• Title/Summary/Keyword: non-protection

Search Result 1,140, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

ASEAN Protection Trade Measures: Focusing on Non-Tariff Measures and Specific Trade Concerns (아세안의 보호무역조치 연구: 비관세조치 및 특정무역현안을 중심으로)

  • Ra, Hee-Ryang
    • Korea Trade Review
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.43-72
    • /
    • 2019
  • This study examines the trends, current situation and implications of non-tariff measures (NTM) and specific trade concerns (STC) on the protection trade measures of ASEAN. ASEAN's non-tariff measures and the share of specific trade concerns are very significant as they are the second and third largest, respectively, of the major countries. This means that protection measures using non-tariff measures are a strong feature of ASEAN's trade policy. Also, in the future, ASEAN should try to prevent unnecessary disputes caused by exporting countries' specific trade concerns in the implementation of non-tariff measures. Activating trade policy cooperation is likely to reduce conflicts and costs caused by these trade disputes.

Statistics on the Present Status of Installations of Non-conventional Lightning Rods (일반형이 아닌 피뢰침의 설치 실태에 대한 통계적 조사)

  • Lee, Bok-Hee;Lee, Seok-Yeon;Lee, Su-Bong;Baek, Young-Hwan;Lee, Kyu-Sun;Kim, Dong-Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2006.05a
    • /
    • pp.347-350
    • /
    • 2006
  • The conception of early streamers is in sufficient and inadequate as a parameter for the determination of any advantage of early streamer emission(ESE) lightning rods versus ordinary lightning rods. Thus, standards for many other national and international lightning protection as well as KS C IEC 61024-1 do not take ESE lightning rods, charge dissipation systems or non-conventional lightning rods. Unfortunately, many non-conventional lightning rods such as ESE lightning rods and charge dissipation systems in Korea are increasingly used in lightning protection of structures including explosive manufacturing buildings, electric generating, transmission and distribution systems. This study attempts to make aware of no advantage of ESE rods and other non-conventional lightning protection systems and to investigate the present status of installations of ESE lightning rods.

  • PDF

Protection of Minority Shareholder Investment in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

  • KANTHAPANIT, Chinnapat;KANTHAPANIT, Chutiya
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
    • /
    • v.7 no.8
    • /
    • pp.451-459
    • /
    • 2020
  • This study aims to examine the relationship of the four factors that increase the protection of minority shareholder investment. The factors are non-controlling shareholders, corporate governance, free cash flow, and shareholder wealth. The data for this study is obtained from the 2017 annual reports of 136 Thai public companies listed in the Market of Alternative Investment of Thailand (MAI). The analysis uses a multiple regression model to determine which factors encourage and which inhibit the protection of minority shareholder investment. The study tests four hypotheses. The results rejected H1 because non-controlling shareholders have negatively correlated with minority shareholder investment protection (beta -0.155 and p-value 0.050). The results accepted H2, H3 and H4 as follows. H2: corporate governance has positively correlated with minority shareholder investment protection (beta 0.17 and p-value 0.031). H3: free cash flow has positively correlated with minority shareholder investment protection (beta 0.214 and p-value 0.007). H4: shareholder wealth has positively correlated with minority shareholder investment protection (beta 0.318 and p-value 0.000). The major findings suggest strong minority shareholder investment protection was enhanced by increasing corporate governance, free cash flow and shareholder wealth. The protection of minority shareholder investment needs to reduce non-controlling shareholding pattern.

NOTE - Determination of UVA Protection Factor with SPEX SkinSkan

  • Kawada, Akira;Kameyam, Hiroko;Sangen, Yoshiko;Aragane, Yoshinori;Tezuka, Tadashi;Hamagami, Ikuko
    • Journal of Photoscience
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.215-216
    • /
    • 2003
  • SPEX SkinSkan is a newly developed spectrofluorometer that can calculate transmission of UVA on the surface of human skin as a non-invasive method. We have investigated UVA protection factors of Japanese over-the-counter sunscreens using SPEX SkinSkan. This non-invasive method is useful to know UVA protection of sunscreens in vivo.

