• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1410-1416
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• 2009

본 연구는 탁수가 어류에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 임하호 유입지천인 탁수수계(영양군 화매천)와 비탁수수계(청송군 신흥천)의 수질, 토양성분 및 어류의 조직 생리적 변화를 조사하였다. 임하호 유입지천의 수질은 탁수수계에서 pH, DO, SS 및 탁도가 높았으며, 토양성분은 vermiculite (V), illite (I)와 같은 점토광물이 높은 것으로 보아 점토광물이 강우시 쉽게 유출되어 탁수에 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다. 탁수수계에 서식하는 어류는 이차새변의 간격이 일정하지 않고, 상피세포의 분리와 부종 및 곤봉 형태가 관찰되었다. 또한 아가미 표면이 매끄럽지 못하며 다량의 이물질이 존재하였고, 신장 조직에서는 보우먼주머니 안의 사구체 크기가 수축되어 보우만 공간이 넓은 형태를 나타냈다. 이러한 조직학적 변화가 장기간 지속될 경우 어류의 2차 병변의 원인이 될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 어류의 건강상에 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 항산화효소의 활성은 탁수수계에서 높은 활성을 보이며, GR은 항산화효소의 활성중 가장 낮은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 탁수수계의 근육과 신장조직에서는 SOD, CAT, GPX, GST가 비탁수수계 보다 높은 활성을 보였다. 이는 활성산소가 많이 발생하는 탁수수계의 어류 체내에서는 유해한 라디칼을 제거하기 위해 항산화효소의 활성이 증가한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

개방형 기화기는 해수를 이용하여 열교환을 수행함으로써 액체상태의 액화천연가스를 천연가스로 기화시키는 역할을 한다 86년부터 가동된 U-tyre 기화기는 천연가스생산과 관련된 중요설비 중 하나로서, 기화기 튜브는 항상 해수내에서 운전되고 있으며 기화기 튜브와 파이프사이의 용접부에서 해수로 인한 부식이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 용접부에서의 국부적인 부식원인을 찾기 위해 이종금속부식의 가능성을 평가해 보았으며 또한 비파괴적인 방법을 이용하여 부식피트의 깊이를 측정하고 유한요소를 통한 안전성 평가에 목적을 두었다. 이종금속부식가능성에 대하여 용접부 각 부위별로 시료를 채취하여 3.5$\%$(wt.) NaCl 용액내에서 모재와 용접부위의 부식전위를 측정하였으며, 비파괴 검사를 통한 잔류두께측정은 tangential radio-graphy 시험이 가장 신뢰성 있는 기법임이 확인되었다. 미세한 부식피트가 발생된 경우에는 표면형상 복제기법을 적용하였다. 비파괴적인 방법을 이용하여 산출된 부식피트의 깊이와 형상을 근거로 2차원 유한요소 해석을 수행함으로써 내압으로 인한 기화기 튜브의 안전성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2011

