• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2014

The Korean government has purchased land properties alongside any significant water bodies before setting up the buffers to secure water qualities. Since the annual budgets are limited, however, there has always been the issue of which land parcels ought to be given the priority. Therefore, this study aims to develop efficient mechanism for land acquisition priorities in stream corridors that would ultimately be vegetated for riparian buffer zones. The criteria of land acquisition priority were driven through literary review along with experts' advice. The relative weights of their value and priorities for each criterion were computed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. Major findings of the study are as follows: 1. The decision-making structural model for land acquisition priority focuses mainly on the reduction of non-point source pollutants(NSPs). This fact is highly associated with natural and physical conditions and land use types of surrounding areas. The criteria were classified into two categories-NSPs runoff areas and potential NSPs runoff areas. 2. Land acquisition priority weights derived for NSPs runoff areas and potential NSPs runoff areas were 0.862 and 0.138, respectively. This implicates that much higher priority should be given to the land parcels with NSPs runoff areas. 3. Weights and priorities of sub-criteria suggested from this study include: proximity to the streams(0.460), land cover(0.189), soil permeability(0.117), topographical slope(0.096), proximity to the roads(0.058), land-use types(0.036), visibility to the streams(0.032), and the land price(0.012). This order of importance suggests, as one can expect, that it is better to purchase land parcels that are adjacent to the streams. 4. A standard scoring system including the criteria and weights for land acquisition priority was developed which would likely to allow expedited decision making and easy quantification for priority evaluation due to the utilization of measurable spatial data. Further studies focusing on both point and non-point pollutants and GIS-based spatial analysis and mapping of land acquisition priority are needed.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2019

비점오염원 관리를 위해 정책의 변환이 필요한 부분으로는 비점오염원관리는 국토의 이용 및 개발이 시작되는 시점부터 체계적으로 이루어지도록 제도의 패러다임이 전환되어야 한다. 비점관리지역의 국고지원 방식 및 운영방안을 전환하여 최저지원율은 보장해 주고 그 이상은 지자체의 비점오염저감사업의 추진현황과 성과등을 평가하여 추가로 지원해 줄 수 있는 방식으로의 전환을 통해 사업효과를 극대화할 필요가 있다. 신규 제도가 마련되어야 할 부분으로는 비점오염저감사업의 추진성과를 평가하고 운영효과를 모니터링 할 수 있도록 평가체계가 마련되어야 한다. 지자체가 비점오염원저감사업을 충실히 수행하여 계획된 성과를 달성하고 지속적인 유지관리가 될 수 있도록 지자체의 책임행정을 유도할 수 있는 관련 근거 규정이 필요시 된다. 대안마련이 필요한 요소로는 자동채수 분석에서 $100{\mu}m$ 필터의 사용에 따른 문제점, 강우시 채수 및 분석의 적시성 확보, 효율적인 비점측정망 운영관리 방안을 들 수 있다. 대안으로는 채수 분석장비의 성능개선, 권역별 비점오염물질측정망 모니터링통합센터 운영 등을 검토해볼 필요가 있다. 또한 국고보조사업으로 추진된 비점오염저감시설로 인한 오염물질의 삭감량을 수질오염총량제의 개발부하량으로 사용할 수 있도록 요구할 경우 삭감량에 따라 비점오염저감시설의 유지관리 비용 일부를 인센티브형식으로 지원하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1045-1053
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effect of water level of water resources on water quality in Ulsan. Two reservoirs, Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam, were selected and water quality of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed from 2012 to 2014. And the characteristics of precipitation were also analyzed for 70 years (1945~2014) because runoff of non-point pollutant was strongly affected by precipitation. As a result, water deterioration of Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam were affected in accordance with lowering water level. For example, the concentrations of COD and TN was negatively correlated with the water level when the water level of Sayeon Dam was gradually decreased in 2013. The TN concentration was increased to 1.432 mg/L from 0.875 mg/L while the lowest water level of Sayeon Dam was recorded 45 m in 2014. Additionally the concentration of COD and TN was sensitively increased with 0.213 mg/L/m and 0.058 mg/L/m on account of non-point pollutant runoff. It is indicated that hereafter a control of non-point pollutant runoff is the critical factors to maintain water resources because the contribution of non-point pollutant is expected to increase due to the frequent heavy rain events. Therefore, it is necessary to map out a specific plan for non-point pollutant control based on analyses of runoff characteristics, water pollution sources and reduction plans in water pollutants and to establish a water modelling and database system as a preventive action plan.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

