• Title/Summary/Keyword: non-open cut

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Omni-Directional Magnet Wheel using Magnetic Shield (자기 차폐를 이용한 전방향 자기차륜)

  • Shim, Ki-Bon;Lee, Sang-Heon;Jung, Kwang-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.26 no.9
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    • pp.72-80
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    • 2009
  • When the magnet wheel rotates over a conducting plate, it generates the traction torque as well as the repulsive force on the conducting plate. Partially-cut traction torque results in the linear force into the tangential direction. To cut the traction torque, the concept of magnetic shield is introduced. The direction change of the linear force is realized varying the shielded area of magnetic field. That is, the tangential direction of non-shielded open area becomes the direction of the linear thrust force. Specially a shape of permanent magnets composing the magnet wheel leads to various pattern of magnetic forces. So, to enlarge the resulting force density and compensate its servo property a few simulations are performed under various conditions such as repeated pattern, pole number, radial width of permanent magnets, including shape of open area. The theoretical model of the magnet wheel is derived using air-gap field analysis of linear induction motor, compared with test result and the sensitivity analysis for its parameter change is performed using common tool; MAXWELL. Using two-axial wheel set-up, the tracking motion is tested for a copper plate with its normal motion constrained and its result is given. In conclusion, it is estimated that the magnet wheel using partial shield can be applied to a noncontact conveyance of the conducting plate.

An Experimental Study on Performance of neater Stops at Construction joints in Tunnel (터널 시공이음부에서의 방수재 역할에 대한 실험연구)

  • 백송훈
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 1999.10a
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 1999
  • Mostly, water leakage took place in construction joints. In case of cable tunnels constructed by open-cut method, waterstops have been used to prevent the water leakage. But, we haven't any experience to install the waterstops in NATM cable tunnels. So, it is necessary to develope the waterstops and test the performance of it in laboratory. We manufactured cable tunnel lining quarter scale model by pouring concrete, and installed the waterstops. After filling the inside of concrete lining about two-third with water, we put the air pressure on the water, In addition, it is also carried out water leakage test for concrete lining model without waterstops. As a result, we confirmed the performance of waterstops and its adaptability. It is also tested that the performance of rubber gaskets used in concrete segments of Shield tunnelling. In addition, we determined the allowable infiltration rate for cable tunnel with non-drainage system.

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A CHARACTERIZATION OF ELLIPTIC HYPERBOLOIDS

  • Kim, Dong-Soo;Son, Booseon
    • Honam Mathematical Journal
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2013
  • Consider a non-degenerate open convex cone C with vertex the origin in the $n$2-dimensional Euclidean space $E^n$. We study volume properties of strictly convex hypersurfaces in the cone C. As a result, for example, if the volume of the region of an elliptic cone C cut off by the tangent hyperplane P of M at $p$ is independent of the point $p{\in}M$, then it is shown that the hypersurface M is part of an elliptic hyperboloid.

Development of High Efficiency Self Diagnosis Type Neon Transformer using Groin Direction of Non-Oriented Silicon Steel Strip (압연 방향을 적용한 자체 진단형 고효율 네온관용 변압기)

  • 변재영;김윤호
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, a high efficiency leakage transformer for neon tube is developed to improve its power factor, to reduce its core loss and weight by using a technique of shape optimization and grain direction of non-oriented silicon steel strip. A protection circuit is designed for all types of neon transformer loaded with one or more neon tubes. Whenever the neon tube fails to be started up or comes to the life end, or encounters faults with open-circuits at the output terminals of the neon transformer, the electronic type protection circuit will be initiated to avoid more critical hazards. These neon transformers need a electronic type protection circuit to prevent from current stresses on circuit components by neon tube fail. The input of the transformer is automatically cut on when the abnormal condition occurs, preventing waste of no-load power.

