%), general cargo carrier 17, 416DWT(112%). (3) the current total ship crew of 5, 079 is more than the verified optimally efficient figure of 3, 808 by 1271. (4) From the viewpoint of management strategy, it is necessary that excessive ship tonnage be reduced and uneconomic outdated vessels be broken up. And its found that the diversion into economically efficient fleets is urgently required in order to meet increasing annual rate in the amounts of cargo(23, 877DWT). (5) The plans for the ship tonnage balance according to supply and demand are as follows 1) The establishment of a legislative system for the arrangement of ship tonnage. This would involve; (a) The announcement of an optimum tonnage which guides the licensing of cargo vessels and ship tonnage supply. (b) The establishment of an organization that substantially arrangement tonnage in Korea coastal shipping. 2) The announcement of an optimum ship tonnage both per year and short-term that guides current tonnage supply plans. 3) The settlement of elastic tariffs resulting in the protect6ion of coastal shipping's share from other tonnage supply plans. 4) The settlement of elastic tariffs resulting in the protection of coastal shipping's share from other transportation systems. 4) Restriction of ocean-going vessels from participating in coastal shipping routes. 5) Business rationalization of coastal shipping company which reduces uneconomic outdated vessels and boosts the national economy. If we are to achieve these ends, the followings are prerequisites; I) Because many non-licensed vessels are actually operating and threatening the safe voyage of the others in Korea coastal routes, it is necessary that those ind of vessels be controlled and punished by the authorities. II) The supply of ship tonnage in Korean coastal routes should be predently monitored because most of the coastal vessels are to small to be diverted into ocean-going routes in case of excessive supply. III) Every ship type which is engaged in coastal shipping should be specialized according to the characteristics of its routes as soon possible.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.233-245
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• 2012

이 연구는 지역단위 예방접종률 시범조사를 통해 획득한 다양한 예방접종 자료를 분석하여 예방접종의 수진 관련 요인을 파악, 분석하였다. 2005년 2월부터 4월까지 일개 도농복합 지역사회 영유아 전수를 대상으로 해당 연령의 영유아들이 거주하는 가구를 조사자가 직접 방문하여 보호자를 대상으로 설문조사하였으며, 접종조사력에 대한 확인은 예방접종수첩자료를 우선적으로 하고, 없을 시에는 보호자의 기억력에 의존하여 조사하였다. 또한 2005년 5월부터 7월까지 지역 가구조사에서 확인된 예방접종 의료 기관을 대상으로 예방 접종력 확인 조사를 실시하였는데, 논산 및 대전지역 병의원에 대해서는 조사자가 직접 방문하였고, 타지역의 경우 우편 설문조사를 시행하였다. 예방접종수첩에 근거한 국가필수예방접종률은 DTaP 4차(79.3%)를 제외하고 92.7~96.4%였으며, 국가예방접종 완전접종률은 74.0%, 4:3:1 시리즈 완전접종률은 77.1%였다. 국가필수예방접종의 완전접종은 주 양육자가 부모인 경우(19개월 이상 영유아에서 교차비 0.59, 95% 신뢰구간 0.39-0.87), 출생순위가 셋째 이상에 비해 빠를수록(24개월 이상 영유아에서 교차비 1.79, 95% 신뢰구간 1.05-3.03) 접종률이 유의하게 높았다. 4:3:1 시리즈 완전접종은 19개월 이상 영유아에서 주양육자가 부모인 경우(교차비 0.58, 95% 신뢰구간 0.38-0.88), 출생순위가 첫째아일수록(교차비 1.94, 95% 신뢰구간 1.21-3.14) 접종률이 높았으며, 24개월 이상 영유아에서는 출생순위가 첫째아에서(교차비 2.23, 95% 신뢰구간 1.27-3.91) 유의하게 높았다. 90% 미만의 예방접종률을 보인 부적절한 수준의 예방접종에 대한 대책이 필요하며, 완전접종률을 높이기 위해서는 양육하는 부모의 존재와 출생순위 파악과 이에 대한 중재대책이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.117-139
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• 2003

The purpose of this research lies in presenting logical viability for the measures that curtail access to lewd Internet contents by middle school students amidst the reality in which lewd contents are circulated freely through the Internet, a medium that the middle school students find most easy to access. In order to establish right form of awareness towards sex, this research identified the ways they access the lewd Internet contents, their reaction after the exposure to those contents, their knowledge of sex, their concerns regarding sex and their accessibility to sexual activities in order to conduct a comparative analysis on the relationship between lewd Internet contents and their awareness of sex. First, realities of accessing lewd Internet contents and reactions according to the demographics of middle