• 영어영문학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.73-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to contend the importance of resurrection of fluid identity and ecological imagination for making the habitable biosphere in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping. Ruth as a narrator suggests the future-oriented vision that the environment and nature(mother) can be resurrected, crossing Fingerbone bridge of the boundary line of society/nature as a faithful follower of her aunt Sylvie and becoming the existence with a transparent voice despite of her absence. This novel is to rewrite the American pastoral. Based on the patriarchical way despite of the absence of Edmund Foster, Sylvia's conventional housekeeping is to divide between inside and outside of the house. Nevertheless, Sylvia's relentless efforts to keep her house intact turns out to be fragile. Contrasting with Sylvia, Sylvie's housekeeping is to recognize the continuity of inside and outside. She willingly accepts the reconciliation of the self, the nature and the society. After Ruth and Lucille's staying at night in the lake, they are diverged into going their own way. Ruth accepts Sylvie as a substitute mother. Lucille leaves the house voluntarily and go to her Home Economics teacher, Miss Royce, pursuing the ideal mother of symbolic society. Sylvie and Ruth has the more intimate bond, with their trip to the deserted house in the valley. Ruth meditates on the non-solidity of house and the resurrection of her family. Leaving their house to escape from the town people's legal enforcement, Sylvie and Ruth become transients. Although their history is completed by the drown-death publicly, they always want to visit Lucille's well kept house in Fingerbone. Therefore the method for making Ruth and Sylvie as the existences of ecological imagination return to the real world is to accept the reconciliation of nature and society. This novel is not limited as the binary opposition of vagrance/stability and transience/durability. The significant element of fluid identity can be composed of the interactions with transience and stability.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2021

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate the installation rates and status of indoor smoking rooms in public facilities and to determine the level of compliance level with smoke-free policies in accordance with the National Health Promotion Act. Methods: A visiting survey was conducted on 1,206 public facilities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and the Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do Province area. Researchers selected public facilities such as bars, coffee houses, and internet cafes using convenient sampling. They visited without prior notice, checked the existence of indoor smoking rooms, and recorded their status. Results: Internet cafes (110/116) had the highest installation rate of indoor smoking rooms, followed by bowling clubs (17/19) and billiard rooms (87/100). Depending on the type of business, 50-88% of smoking rooms were not completely enclosed. Coin karaoke rooms showed the least inadequacy in this regard. In addition, out of 512 smoking rooms, in 33% (n = 169) smoking indoors was observed in non-smoking areas. Only 9% of public facilities were in full compliance with the indoor smoke-free regulation. Conclusions: It was found that most of the public facilities with indoor smoking rooms did not comply with the smoke-free policy, and smoking was still observed inside some facilities. Therefore, there is a need for a policy that prohibits indoor smoking rooms completely.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2022

During the past decades, detection of gear defects remains as a major problem, especially when the gears are subject to non-stationary phenomena. The idea of this paper is to mixture a multilevel wavelet transform with a fast EMD decomposition in order to early detect gear defects. The sensitivity of a kurtosis is used as an indicator of gears defect burn. When the gear is damaged, the appearance of a crack on the gear tooth disrupts the signal. This is due to the presence of periodic pulses. Nevertheless, the existence of background noise induced by the random excitation can have an impact on the values of these temporal indicators. The denoising of these signals by multilevel wavelet transform improves the sensitivity of these indicators and increases the reliability of the investigation. Finally, a defect diagnosis result can be obtained after the fast transformation of the EMD. The proposed approach consists in applying a multi-resolution wavelet analysis with variable decomposition levels related to the severity of gear faults, then a fast EMD is used to early detect faults. The proposed mixed methods are evaluated on vibratory signals from the test bench, CETIM. The obtained results have shown the occurrence of a teeth defect on gear on the 5th and 8th day. This result agrees with the report of the appraisal made on this gear system.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2022