Highly luminescent and monodisperse InP quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by a non-organometallic approach in a non-coordinating solvent. Fatty acids with well-defined chain lengths as the ligand, a non coordinating solvent, and a thorough degassing process are all important factors for the formation of high quality InP QDs. By varying the molar concentration of indium to ligand, QDs of different size were prepared and their absorption and emission behaviors studied. By spin-coating a colloidal solution of InP QD onto a silicon wafer, InP QD thin films were obtained. The thickness of the thin films cured at 60 and $200^{\circ}C$ were nearly identical (approximately 860 nm), whereas at $300^{\circ}C$, the thickness of the thin film was found to be 760 nm. Different contrast regions (A, B, C) were observed in the TEM images, which were found to be unreacted precursors, InP QDs, and indium-rich phases, respectively, through EDX analysis. The optical properties of the thin films were measured at three different curing temperatures (60, 200, $300^{\circ}C$), which showed a blue shift with an increase in temperature. It was proposed that this blue shift may be due to a decrease in the core diameter of the InP QD by oxidation, as confirmed by the XPS studies. Oxidation also passivates the QD surface by reducing the amount of P dangling bonds, thereby increasing luminescence intensity. The dielectric properties of the thin films were also investigated by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) device. At 60 and $300^{\circ}C$, negative flat band shifts (${\Delta}V_{fb}$) were observed, which were explained by the presence of P dangling bonds on the InP QD surface. At $300^{\circ}C$, clockwise hysteresis was observed due to trapping and detrapping of positive charges on the thin film, which was explained by proposing the existence of deep energy levels due to the indium-rich phases.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of shape of the inductive textile electrode on the non-contact heart activity sensing, based on the magnetic-induced conductivity principle. Four types of the inductive textile electrodes were determined according to the combinations of the two shape features. A fiber-metal hybrid-typed conductive thread was developed and applied to materialization of the textile electrodes by embroidery method. The heart activity was extracted through the textile electrode sewn on a T-shirt. The experiments were implemented to constantly measure the heart activity for 20 seconds, in each case of 5 healthy male subjects. The heart activity signals acquired in each type of the inductive textile electrode were analyzed, 1)by drawing a comparison of morphology with those of ECG signal (LeadII), and 2)by calculation of the normalized mean and standard deviation of magnitude of the heart activity signals. The analysis resulted that the relatively better quality of signals were acquired in the 'square' types in the matter of whole shape, while the better results were obtained in 'donut' types in the matter of center hole. Accordingly, the relatively best quality of signals was obtained in the case of 'Square-Donut' type of the inductive textile electrode.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

Enoronmental problems caused by certain geologic conditions Include pollution of soil by heavy metal, acidization of souls , acid mine drainage, Pound-water pollution, and natural radioactivity, as well as zoo-logical hazards such as landslide and subsidence. The acrid mine drainage contains large amount of heavy metals nO, therefore. cause serious pollution onto the nearby drainage systems and soils. In spite of this prospective environmental danger, few studies have been done on the acid mine drainage derived from non-metallic ore deposits such as pyrophyllitefNapseok) deposits. The sudo-bearing pyrophyllite ores, alteration zones, and mine talllngs of pyrophylllte deposits produce acrid mine drainage by the okidation of weathering. Compared to the fresh host rocks, the ores and altered rocks of pyrophyllite deposits produce acidic solution which contain higher amount of heavy metals because of OeP lower buffering capacity to acrid solution. The pus of urine water and nearby stream water of pyrophyllite deposits are 2.1~3.7, which are strong- ly acidic and much lower than that (6.2~7.2) of upstream water and than that (6.8~7.6) of the stream water derived from the non-mineralized area. This study reveals that this acrid mine drainage can affect the downstream area which is 8km far from the pyrophyllite deposits, even though the drain Is diluted with abundant non-contaminated river water This suggmists that not only acid mine drainage but also the sulfide-bearing sediments originated from the pyrophyllite deposits move downstream and form acidic water through continuous oxidation reaction. The heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Nl, Mn and Fe are enriched In the mine water of low pH, and their contents decrease as the pH of mine water Increases because of the Influx of fresh stream wainer. SoUs of the Pyrophyulte deposits are characterized by high contents of heavy metals. The stream sediments containing the yellowish brown precipitates formed by neutralization of acid mine drainage occur in all parts of the stream derived from the pyrophyllite deposits, and the sediments also contain high amounts of heavy metals. In summary, the acid mine drainage of the pyrophyllite deposits is located in the upstream part of Hoidong water reservoir in Pusan contains large amounts of heavy metals and flows into the Holdong water reservoir without any purification process. To protect the water of Holdong reservoir, the acid mine drainage should be treated with a proper purification process.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2021