school students There isa significant difference in the experience of accessing lewd Internet contents in terms of gender. Mostly, male students tend to access the contents more. As for the way they access the lewd Internet contents, both male and female students replied that they access through spam mail of lewd nature. Thus, measures to address this problem are needed urgently. As to when they first accessed the lewd contents, most of the research subjects replied that they accessed either in elementary school period or in the early middle school period. This shows that most of the students got exposed to lewd contents even before they could establish positive, correct awareness of sex. Thus, there is a risk that they may formulate wrong kind of sexual awareness. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop measures through focused sex education. Students are divided into two groups according to the time they spend on the contents averagely: those who spend over one hour and those who spend less than an hour on the lewd contents. If the students spending longer hours are not to be checked and properly guided, it may lead to increasing cases of sexual delinquencies due to their wrongly formed awareness of sex. When the question of existence(non-existence) of guardian was addressed, students with both parents tend to access the lewd Internet contents in a more diverse manner and tend to access more compared to those students from single parent or no-parent families. Accordingly, guardians need to pay attention to how their children are using the Internet. Second, awareness of sex depending on the middle school students' demographics In case of sexual knowledge, middle school students shows relatively high level of knowledge. In particular, female students are found more knowledgeable than male students, and the students in upper years are more knowledgeable as well. As a result, this research recommends that the students in lower years should be guided with more basc and detailed information, while those in upper years need to be taught to form and express their own thoughts and attitudes and to build up independence on this matter. In case of worries about sex, both male and female students don't worry too much about it. However, male students are more concerned about sex than female students in a more diverse ways. As for the differences by academic year, concerns for sex increase, as students get older. Accordingly, sex education that helps establish sound perception of the opposite sex and that focuses on the etiquettes that one must adhere to at the presence of the opposite sex need to be conducted against middle school students. In case of accessibility to sex, male students manifest higher tendency than female students. As for the differences by academic year, those in the first and second years show higher accessibility than those in their third year. In general, younger students tend to be more open-minded toward sex. Accordingly, students in lower academic years need to undergo basic knowledge oriented sex education, whereas those in upper academic years need to undergo discussion centered sex education where they subject to questions regarding their attitude and opinion. Third, relationship between the reactions after the exposure to the lewd Internet contents and their awareness of sex As the frequency of contact with lewd Internet contents increases, awareness of sex increases as well. Thus, the lewd Internet contents contribute to the increase in students' concern for sex as well as increase in accessibility to sex, which eventually become barriers to students' establishment of a healthy perception of sex. Reactions to sex after the exposure to lewd Internet contents and awareness of sex indicate a significant correlation. However, negative correlation is manifested with knowledge of sex. Thus, it is possible to know that the greater access to lewd Internet contents does not necessarily translate into increase in knowledge of sex. However, the study showed there is a correlation between concerns