The elements that impact the dynamics and collaborations of waves and particles in the magnetosphere of planets have been considered here. Saturn's internal magnetosphere is determined by substantiated instabilities and discovered to be an exceptional zone of wave activity. Interchanged instability is found to be one of the responsible events in view of temperature anisotropy and energization processes of magnetospheric species. The generated active ions alongside electrons that constitute the populations of highly magnetized planets like Saturn's ring electron current are taken into consideration in the current framework. The previous and similar method of characteristics and the perturbed distribution function have been used to derive dispersion relation. In incorporating this investigation, the characteristics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave (EMIC) waves are determined by the composition of ions in plasmas through which the waves propagate. The effect of ring distribution illustrates non-monotonous description on growth rate (GR) depending upon plasma parameters picked out. Observations made by Cassini found appropriate for modern study, have been applied to the Kronian magnetosphere. Using Maxwellian ring distribution function of ions and detailed mathematical formulation, an expression for dispersion relation as well as GR and real frequency (RF) are evaluated. Analysis of plasma parameters shows that, proliferating EMIC waves are not developed much when propagation is parallelly aligned with magnetosphere as compared to waves propagating in oblique direction. GR for the oblique case, is influenced by temperature anisotropy as well as by alternating current (AC) frequency, whereas it is much affected only by AC frequency for parallel propagating waves.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2444-2452
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• 2022

The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is gaining popularity in industrial automation such as nuclear power plant instrumentation and control (I&C) systems due to the benefits of having non-existence of operating system, minimum software errors, and minimum common reason failures. Separate functions can be processed individually and in parallel on the same integrated circuit using FPGAs in comparison to the conventional microprocessor-based systems used in any plant operations. The use of FPGAs offers the potential to minimize complexity and the accompanying difficulty of securing regulatory approval, as well as provide superior protection against obsolescence. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new technology for acquiring and processing plant data wirelessly in which sensor nodes are configured for real-time signal processing, data acquisition, and monitoring. ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) is an open worldwide standard for minimum power, low-cost machine-to-machine (M2M), and internet of things (IoT) enabled wireless network communication. It is always a challenge to follow the specific topology when different Zigbee nodes are placed in a large network such as a plant. The research article focuses on the hardware chip design of different topological structures supported by ZigBee that can be used for monitoring and controlling the different operations of the plant and evaluates the performance in Vitex-5 FPGA hardware. The research work presents a strategy for configuring FPGA with ZigBee sensor nodes when communicating in a large area such as an industrial plant for real-time monitoring.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2023

This research aims to identify the role that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can play in achieving the economic goals of the vision of Saudi Arabia 2030. The study relied on descriptive analysis, designing a standard model, and analyzing it using the Eviews9 program. The study also adopted the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The study area covered Alkharj and Hawtat Bani Tamim governorates. The sample size of the study was 142 participants. The study's results confirmed the existence of a significant impact of changes in independent variables (X1, X2, X3, X4), which are (GDP, non-oil exports, number of employees, and public revenues), respectively. The dependent variable (Y) represents the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it was found that 61.3% of small and medium-sized enterprises in the governorates of Al-Kharj and Hawtat Bani Tamim operate in the commercial sector. Most study participants concur that SMEs significantly lowered the unemployment rate and helped boost the GDP rate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The obstacles and difficulties facing the establishment of these enterprises were financial problems, marketing problems, and corporate monopoly. Furthermore, most of the small and medium l enterprises faced financing problems.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.5-36
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• 2022

러시아-우크라이나 전쟁은 미국과 러시아, 러시아와 우크라이나, 우크라이나 정부군과 반군 간 '3층위 복합전'이다. 첫째, 동 전쟁은 자유주의국제질서를 유지·강화하려는 서구 세력권과 새로운 대안질서를 추구하는 중러 세력권이 지정학적 단층대인 우크라이나에서 충돌함으로써 발생한 현상이다. 둘째, 이번 전쟁은 나토의 지속적 확장과 러시아의 대응이라는 '연쇄 반응'(chain reaction) 게임에 의한 전형적인 '안보 딜레마' 현상의 결과이다. 셋째, 러-우 전쟁은 우크라이나의 돈바스에 대한 군사적 수복을 저지하기 위한 러시아의 군사력 투사로 인해 발생했다. 그동안 미국을 위시한 서구 세계는 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 이후 예상 밖의 결속력을 보여주었다. 그러나 중국을 비롯한 비서구 세계가 러시아에 대한 규탄과 제재에 동참하지 않고 있어 눈길을 끈다. 이번 전쟁은 냉전 종식 이후 형성되어 작동하고 있는 현 국제질서의 존립과 변화 유무의 중요한 분기점이 될 것이다. 전쟁의 전개 양상과 종결 방식에 따라 현 국제질서의 유지·복원, 수정·변경, 종식·전환의 방향이 결정될 가능성이 크며, 대체로 그동안의 전황을 고려해볼 때 두 번째 방향으로 나아갈 가능성이 크다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2022