일반적으로 주차장은 아스팔트나 콘크리트 등 불투수층으로 조성되기 때문에 강우시 각종 오염물질이 수계로 배출됨에 따라 비점오염원 배출 부하량을 증가시키는 중요한 요인이 된다. 불투수층으로 인한 물순환장애 및 비점오염원 관리를 효과적으로 제어하고 관리할 수 있는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development)의 적용 및 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, 환경부는 개발사업에 대해 저영향개발 기법의 적용을 의무화하는 방안을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 빗물 및 비점오염원 관리를 위한 저영향개발 기법의 하나인 투수성 주차장에서 발생하는 강우 유출수의 오염물질 농도, 비점오염부하량, 초기세척현상 및 강우유출지연효과를 불투수성 주차장과 비교 분석하여 향후 투수성 주차장 설계시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the pollutant discharge from non-point source and to estimate the unit loads of the pollutant discharge from the upper watershed of Seomjin Dam during rainy season. The upper watershed of Seomjin Dam is located in the middle of Jeonbuk province is formed two tributaries mainly. A sub-branch stream of those tributaries is Imsil stream of which flow rate is about 13% of the main stream of Seomjin reservoir normally. On the basis of measurement result in this study, the water quality of Imsil stream was fluctuated highly and the quantity of measured pollutant discharge was higher than the value calculated with the proportion of flow rate during dry season. On the contrary, during rainy season the mean values of flow rate and water quality were higher than the quartile according to the statistical analysis. That means rainfall can influence strongly on the water quality of the upper watershed of Seomjin reservoir. Among the several criteria of water quality, SS discharge was most sensitive to the flow rate variation of stream, which was fluctuated in proportion of rainfall, basically. It was evaluated the event mean concentration (EMC) of non-point source pollutants depending on rainfall events as well. Though the pollutant discharge unit of Imsil stream was lower than the main stream of Seomjin reservoir, the EMC value of Imsil stream was higher than the main stream of Seomjin reservoir.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2012

Lake Doam watershed was surveyed to evaluate non-point source discharge characteristics and discharge load including several water quality parameters in Song Stream from July 2009 to July 2011. Concentrations of water pollutants were high during the rainfall period, especially, SS, TP and COD showed increasing tendencies toward cumulative water discharge but TN did not show much difference. SS, TP and COD had an initial flush effect of over 50 mm rainfall event but there was no clear tendency for rainfalls below that level. Event mean concentration (EMC) regarding the rainy and dry period showed large differences. Especially rainy season EMC (SS, TP, COD) demonstrated an increasingly high tendency. EMCs of COD, SS, TN and TP measured for twelve rain events were as high as 26.1, 866.0, 4.68 and 0.605 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. COD, SS, TN and TP loadings from the highland agricultural region of the Song Stream watershed were 34,263, 1,250,254, 2,673 and 933 kg $yr^{-1}\;km^{-2}$, respectively, which were relatively higher than the results of other stream systems. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that long-term monitoring and non-point pollution reduction programs for the highland agricultural area to continue. Furthermore, this non-point source pollution loading research acquired from the highland agricultural area could be the base for reassessment.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