for sex and the level of accessibility to sex. In more detail, the more reactions to the contents they show, the more concerns for sex they have and the more positively they take acceptability to sex. Moreover, it is necessary to develop necessary measures since textbooks today do not include measures needed to address the lewd Internet contents. Given the above findings, it is necessary to continue to complement structural measures in order to prevent easy access of lewd Internet contents by middle school students. Moreover, it is necessary to be considerate of the students so that they themselves can form a healthy Internet culture and grow up within positive framework for the sex education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 1968

During a period of about one year(November '66 to December '67), the Yonsei University College of Medicine conducted a field trial of the oral contraceptive(Ovulen) in order to study its acceptability and use-effectiveness among IUD drop-outs in Koyang county. We can summarize the outstanding findings from this investigation as follows; 1. 61.4% of the IUD drop-outs interviewed (911 women) wanted to use the pill. Most of the reasons for not wanting to use it(352 women) pertained to either use of other contraceptive methods(98) or subfecundity(150) following IUD terminations. Only 83 out of 911 women gave reasons related to the difficulty of obtaining pills. Therefore, we can state that most IUD drop-outs if still in need of a contraceptive methods are in favor of trying the pill, and especially so if this method is conveniently available. 2. The 467 women or 37% of those who terminated IUD use actually visited the clinic for medical screening, and only 11 of them or 2.4% were rejected because of pregnancy and other medical reasons such as cervical erosion, myoma, breast mass, etc. 5.5% or 25 of the 456 women who received the first cycle did not take a single pill during the study period. 3. When we defined those 431 women who accepted and took one or more tablets we found that women over age 30, with 4 or more children, and/or with a higher educational level were the best prospects for recruitment. 4. In accuracy of use, about two thirds of the users started taking the pill on the 5 th day as directed for the first three cycles, but the percentages rose sharply to about 80% in later cycles. Tardiness in starting pill use in the first cycle may have occurred partly because they had to return to the clinic monthly to get each new cycle. Among acceptors who did not quit between cycles, 80 to 90% were regular users, missing two or less tablets in each cycle. 5) More than 60% of the users felt well and sometimes lost their pre-acceptance symptoms. especially dysmenorrhea. However, 27.4% (58 women) had side effects attributable to the pill compund as nausea, vomiting, indigestion, breast tenderness, decreased lactation or breakthrough bleeding. 25.0% (53 women) also complained of medical diseases or symptoms not related to the pill, especially during the first three cycles. However, as the confidence and experience of the client and the field workers grew, the incidence of unrelated medical complaints quickly fell to a lower level in the later cycles. 6. As of the end of this study, on December 31, 1967, 49.2% (212 women) had discontinued the use of the pill for medical reasons as well as for the non medical reasons. Only one case terminated use due to a pregnancy after taking pills. The cumulative continuation rates (by the life table method), were 58.9%, 51.9%, 41.0% at the end of 3 months, 6 months and one year, respectively. These rates are lower than in the U.S. studies. Even when we add the retaking group to the first segment, the continuation rate goes up only about 5% above the first segment rates mentioned above. Possible explanations are different dosages, the newerness of the method and the use of only one point for pill distribution in the country together with a monthly return for cycle 1, 2, 3, and 4-6.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2008