Accidental anchor drop can cause disturbances to seabed materials and pose significant threats to the safety and serviceability of submarine structures such as pipelines. In this study, a series of anchor drop tests was carried out to investigate the penetration mechanism of a Hall anchor in sand and clay. A special anchor drop apparatus was designed to model the inflight drop of a Hall anchor. Results indicate that Coriolis acceleration was the primary cause of large horizontal offsets in sand, and earth gravity had negligible impact on the lateral movement of dropped anchors. The indued final horizontal offset was shown to increase with the elevated drop height of an anchor, and the existence of water can slow down the landing velocity of an anchor. It is also observed that water conditions had a significant effect on the influence zone caused by anchors. The vertical influence depth was over 5 m, and the influence radius was more than 3 m if the anchor had a drop height of 25 m in dry sand. In comparison, the vertical influence depth and radius reduced to less than 3 m and 2 m, respectively, when the anchor was released from 10 m height and fell into the seabed with a water depth of 15 m. It is also found that the dynamically penetrating anchors could significantly influence the earth pressure in clay. There is a non-linear increase in the measured penetration depth with kinematic energy, and the resulted maximum earth pressure increased dramatically with an increase in kinematic energy. Results from centrifuge model tests in this study provide useful insights into the penetration mechanism of a dropped anchor, which provides valuable data for design and planning of future submarine structures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2023

Glutathione peroxidases (Gpx) are a group of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells or tissues against damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Gpx proteins identified in mammals exhibit high catalytic activity toward glutathione (GSH). In contrast, a variety of non-mammalian Gpx proteins from diverse organisms, including fungi, plants, insects, and rodent parasites, show specificity for thioredoxin (TRX) rather than GSH and are designated as TRX-dependent peroxiredoxins. However, the study of the properties of Gpx in the environmental microbiome or isolated bacteria is limited. In this study, we analyzed the Gpx sequences, identified the characteristics of sequences and structures, and found that the environmental microbiome Gpx proteins should be classified as TRX-dependent, Gpx-like peroxiredoxins. This classification is based on the following three items of evidence: i) the conservation of the peroxidatic Cys residue; ii) the existence and conservation of the resolving Cys residue that forms the disulfide bond with the peroxidatic cysteine; and iii) the absence of dimeric and tetrameric interface domains. The conservation/divergence pattern of all known bacterial Gpx-like proteins in public databases shows that they share common characteristics with that from the environmental microbiome and are also TRX-dependent. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis shows that the bacterial Gpx-like proteins exhibit a star-like radiating phylogenetic structure forming a highly diverse genetic pool of TRX-dependent, Gpx-like peroxidases.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 암반 수리-역학적 관계의 기본모델 입력인자인 암석 입자 체적계수에 대하여 직접적인 측정 실험법을 제시하고, 실험을 수행함으로써 암석 입자 체적계수를 도출하였다. 또한, 서로 다른 기하학적 특성을 가진 암석에 대하여 암석 입자 체적계수를 비교함으로써 입자 체적계수에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 이론적으로 추정하는 암석 입자 체적계수의 값이 실제보다 과대예측 하고 있음을 확인하였으며, 이에 대해 암체 입자 구조에 따른 암석 내부 고립돼있는 공극의 존재로 인한 가능성을 고찰하였다. 최종적으로, 본 연구에서 제시한 직접적인 측정방법이 사암의 입자 체적계수를 신뢰성 있게 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.