GPR은 전자파를 지반 또는 대상물에 방사시켜 반사체에서 돌아온 반사파를 이용하는 탐사법으로써 광산의 지반침하나 건설현장의 비파괴 조사, 지반조사, 지하시설물 탐사 등에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 네트워크 RTK와 연계한 GPR을 이용한 비금속 상수관의 탐사에 대한 활용성을 제시하고자 하였다. GPR을 이용하여 연구대상지 상수관에 대한 데이터를 취득하였으며, 상수관로에 대한 위치 및 매설 심도를 측정하였다. 정확도 평가를 위해 GNSS 관측 성과와 GPR 탐사 결과를 비교하였으며, -0.16m ~ 0.15m의 편차를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 공공측량 작업규정의 기기성능을 만족하는 것으로 GPR을 이용한 상수관의 탐사가 가능함을 제시하였다. GPR은 기존 금속관로탐지기에서와 같은 접지 설치가 필요하지 않기 때문에 지하시설물 탐사를 위한 작업의 효율성 증대에 기여할 것이며, GPR을 이용한 탐사는 금속 및 비금속 지하시설물에 대한 위치와 심도를 동시에 취득할 수 있어 GIS 시스템 구축을 위한 데이터로 이용이 가능하다. 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 금속 및 비금속관로 탐사와 콘크리트, 아스팔트 등 지면 매질에 따른 탐사 특성비교 연구가 이루어진다면 GPR을 이용한 지하시설물 탐사의 다양한 활용성을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2021

There is domestic Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS) as remediation standard concentration of contaminated soils. No risk should be observed at soil concentration less than SCWS. Therefore, SCWS was evaluated to confirm the risk assessment. Background Concentration of Soil (BGC) and target remediation concentration were also assessed. The results show that Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) of SCWS was the highest in the groundwater intake pathway (Adult: 6.27E-04, Child: 2.81E-04). Total Cancer Risk (TCR) was 7.76E-04 and 4.30E-04 for adult and child, exceeding reference value (10^-6). Hazard Quotient (Non-Carcinogenic Risk, HQ) was the highest in the indoor air inhalation pathway (Adult: 3.64E+03, Child: 8.74E+02). Hazard Index (Total Non-Carcinogenic Risk, HI) exceeded reference value 1. ECR of the BGC was the highest in the groundwater intake pathway (Adult: 1.71E-04, Child: 7.67E-05). TCR was 2.12E-04 for adults and 1.17E-04 for children, exceeding the reference value (10^-6). HQ was the highest in groundwater intake pathway (Adult: 4.10E-01, Child: 1.84E-01). HI was lower than reference value 1 (Adult: 4.78E-01, Child: 2.50E-01). The heavy metal affecting ECR was Arsenic (As). The remediation-concentration of As was 7.14 mg/kg which is higher than BGC (6.83 mg/kg). TCR of As should be less than reference value (10^-6), but it was higher for all of SCWS, BGC and target remediation concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that risk assessment factors should be re-evaluated to fit domestic environmental settings and SCWS should be induced to satisfy the risk assessment.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2021

We developed non-metallic electrodes that can replace metallic electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator(ESP) for the purpose of light weight, corrosion resistance, cost reduction. We manufactured three types of collection electrodes made of stainless steel (M), Carbon ink coating layer-Plastic sheet-Carbon ink coating layer (CPC), and Plastic sheet-Carbon ink coating layer-Plastic sheet (PCP). We studied the collection efficiency of a two-stage ESP using oil mist particles with and without collection stage by changing the flow rate, the material of collection electrode, and the applied voltage of the pre-charger module and the collection module. Here we measured concentrations of particles at diameters of 0.45 ㎛ (CMD; count median diameter) and 3.0 ㎛ (MMD : mass median diameter), as well as PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. As a result of the experiment, two-stage ESP had 22~25% higher collection efficiency in PM_2.5 than one-stage ESP at the same applied voltage. The difference in collection efficiency by varying the materials of collection electrodes was less than 5%. The weight of the non-metallic electrode was only one eighth the weight of the metal electrode. CPC electrode had a thickness of 0.27 mm, which was 1.5 times thinner than a thickness of PCP electrode, so when the flow rate increased, the CPC electrodes couldn't be kept at equal intervals due to the fluttering unlike PCP electrodes. In addition, the PCP-CPC collection module of the present experiment followed the theoretical efficiency based on Deutsch equation and Cochet's charging theory.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2022