상변화 메모리 재료로 사용 가능한 In-Sb-Te (IST) 박막을 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 사용하여 증착한 후 열처리를 통해 온도에 따른 결정화 거동 및 미세구조를 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 통해 분석하였다. IST 박막은 as-dep 상태에서 비정질상으로 존재하였으며, 열처리 온도에 따라 결정상인 InSb, $In_3SbTe_2$, InTe으로 상변화가 일어났다. 이러한 상변화는 기존의 삼원계 상태도와 다른 비평형 상태에서의 상변태가 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있다. 상변화 과정 중 박막의 두께가 무질서하게 배열되었던 비정질상에서 규칙적인 배열을 갖는 결정질상으로 변할수록 감소하는 경향을 확인하였다. 또한 각각의 결정립의 크기도 온도가 증가할수록 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. 특히, $350^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 박막의 InSb 상은 비정질 상태에서 표면에너지가 가장 낮은 {111}면을 따라 facet을 이루며 결정화가 이루어졌다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 $In_3SbTe_2$로 상변화가 일어났는데, $400^{\circ}C$ 열처리한 시편의 경우 미소영역에서 마이크로 트윈들이 관찰되었다. 이 면결함은 {111}면을 따라 양쪽의 격자점들이 일치하는 정합 쌍정립계를 이루고 있었으며, $450^{\circ}C$에서 동일영역을 관찰해 본 결과 쌍정 결함들이 치유되어 {111} facet 면을 이루고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 비교적 작은 영역에서 상분리가 일어난 InTe 상도 관찰하였다. InTe 상의 경우 포정반응 온도인 $555^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 온도에서 관찰되었는데, InTe의 (002)면과 $In_3SbTe_2$의 (111)면이 비슷한 면간거리를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 추가적으로 $500^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 이들의 결정학적 관계에 따른 상변화 과정에 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 1991

As a result of measuring illumination and making up a question at home visit directly by investigator who trained over twenty days period from October 4 to 24, 1990, in order to render help which illumination problem against house, society against eyes or framing of health instruction potgram by seizing natural lighting actual conditions of house and actual conditions of wearing spectacles and by investigating interrelationship, I can summarize as follows. 1) In property of investigation subject, woman 66.9%, In an age, the twenties was largest of 27.4%, the forties was 20.2%, the fifties was 18.6%, the thirties was 17.4%. In academic career, those of upper secondary school grauates was largest of 28.6%, those who possess university career was 25.9%, those who middle school career was 20.9%, decoding of Korean alphabet was 2%. 2) By a residence area, a big city was 43.3%, farming and fishing villages were 20.3%, the rest was a small town and the administrative office of town, township. In positon of house, the middle area was 43.6%, resident of suburb area was 38.0%. In form of house, a Korean-style house was 40.8%, a western-style house was 34.8%, an apartment house was 11.0%. In the a standard of living, the middle classes 77.2%, the lower classes were 15.3%. In residential house unit of area, from 21 to 30 unit of area was largest of 31.5%, from 10 to 20 unit of area was 19.9%, from 31 to 40 was 18.7%. 3) The wearing spectacles rate of study user was 44.1%. By the area, those who wearing spectacles was more than a half of 50.8% in the resident of big city area. As passing from the farm area to the city, that is being resident of big city was high wearing spectacles rate. In position of house, as being residence in central street showed high wearing spectacles rate. (central street was 51.5%, the middle area was 44.5% and the suburb area was 40.1%.) It seemed similarity difference a variable by position of house from wearing spectacles in standard of 1%. By form of house, wearing spectacles rate those who resident in apartment house was 49.5%, that rate those who resident in a western-style house was high of 49.0%, that rate those who resident in a Korean-style house was the lowest 39.0%. By social position of resident in room, in students case who study showed very high, as university students were very high of 62.3% idn wearing spectacles rate, middle and high school students 'were 50.0%, members of society were 47.6%, workers 20.3%. It seemed similarity difference from academic career in standard of 1%. By an age, the thirties was high of 54.1% in wearing spectacles rate, the twenties was 43.2%, the teenage was the lowest of 11.8%. 