  • PDF

Developments on Low Cost Protection Circuit of Discharge for D-type Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries(Li/SOCl2) (D형 리튬 1차 단위전지(Li/SOCl2)용 저가형 과방전 차단회로 개발)

  • Ahn, Mahn-Ki;Jung, Yeong-Tak;Lim, Jae-Sung;Roh, Tae-Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.21 no.5
    • /
    • pp.665-674
    • /
    • 2018
  • In this paper, we propose a development results of a D-type non-rechargeable lithium battery($Li/SOCl_2$) on improvement in a low cost protection circuit of discharge for domestic military power source. According to this study, we describe a new design and product with 8-bit microcontroller in the protection circuit which can estimate state of health of the battery regardless of occurring an initial voltage delay. Also this paper discuss and facilitate development as solution to a safety about the non-rechargeable lithium batteries. As a result, we verified a quality of the protection circuit by a development test and evaluation(DT&E) process.

Some Thoughts on Non-Finance Oriented Shipping Instruments in the pre-WTO Era (WTO 체제 이전의 해운보호수단에 관한 소고)

  • Park, Myong-Sop;Lee, Eun-Joo
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
    • /
    • v.21
    • /
    • pp.55-70
    • /
    • 2003
  • Shipping protectionist measures are imposed to help the national fleet based on the protection that shares are low and that there are economic benefits from increasing them. Relative to the complexity of those objectives, protection is fairly simple and blunt instrument of policy. Shipping protectionist measures are classified into two groups on the basis of the nature of protectionist tools; finance-oriented and non-finance oriented instruments. The thesis aims to show non-finance oriented shipping instruments in the pre-WTO Period. Chapter 2 deals with the development of protectionism in shipping. Chapter 3 Classified non-finance oriented protection such as Cargo Reservation, Cargo Sharing and Cargo Control. Chapter 4 outlined and examined the effect of Non-Finance Oriented Shipping Instruments which was the most important in developing countries.

  • PDF

Detection and Measurement of Non-ionizing Radiations (비전리방사선의 검출 및 측정)

  • Lee, Jai-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
    • /
    • v.20 no.3
    • /
    • pp.155-162
    • /
    • 1995
  • The state-of-the art of detection and measurements of non-ionizing radiations are reviewed in relation to protection requirements, especially for electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiations. Dosimetric quantities, instruments and considerations needed for measurement are briefly explained. For electromagnetic radiation, the power density levels from various practical sources are summarized for reference uses. Large errors remain in the measurements of non-ionizinf radiations in general. Technical needs of development in measurement and dosimetry of non-ionizing radiations, therefore, are promissing when the increasing public concerns about the adverse health effects of non-ionizing radiations and proliferation of their uses are taken into account.

  • PDF

Adaptive undervoltage protection scheme for safety bus in nuclear power plants

  • Chang, Choong-koo
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.54 no.6
    • /
    • pp.2055-2061
    • /
    • 2022
  • In the event of a short-circuit accident on a 4.16 kV non-safety bus, the voltage is temporarily lowered as backflow occurs on the safety bus. In such cases, the undervoltage relay of the safety bus shall not pick up the undervoltage so as not to interfere with the operation of the safety motors. The aim of this study is to develop an adaptive undervoltage protection scheme for the 4.16 kV safety bus considering the faults on the 13.8 kV and 4.16 kV non-safety buses connected to secondary windings of the three winding transformers, UAT and SAT. The result of this study will be the adaptive undervoltage protection scheme for the safety bus of nuclear power plants satisfying functional requirements of the safety related medium voltage motors. The adaptive undervoltage protection scheme can be implemented into an integrated digital protective relay to make user friendly and reliable protection scheme.