In the 6^th and 7^th centuries, 5 iron artifacts excavated form the Baekje Stone Tomb in Guryong-ri site, Ungcheon, Boryeong, were studied. The sample were metal microscopic observation, SEM-EDS analysis and Raman micro-spectroscopy analysis were conducted to understand the metallurgical characteristics. The microstructure observation showed the presence of ferrite and pearlite throughout, and differences in carbon content existed depending on the direction. Non-metallic inclusions were in the form of long lines, and most of them were wüstite, fayalite. It is indicated that the artifacts were forge welded using hypoeutectoid steel, with signs of carburizing and decarburizing processes. Some crystals with high P₂O₅, TiO₂, CaO content were identified as sarcopside, ulvöspinel, and perovskite, respectively, through Raman spectroscopy. A comparison of the results with previous studies on the sites of Bujang-ri site in Seosan and Bongseon-ri site in Seocheon, which are adjacent sites in the coastal area, revealed that, while heat treatment technology was available, the artifacts were not heat-treated considering the purpose for use for these artifacts. The chemical composition of the non-metallic inclusions P₂O₅, TiO₂, CaO were plotted in proportions to SiO₂ and compared with adjacent sites. Considering that the P₂O₅/SiO₂ ratio was widely distributed, the refining technology was not uniform. In addition, the TiO₂/SiO₂ ratio was found to be higher than that of other sites, meaning that a titanium-containing ore was used to manufacture the artifacts, unlike in surrounding sites, but it is not detected in all artifacts, so it may have been affected by various factors such as furnace walls in addition to raw materials. Although slag formers were used, considering the CaO/SiO₂ ratio and the (Al₂O₃/SiO₂)/(CaO/SiO₂) ratio, which appear to be similar to the surrounding sites, but it is possible that CaO containing raw ore was used because it is also affected by the components of raw ore. As a result of the study, it is highly likely that ore different from that of the surrounding sites was used for production, but a more comprehensive comparative study with the surrounding sites is needed in the future.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.233-260
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 비모수적 분위수 인과관계 검정 방법을 이용하여 국제유가의 변동이 산업별 주가의 움직임에 어떤 영향을 주는지 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석 대상은 1998년 1월부터 2021년 4월까지 WTI 가격, KOSPI 지수 및 18개 산업별 주가지수의 주별 데이터이다. 비모수 분위수 인과 검정 결과에서 유가 변화가 KOSPI 지수에 미치는 영향은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 KOSPI 지수에 포함된 여러 산업의 주가 반응이 서로 다르기 때문이라고 생각된다. 유가 변화에 대한 산업별 주가지수의 반응을 살펴보면, 주식 수익률을 0.1분위부터 0.9분위까지 0.05단위로 나눈 인과관계 결과에서 전체 18개 산업 중 섬유의복, 종이목재, 의약품 등을 포함한 9개 산업에서 인과성이 유의하게 나타났으며, 나머지 9개 산업에서는 유가와의 인과성을 보이지 않았다. 이 산업들 중 세 분위 이상에 걸쳐 연속적으로 인과성이 나타난 산업은 의약품과 통신업(0.45분위 ~ 0.85분위), 섬유의복(0.15분위 ~ 0.45분위), 건설업(0.5분위 ~ 0.6분위) 등 4개 산업으로 인과성이 나타난 구간은 업종마다 차이가 있다. 검정결과를 통해 유가의 변화에 대한 주가 반응에는 산업별로 큰 차이가 있었고, 한 산업에서도 시장 상황에 따라 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 이것은 유가 변화 시기에 투자자들은 포트폴리오를 산업별로 재조정할 필요가 있음을 보여준다. 또한, 정부의 산업정책과 고용정책 등 거시경제정책도 유가 변화 영향이 산업별, 시장 상황별로 차이나는 점을 충분히 고려하여 운영되어야 할 것이다.