In order to measure the filtration characteristics of a cotton ball shape filter, the experiments of suspended solids(SS) surrogate material selection and filtration performance have been carried out in this study. Between the two materials of powdered activated carbon(PAC) and powdered red-clay, PAC is more suitable surrogate material in terms of experimental criteria and particle size distribution in the non-point source pollutants removal system. As a result of the filtration experiments with the cotton ball shape filter, the initial headloss was about 8 cm, and the headloss slightly increased over filtration time. The Kozeny-Carman equation was used to analyze the changes of pressure and porosity during the filtration. The initial porosity was calculated as 0.945 and it decreased to 0.936 at the end of design filtration time. As the filtration continued, the SS concentration of the filtered water gradually increased and the SS removal rate gradually decreased. When the SS target removal efficiency is assumed to be 80%, the cumulative SS removal capacity is expected as $28.8kg/m^2$. This means the volume loading rate of the cotton ball shape filter can be $115m^3/m^2$ when the typical SS concentration of non-point source water pollution is assumed as 250 mg/L.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2011

Lake Sihwa has a very unique watershed environment, surrounded by industrial, urban and rural catchment area with different land use. The first flush phenomenon was investigated in 3 catchment area. 4TG, representing the industrial area, shows rapid discharges of highly concentrated pollutants during the early stages of a storm and it is indicating a strong first flush effect. At AS, representing the urban area, the pollutant concentration reached its peak approximately 2~3 hours after the start of storm, which is a strong first flush effect did not appear. JJB and MS represent the rural areas, the PEMC analysis results suggest that highly concentrated pollutants were discharged during the middle and latter stages of a storm, instead of early pollutant runoff due to the effects of rainwater runoff.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권B호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

From 2000 to 2004, the research was carried out at Naerin-cheon and Inbook-cheon, the upper streams of Soyang Lake, to study the relationship between precipitation and eutrophication-causing water pollutants, BOD, T-N and T-P. During the five years, the amount of flowing water was measured, and the water quantity was examined under different precipitation levels. From the observation, outflow patterns of the water pollutants and changes in the water quality factors at the time of rainfall were clarified. In addition, estimation of the unit load was made for each stream; for Naerin-cheon at the time of rainfall, we estimated BOD to be $1,112kg/km^2/year$, T-N to be $2,077kg/km^2/year$, and T-P to be $223kg/km^2/year$; for Inbook-cheon at the time of rainfall, we estimated BOD to be $1,229kg/km^2/year$, T-N to be $1,565kg/km^2/year$, and T-P to be $255kg/km^2/year$. For the time of no rainfall different estimation was made; for Naerin-cheon, we estimated BOD to be $2,403g/km^2/day$, T-N to be $5,004g/km^2/day$, and T-P to be $53g/km^2/day$; and for Inbook-cheon, we estimated BOD to be $1,550g/km^2/day$, T-N to be $2,283g/km^2/day$, and T-P to be $42g/km^2/day$.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.469-482
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• 2021

The recent climate change and urbanization have seen an increase in runoff and pollutant loads, and consequently significant negative water pollution. The characteristics of the pollutant loads vary among the different flow regime depending on their source and transport mechanism, However, pollutant load reduction based on flow regime perspectives has not been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the effects of concentration on pollutant load characteristics and reductions from each flow regime to develop efficient pollution management. As non-point pollutants continuously increase due to the increase in impervious area, efficient management is necessary. Therefore, in this study, 1) the characteristics of pollutant sources were analyzed at the Dalcheon Basin, 2) reduction of nonpoint pollution, and 3) reduction efficiency for flow regimes were analyzed. By analyzing the characteristics of the Dalcheon Basin, a reduction efficiency scenario for each pollutant source was constructed. The efficiency analysis showed 0.06% to 5.62% for the living scenario, 0.09 to 24.62% for the livestock scenario, 0.17% to 12.81% for the industry scenario, 9.45% to 38.45% for the land scenario, and 9.8% to 39.2% for the composite scenario. Therefore, various pollution reduction scenarios, taking into account the characteristics of pollutants and flow regime characteristics, can contribute to the development of efficient measurements to improve water quality at various flow regime perspectives in the Dalcheon Basin.