4) In illumination of study, over 200Lux was high of 40.1%. but below 99Lux which inappropriate illumination to see the books was 32.4%. Average by area, below 99Lux was 22.7% and over 400Lux was 50.0% in case of wooden floor. As examine by area, below 99Lux was high of 27.0% a case of wooden floor in the big city area, it was not good in illumination passing from the farm area(15.0%) to the city(19.0%). Average illlumination by area of the main living room below 99Lux was high of 37.5%, less than 200Lux was 58.5% of whole. In general, illumination of the main livingroom was inappropriate. By area, the big city was 32.5% below 99Lux, the middle and small city area were 33.8%, town and township area were 45.0%, farming and fishing area were 42.8%. By area, in the big city, illumination of study was 52.5% over 200Lux and 28.9% below 99Lux. In case of the middle and small city, study user of below 99Lux was 38.8% and over 200Lux was 46.9%. In case of the seat of town township, below 99Lux was 34.1% and over 200Lux was 39.7%. In case of farming and fishing area, illumination of study was 33.4% below 99Lux and 48.4% over 200Lux. It tends to high rate of inappropriate illumination. 5) By position of house, in case of wooden floor, less than 100Lux was 24.5% in central street. It was bad illumination than others position of house. In case of the main livingroom, less than 100Lux was 40.4% in the suburb area. It was bad iliumnation than others position of house. In case of study, less than 100Lux was 35.4% in the middle area, it was worse in illumination. In case of the main living room, is seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%. 6) By form of house, in case of wooden floor, illumination of less than 100Lux was 23.8% in a western-style house, it was bad illumination than others form of house. In case of the main livingroom, illumination of less than 100Lux was 47.4% in a Korean-style house, it was remarkably bad illumination than others form of house. In case of study, a Korean-style house was 38.8%, it was very bad illumination than others form of house. In case of the main livingroom and study, it seemed similatrity difference each as P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 in standard of 1%. 7) The wearing spectacles rate of those who use room of illumination over 400Lux was 40.7%, and that of those who use room of illumination less than 100Lux was 28.1%. It seemed similarity differecce in standard of 1%. 8) In period of wearing spectacles, 21.3% of total investigator-highest-was from before five years, 8.6% was from before three years. Among those who use of illumintion less than 99Lux, 34.0% began to wear spectacles from before two years 31.7% was from before five years, 30.3% was from before four years. It seemed similarity difference from period of wearing spectacles by illumination in standard of 1 %. 9) Among cause which sight grow worse, the first was that it was each 33.2% and 27.4% in response rate because watch TV nearly to wearing spectacles person and non-wearing person. The second was that a lot of seeing books was 25.3% in wearing spectacles person and response rate for dark illumination was 7.4% in nonwearing spectacles person. It seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%. (P < 0.01). 10) In experience which take medicine good for eyes, it was 50.1% in wearing spectacles person and 8.5% in non-wearing spectacles person. It seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%(P < 0.01). As we have seen above, inappropriate illumination can be a cause of wearing spectacles. Nevertheless, actually, is realities to indifferent against illumination of house. So it must learn knowledge about health obstacle of illumination through society instruction and school eduction against students as well as general residents. In case that natural lighting is inappropriate structural of house, we must be able to maintain appropriate illumination through artificial illumination. And so eyes which is core of human life have to be protected, related the authorities, related group, and all health medical personnel will organically cooperate with and make efforts.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.3-49
