• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake, dietary habits and serum lipid profiles of smoking male college students to those of non-smoking subjects. The subjects were composed of two group: 111 smokers and 120 non-smokers was used along with a questionnaire. Anthropometric measure, dietary intakes using 24-hours recall method were compared. The average ages of smokers and non-smokers were 21.6 and 21.1 years old, respectively. The height, weight and BMI of smokers and non-smokers were no significant difference. The average numbers of smoked cigarettes were 15.9/d and the average packyear was 4.9 in the smokers. About 92.8% of the smokers drank alcoholic beverages, while 72.5% of the non-smokers did. The smokers tended to eat less breakfast meal, but drink coffee more often compared to the non-smokers. The mean daily energy and food intake were 2,135.8 kcal and 1,169.5 g in the smokers and 2,034.3 kcal and 1,229.4 g in the non-smokers. The smokers consumed significantly higher intake of fat. The serum triglyceride level of the smokers was significantly higher than that of the non-smokers. In conclusion, the smokers of this study showed a more undesirable dietary intake in the light of their high Int an alcoholic beverages, and coffee. Therefore, it could be suggested that more systematic research be conducted with respect to serum triglyceride and smoking and that increased nutrition education and guidelines for smokers are required.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is known to regulate cell adhesion, migration, and mechanotransduction in focal adhesions (FAs). However, studies on how FAK activity is regulated in the plasma membrane microdomains according to the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are still lacking. A genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor can provide useful information on the activity of intracellular signals with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we analyzed the FAK activities in lipid raft (detergent-resistant membrane) and non-lipid raft (non-detergent-resistant membrane) microdomains using FRET-based membrane targeting FAK biosensors (FAK-Lyn and FAK-KRas biosensors) under four different ECM protein compositions: glass, type 1 collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. Interestingly, FAK activity in response to laminin in a lipid raft microdomain was lower than that in other ECM conditions. Cells subjected to fibronectin showed higher FAK activity in a lipid raft microdomain than that in a non-lipid raft microdomain. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the FAK activity can be distinctively regulated according to the ECM type and the environment of the plasma membrane microdomains.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 1993

The lipid components of the gonad of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, ark shell Scapharca bro-ughtonii and "Gaebul" (Korea name, a worm) Urechis unicinctus were investigated. The total lipid (TL) contents of the sea urchin, the ark shell and the "Gaebul" were 6.10, 0.67 and 0.79%, respectively. The percentages of phospholipid (PL) in TL were higher in the "Gaebul"(72.4%) and ark shell(64.9%) compared to the sea urchin (41.7%). The major lipid classes of PL were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the former was rich in the sea urchin (56.2%) and the latter in the "Gaebul"(34.4%). In the class of non-polar lipid (NL), the major lipid classes were different from species ; the sea urchin was rich in triglyceride(TG, 89.0%), the ark shell rich in TG (69.2%) and cholesterol (ST 26.8%) and the "Gaebul"rich in ST (70.7%). The prominent fatty acids of the sea urchin were 16 : 0, 14 : 0, 20 : 5n-3, 20 : 4n-6 and 20 : 4n-6 and 20 : 2NMID(non-methylene interupted dien). The percentage of 20 : 4n-6 was the highest of the investigated invertebrates, accounting for 19.8% in PL, but 22 : 6n-3 was not detected in the sea urchin. In case of the ark shell, the prominent fatty acids were 16 : 0, 18 : 0, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and 22 : 2NMID, especially 22 : 6n-3(9.58%) was richer compared to that of the "Gaebul". The prominent fatty acids of the "Gaebul"were 20 : 5n-3, 16 : 0, 18 : 0 20 : 1n-9, 16 : 1n-7 and 14 : 0. The percentage of 20 : 5n-3 (22.0%) was highest in the PL of the "Gaebul"among the three invertebrates. These differences in the lipid components of all the sample is considered to be due to the different food habits and environmental condition of the invertebrates.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6439-6444
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• 2015

Background: In India smokeless tobacco users account for 25.9% of total tobacco use, Gutkha being the most common form. This study evaluated the association between serum lipid profile and Gutkha use as an early diagnostic and/or prognostic indicator for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral cancer (Oral Ca) in non-smokers and non-alcohol consumers. Materials and Methods: A total of 163 participants were recruited from two sites in India. Participants were divided into four groups: individuals without any Gutkha chewing habit and without any oral lesions (control group), individuals with Gutkha chewing habit but without any oral lesions (GWL), patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of OSMF, and patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Oral Ca. Mixed linear modelling (MLM) was conducted to detect the change in mean serum lipid levels among four groups. Results: The sample consisted of 69% males and 31% females. Results of MLM show an inverse relationship between serum lipid levels in OSMF, and Oral Ca groups when compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that GWL, OSMF and Oral Ca patients had lower serum lipid levels. Low serum lipid levels could be an indicator of initial neoplastic changes in oral cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 1998

It has been reported that cigarette smoking increases free radical generation, which can also increase lipid peroxides and deplete antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking and other lifestyle choices may affect serum lipid peroxide concentrations, serum antioxidant concentrations such as tocopherol and vitamin C, and serum antioxidant enzyme activity such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall and survey questionnaires from 48 male non-smokers and 52 male smokers. Overnight fasting blood was collected and measured for individual antioxidant status. The daily vitamin C intakes of smokers tended to be lower than those of non-smokers, and the intakes of both groups were under the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Vitamin E intake was sufficient for smokers and non-smokers. Serum lipid peroxide concentrations were no difference among all subjects. The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range, and they were highest in mild smokers (p<0.05). Mean serum vitamin C levels were lowest in heavy smokers (p<0.05). The activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were not significantly different in smokes and non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking did not increase oxidative stress in heathy young men. However, it is desirable for heavy smokers to consume more vitamin C than the RDA sine their serum vitamin C concentrations are relatively low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 1991