Analysis of pipe roof method test with a reduced-scale model (축소모형 강관추진실험 경향 분석)

  • Eum, Ki-Young;Jung, Kwan-Dong;Lee, Sung-Hyuk;Cheon, Jeong-Yeon;Jang, Hee-Jung;Lee, Jong-Tae
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.664-670
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    • 2010
  • The study on mechanical behavior of the structure at the site includes experimental method and numerical analysis method. Experimental method is categorized into true-scale test and laboratory model test. A laboratory model test is to monitor the failure mechanism with a model simulated similar with a real ground so as to identify the quantitative result, while a true-scale model test is the approach which enables to identify the potential problems that may occur with a simulated construction situation similar with a real site circumstance. Thus this study was intended to carry out the experimental test of non open-cut excavation by pipe roof method which is mostly common in domestic sites. as well as was aimed at identifying the ground behavior occurred during pipe penetration using laboratory model test. Appropriate reduced-scale model was selected, taking into account of domestic geological characteristics and operation characteristics of traditional and high-speed rail trains and the qualitative evaluation of displacement was carried out based on a certain ground loss volume depending on excavation after categorizing trackbed settlement pattern by depth of top soil.

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The Mixed Charging Method with Low-velocity Explosives and Normal Explosives in Tunnel Blasting (터널 발파에서의 저폭속폭약과 일반폭약의 혼용장약법)

  • Kang, Dae-Woo;Ahn, Bong-Do
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.252-259
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    • 2010
  • In urban tunnels, namely, in case there are residents in the near distance, we normally use non-vibration and ambient vibration which are not blasting methods because it’ impossible to meet the blasting vibration regulation with only normal explosives. However, non-vibration methods not only cause increase of excavating cost, but need much time than explosives. Generally, the lower velocity explosives with 2,000 m/s VOD have been applied to ambient vibration blasting in open cut area, but difficult in tunneling in its use. However, by charging the hole together with lower velocity explosives and normal explosives, we have got the result which shows 20~30% vibration decrease compared with using only normal explosives. Therefore, I’ like to suggest the blasting method which is able to do as ambient vibration using lower velocity explosives mixed with normal explosives in urban tunnel and the area which is adjacent to security facilities within the vibration regulation.

Analysis of Heaving and Settlement Test of Scale Model Depending on Shape of the Pipe during Pipe Roof Excavation (비개착 추진공법에서 관의 형태에 따른 축소모형 융기 및 침하 실험분석)

  • Eum, Ki-Young;Choi, Chan-Yong;Cheon, Jeong-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2010
  • In this study, a non-open cut method using a round or square pipe which has been commonly employed in Korea was experimentally evaluated and the behavioral features resulting from the friction while the pipe is penetrated into the ground was identified through the scale model test. To that end, a test device was fabricated by type of penetration pipe, by which the surface displacement caused by surrounding friction resistance was monitored. To simulate the settlement and heaving by excavation stage, the test was conducted based on generalized friction condition and surface displacement and the result therof was compared and analyzed, considering the type of penetration pipe.

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A study on the comparison by the methods of estimating the relaxation load of SEM-pile (SEM파일의 이완하중 산정방법별 이완하중량 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Gyu;Park, Eun-Hyung;Cho, Kook-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.543-560
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    • 2018
  • With the increased development in downtown underground space facilities that vertically cross under a railway at a shallow depth, the demand for non-open cut method is increasing. However, most construction sites still adopt the pipe roof method, where medium and large diameter steel pipes are pressed in to form a roof, enabling excavation of the inside space. Among the many factors that influence the loosening region and loads that occur while pressing in steel pipes, the size of the pipe has the largest impact, and this factor may correspond to the magnitude of load applied to the underground structure inside the steel pipe roof. The super equilibrium method (SEM) has been developed to minimize ground disturbance and loosening load, and uses small diameter pipes of approximately 114 mm instead of conventional medium and large diameter pipes. This small diameter steel pipe is called an SEM pile. After SEM piles are pressed in and the grouting reinforcement is constructed, a crossing structure is pressed in by using a hydraulic jack without ground subsidence or heaving. The SEM pile, which plays the role of timbering, is a fore-poling pile of approximately 5 m length that prevents ground collapse and supports surface load during excavation of toe part. The loosening region should be adequately calculated to estimate the spacing and construction length of the piles and stiffness of members. In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of calculations of loosening load that occurs during the press-in of SEM pile to obtain an optimal design of SEM. We analyzed the influence of factors in main theoretical and empirical formulas applied for calculating loosening regions, and carried out FEM analysis to see an appropriate loosening load to the SEM pile. In order to estimate the soil loosening caused by actual SEM-pile indentation and excavation, a steel pipe indentation reduction model test was conducted. Soil subsidence and soil loosening were investigated quantitatively according to soil/steel pipe (H/D).