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• 1990

본고(本稿)는 AIDS(Almost Ideal Demand System) 수요모형(需要模型)을 이용하여 한국(韓國) 등 아시아 신흥공업국(新興工業國)과 일본(日本)을 포함하는 아시아 5국(國)으로부터의 미국(美國)의 수입수요(輸入需要)를 분석함으로써 이들간의 대미수출경쟁관계(對美輸出競爭關係)를 분석하고 있는데, 특히 환율변동(換率變動)이 이들 5개국(個國)의 대미수출(對美輸出)에 미치는 효과를 중점적으로 분석하고 있다. 분석결과에 의하면, 아시아신흥공업 4국(國)은 일본(日本)과는 경쟁적인 반면 서로간에는, 홍콩과 싱가포르간의 경쟁적인 관계를 제외하면, 보완적인 관계를 유지하고 있다. 그리고 이들 아시아 5국(國)은 모두가 서구선진국그룹에 대해서는 경쟁적인 반면 미국(美國)의 국내재(國內財)와는 보완적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 관찰되었다. 한편 이러한 결과에 따라 환율효과(換率效果)를 분석해 보면, 한국(韓國)의 경우 엔화(貨)의 대미(對美)달러환율(換率)이 1% 인상되면 대미수출물량(對美輸出物量)을 일정 수준에 유지하고자 할 경우는 원화(貨)의 대미(對美)달러환율(換率)도 약 1% 정도는 인상되어야 하지만, 대미수출점유율(對美輸出占有率)을 일정 수준에 유지하려면 원화(貨)의 대미(對美)달러환율(換率)은 최악의 경우 약 3%까지도 인상되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 한국(韓國)은 대미수출시장점유율(對美輸出市場占有率)이나 수출물량(輸出物量)의 유지를 위해서, 원화(貨)의 대미(對美)달러환율(換率)이 여타 NICS통화환율(通貨換率)의 움직임보다도 오히려 엔화(貨)의 대미(對美)달러환율(換率)의 움직임을 보다 잘 반영할 수 있도록 함으로써 엔화(貨)의 대미(對美)달러환율인상(換率引上)에 따른 수출저상효과(輸出沮喪效果)를 상쇄시켜 나가야 할 것이라는 시사를 얻게 되었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.72-92
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• 2000

This research has conducted studies on an Oriental medicine-based method of diagnosing of occupational musculoskeletal system diseases. This researcher has searched through existing relevant medical literature. Also, this researcher has worked on a moire topography using moire topography. In this course, this researcher has reached the following conclusion in relation to the possibility of using a moire topography as a diagnosing device of musculoskeletal system diseases under Oriental medicine . 1 The Western medicine outlines its criteria of screening occupational musculoskeletal system diseases as follows A. The occupational musculoskeletal diseases must clearly include one or more of the subjective symptoms characterized by pain, hypoesthesia dysaesthesia, anaesthesia. etc . B, There should be clinically admitted objective observations and diagnosis outlining that the disease concerned shows symptoms such as tenderness, induration. and edema that can appear with occupational musculoskeletal system diseases. dyscinesia should be admitted with the disease concerned, or there should be observations and diagnosis outlining that abnormality exists in electric muscular or nervous diagnosis and examination . C. It should be admitted that prior to the occurrence of symptoms or observations and diagnosis on musculoskeletal system-related diseases, a patient has been engaged in works with conditions requiring improper work posture or work movement. That is, this is an approach whereby they see abnormality in the musculoskeletal system come from material and structural defect, and adjust and control abnormality in the musculoskeletal system and secreta . 2. The Oriental medicines sees that a patient develops the pain of occupational musculoskeletal diseases as he cannot properly activate the flow of his life force and blood thus not only causing formation of lumps in the body and blocking the flow of life force and blood in some parts of the body. Hence, The Oriental medicine focuses on resolving the cause of weakening the flow of life force and blood, instead of taking material approach of correcting structural abnormality Furthermore , Oriental medicine sees that when muscle tension builds up, this presses blood vessels and nerves passing by, triggering circulation dyscrasia and neurological reaction and thus leading to lesion. Thus, instead of taking skeletal or neurophysiological approach. it seeks to fundamentally resolve the cause of the flow of the life force and blood in muscles not being activated. As a result Oriental medicine attributes the main cause of musculoskeletal system diseases to muscle tension and its build-up that stem from an individual's long formed chronicle habit and work environment. This approach considers not only the social structure aspect including companies owners and work environment that the existing methods have looked at, but also individual workers' responsibility and their environmental factors. Hence, this is a step forward method. 