In order to investigate the changes of lipid ingredient and fatty acid content in flint corn by a growth process, total lipids from flint corn(Zea may l.) were extracted, purified and fractionated into three lipid classes (neutral lipid ; NL, glycolipid ; GL, phospolipid ; PL) by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC). Non-polar lipid ingredients and fatty acid contents were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC). And non-polar lipid ingredients were quantitatived by TLC scanner. The crude oil among proximare composition increased 2.74% to 4.43% and NL and PL were fractionated by SACC increased 48.5% to 86.02%, 1.01% to 2.73%, respectively. But GL decreased 50.4% to 11.25%. Neutral lipid ingredients identified monoglyceride, were 1.1~3.7%, 11.9~16.1%, 2.3~4.2%, 16.7~21.5% and 58.5~63.6%, respectively. The major fatty acids of NL were linoleic (48.9~61.0%), oleic(22.3~34.2%), palmitic (10.3~11.7%) acids and stearic, linolenic acids were also detected as minor components. The ratio of total unsaturated fatty acid to total saturated fatty acid presented a higher percentage of 5.87~6.34. The physico-chemical characteristics of flint corn lipids were presented as specific gravity presented 0.920, refractive index 1.468, saponification value 191.2, unsaponificable matter 0.97%, acid value 0.58 and iodine value 124.6, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2005

To investigate biological activity of noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin, we measured the antioxidant activity through vitro assay and cellular system. Both water and lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts dose-dependently scav­enged DPPH radical. Superoxide scavenging activity of lipid soluble fraction after treating HCl and trypsin was significantly more potent than those of other fractions in NBT/xanthine oxidase assay, which suggests that antioxidant activity of noni extracts was increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. In antioxidant assay using RBL 2H3 cells, water soluble frac­tion of noni extracts had little effect on silica-induced reactive oxygen species generation, whereas lipid soluble fraction inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In non-treated noni extracts, effect of water soluble fraction on silica/$CuSO_4$-induced lipid peroxidation was more potent than that of lipid soluble fraction. However, the effects of noni extracts were reversed in noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin. These data suggest that water soluble substances may be converted into lipid soluble substances by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. From the above results, it is suggested that lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts contain antioxidant used in vitro assay and RBL 2H3 cellular system. Such an effect of noni extracts may be increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.282-286
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• 2013

Many manufacturing processes damage the structure of meat products and this often contributes to lipid oxidation which could influence warmed-over flavor (WOF) in precooked beef that is reheated beef. Electrical stimulation causes contraction of muscles and improves tissue tenderization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of lipid oxidation or warmed-over flavor that could be affected by electrical stimulation of precooked roast beef after refrigerated storage and reheating. The results show that there was no significant difference between chemical compositions and cooking yields when comparing non-electrically stimulated and electrically stimulated roast beef. Moreover, electrical stimulation had no significant effect on oxidative stability and off-flavor problems of precooked roast beef as evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory test (warmed-over aroma and warmed-over flavor). However, there was an increased undesirable WOF and a decrease in tenderness for both ES and Non-ES treatments over refrigerated storage time. Electrical stimulation did cause reactions of amino acids or other compounds to decrease the desirable beef flavor in re-cooked meat.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.8 no.3_4
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• pp.123-126
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• 2001

We have attempted to determine the Germanium ion (G $e^{4+}$) effect on the human body by observing the formation of artificial lipid membrane and photolysis in the mineral water containing G $e^{4+}$ ion. The artificial lipid membrane is prepared by using the phospholipid in the Germanium water and the formation efficiency of the liposomes is compared with those obtained in the plain mineral water without G $e^{4+}$ ion. This work shows that the liposomes are formed in the Germanium water better than in the non-Germanium water. The liposomes can be photolyzed by superoxide anion ( $O_{2-}$$^{.}$) produced in the presence of some peptide such as NAT (N-acethyl-L-tryptophan). However, this is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), and it was found that the activity of SOD on the inhibition of the liposomes oxidative damage is higher in the Germanium water than in the non-Germanium water. It is concluded that the G $e^{4+}$ ion in mineral water helps the formation of new cell as well as elevation of SOD activity for the lipid oxidation.n.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1993

It is well known that lipidperoxide, formed in vivo, induced the denaturation of enzyme and destruction of cell membrane to acute injury of tissue. Aralia elata have physiological activates, the improvement of lipid metabolism, antidiabetic activity etc., which was thought to have the relationship to lipid peroxidation. The anti-lipidperoxidative effect of Aralia elata have not yet established. In this study, we examined the anti-lipidperoxidative effects of Aralia elata (Butanol fraction) on CCI$_{4}$ induced lipidperoxidation in rats, and elucidated the anti-lipidperoxidative mechanism. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with CCI$_{4}$ (0.5 ml/100g), BuOH fraction of Aralia elata (80 mg/Kg/day) exhibited 85.41% anti-lipidperoxidative effect but in serum 69.63% inhibitory effects, respectively. In mitochondrial and microsomal fraction showed inhibition of 55.85% and 69.30%, respectively. In order to elucidate the mechanism of anti-lipidperoxidation effects of Aralia elata, enzymatic (NADPH dependent) and non-enzymatic (Ascorbic acid catalyzed) reaction, in vitro, were performed. In enzymatic reation, Aralia elata exhibited 59.43% anti-lipidperoxidation effects, but in non-enzymatic reaction exhibited 43.27% inhibition. Therefore, it is noteworthy that antioxidative power of them may mainly results from the inhibition by enzymatic reaction.