Characteristics of Dermoid Cyst of the Occipital Area (후두부에 발생한 유피낭종의 특징)

  • Choi, Hwan-Jun;Tark, Min-Seong;Choi, Chang-Yong;Kang, Sang-Gue;Lee, Young-Man
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.481-484
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Congenital dermoid cysts develop during the fusion of the embryo when the ectodermal tissue gets trapped in the line of fusion. Dermoid cysts of the head are rare lesions comprised of epidermal and mesodermal elements. Furthermore, dermoid cysts in the occipital area are extremely rare. Only a few cases of dermoid cysts in the posterior scalp have been reported. Especially, A bilateral, synchronous presentation in this location has not been reported previously in the literature. Methods: All 5 cases had a gradually enlarging mass of the posterior aspect of the scalp. The cysts were mobile, noncompressible, and non-tender, without evidence of an associated sinus tract, skin dimpling, discoloration, or communication with adjacent structures. The CT scan displayed a hypodense cystic lesions about -87 to +24 HU (Housefield units, average +3.2 HU) with hypodense capsule and no postcontrast enhancement. All tumors were found just under the skin, and were well encapsulated, so they were completely removed the mass with adjacent periosteum. Results: On gross findings, all tumors were oval-or round-shaped, and when the cystic tumor was cut open it presented a greasy and caseous substance. Histologically, all specimens contain desquamated squamous epithelium and keratin in the lumen and are encapsulated and lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. And, all cases of posterior mass are the presence of adnexal structures. Conclusion: Appropriate diagnosis requires not only an index of suspicion for this rare tumor a very careful history and search for skin changes. Especially, CT can reveal the exact location of the cyst, its relationship with the adjacent structures. We think that occipital dermoids divide into superficial and deep type. In our cases, because they did not have intra-cranial involvement or fistula formation, they are superficial type. This report describes the clinical and operative aspects of the superficial dermoid cysts and provides a review of the literatures.

Single Crossing Condition of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis to Breed Miscanthus x giganteus Cultivar (이질3배체 억새(Miscanthus x giganteus) 품종육성을 위한 물억새(M. sacchariflorus)와 참억새(M. sinensis) 단교배 조건구명)

  • Moon, Youn-Ho;Kim, Kwang-Soo;Lee, Ji-Eun;Kwon, Da-Eun;Kang, Yong-Ku;Cha, Young-Lok
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.509-518
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to investigate single crossing condition of M. sacchariflrous and M. sinensis for breeding of M. ${\times}$ giganteus cultivar. Compared with natural day length condition, cultivation in short day length condition shorten days to heading to 18~27 days in both species. Pollen germination ratio of were 75.8% at 6 o'clock in M. sacchariflorus and 51.9% at 7 o'clock in M. sinensis but decreased to below 10% at 8 o'clock in both species. When cut ears immerged in 150 mL of cut-flowers conservation solution and isolated with covering of white non-woven fabric, flowering and pollen dispersal were persisted for 7 days, and the ratio of pollen germination were above 40% for 4 days. The ratio of self-fertilization of both species were below 2.5%, but open pollenation ratio were above 50%. We obtained 437 seeds with experimental single cross of 14 combinations between tetraploid M. sacchariflorus and diploid M. siensis by application of developed single crossing methods. In the single cross, numbers of seed set were different by mother plants. Thus, the newly investigated single crossing condition will be used to breed M. ${\times}$ giganteous cultivar which is sterile and has superior characteristics of biomass yield.