3 The diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases under Oriental medicine is characterized by the fact that an Oriental medicine doctor uses not only photos taken by himself, but also various detection devices to gather information and pass comprehensive judgment on it. Thus, it is the core of diagnosis under Oriental medicine to develop diagnosing devices matching the characteristics of information to be induced and to interpret information so induced from the views of Oriental medicine. Diagnosis using diagnosing devices values the whole state of a patient and formal abnormality alike, and the whole balance and muscular state of a patient serves as the basis of diagnosis. Hence, this method, instead of depending on the information gathered from devices under Western medicine, requires devices that provide information on the whole state of a patient in addition to the local abnormality information that X-ray. CT, etc., can offer. This method sees muscle as the central part of the abnormality in the musculoskeletal system and thus requires diagnosing devices enabling the muscular state. 4. The diagnosing device using moire topography under Oriental medicine has advantages below and can be used for diagnosing musculoskeletal system diseases with industrial workers . First, the device can Provide information on the body in an unbalanced state. and thus identify the imbalance and difference of height in the left and right stature that a patient can not notice at normal times. Second, the device shows the twisting of muscles or induration regions in a contour map. This is not possible with existing shooting machines such as X-ray, CT, etc., thus differentiating itself from existing machines. Third, this device makes it possible for Oriental medicine to take its unique approach to the abnormality in the musculoskeletal system. Oriental medicine sees the state and imbalance state in muscles as major factors in determining the lesion of musculoskeletal system, and the device makes it possible to shoot the state of muscles in detail. In this respect, the device is significant. Fourth, the device has an advantage as non-aggression diagnosing device.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-95
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• 2014

시카고협약 일부 체약국은 자국 항공사에게 AOC(Air Operator Certificate)를 승인하여 발행하는 것 이외에 외국 항공사에게도 FAOC(Foreign AOC)를 발행하고 있으며 다양한 항공안전평가도 실시하고 있다. 외국 항공사에게 FAOC 승인 발행 및 항공안전 평가 실시는 점차 확대되고 있는 추세로 전 세계적으로 항공안전증진 및 항공기 사고율 감소에 기여한 공로가 크다고 볼 수 있으나, 항공사 입장에서는 추가적인 허가제도 및 운항제한으로 인하여 항공기 운항 상 불편이 초래되고 있다. 유럽항공안전청(EASA)은 European public law 인 Basic Regulation에 의해 2003년에 설립되어 운영되고 있는 유럽의 단일 항공안전전문기관이다. EASA의 주요 임무는 민간항공분야의 안전기준 및 환경보호기준을 최상의 기준으로 증진하는 것이며, 감항, 승무원, 항공기 운항, 공항 및 ATM 등에 대한 입법업무 및 표준설정 업무를 관장하고 있으며 업무 범위가 점점 확대되고 있다. 유럽에서 TCO(Third country operator) Implementing Rule이 발효(2014.5.26.)됨에 따라, EASA는 32개 EASA 회원국으로 운항하고자 하는 모든 항공운송사업용 TCO에 대하여 안전에 대한 승인을 행할 권한을 가진다. 이에 따라, TCO에 대한 평가 및 승인을 할 때, 안전관련 부문에 대한 평가 및 승인은 EASA가 담당하고 운영허가(Operating permit) 부문은 종전과 같이 각 국가의 항공당국이 수행하게 된다. EU/EASA를 운항하는 TCO가 불편 없이 항공운송사업을 행할 수 있도록 신규제도 도입을 위한 전환기간으로 30개월이 적용 된다. 현재 EASA 회원국을 운항하는 항공사는 TCO 규정 발효 후 6개월 이내인 2014.11.26.까지 EASA에 TCO 허가 신청서를 제출해야 하며, EASA는 TCO 규정 발효 후 30개월 이내에 평가를 완료해야 한다. 유효한 TCO 허가는 운영허가 전에 취득해야 할 사전 요건으로, TCO 허가를 받지 못한 TCO는 EASA 회원국이 발행하는 운영허가를 발급받을 수 없다. TCO 허가 필요 여부는 항공운송사업에 해당하는지에 따라 결정되며 항공운송사업을 행할 경우 TCO 허가를 받아야 한다. 부정기편을 운항하는 항공사의 경우 일정기준을 충족한다면 TCO 허가 없이 운항이 가능하기는 하나 잠재적인 미래 수요가 예상되는 경우 원활한 서비스 제공을 위해 사전에 TCO 허가를 취득하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 본 논문에서는 EU의 TCO 규정 도입과 관련하여, EASA의 기능 및 TCO 규정을 포함한 EU의 항공법규체계에 대한 법적 근거와 내용을 고찰하고, 우리나라가 착안하고 개선해야 할 몇 가지 제언과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문이 1) 항공사가 TCO 허가를 준비하는데 도움이 되고, 2) 정부, 학계 및 항공사 등 유관부문에서 항공안전증진을 위한 국제 동향을 이해하는데 도움이 되고, 3) 국내 항공법규 개선 및 정부조직의 기능을 개선하는데 도움을 주고, 4)아울러, 국제표준 준수 및 항공안전증진에 기여하길 기대한다.