• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1161-1161
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• 2001

Rapid cost-effective methods of measuring wood quality are extremely important to tree improvement programs where it is necessary to test large numbers of trees. Non-destructive sampling of a forest can be achieved by using increment cores generally removed at breast height. At CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products methods for the rapid, non-destructive measurement of wood properties and wood chemistry based on increment core samples have been developed. In this paper the application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the prediction of a range solid wood properties, including density, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (E$\sub$L/) and microfibril angle (MFA), is described. Experiments conducted on individual species (Eucalyptus delegatensis and Pinus radiata), the two species combined and a number of mixed species from several genera are reported. NIR spectra were obtained from the radial/longitudinal face of each sample and used to develop calibrations for the measured physical properties. When the individual species were used the relationships between laboratory determined data and NIR fitted data were good in all cases. Coefficients of determination (R$^2$) ranging from 0.77 for MFA to 0.93 for stick density were obtained for E. delegatensis and R$^2$ ranging from 0.68 for MFA to 0.94 for strip density were obtained for P. radiata. The calibration statistics for the combined E. delegatensis and P. radiata samples were similar to those found for the individual species. As these results indicated that it might be possible to produce general calibrations based on samples from a number of species of a single genus or samples from a number of different genera, a wide range of species was subsequently tested. Good relationships were obtained for both density and E$\sub$L/. These calibrations had R$^2$ that were slightly lower than those determined using individual species and standard errors that were higher. The mixed species calibrations, when applied to the E. delegatensis and P. radiata sample sets, provided good estimates of density (stick and strip) and E$\sub$L/. The results demonstrated that a mixed species calibration, that encompasses wide variation in terms of, wood anatomy, chemistry and physical properties, could be used to rank trees. Experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that solid wood properties can be estimated by NIR spectroscopy. The method offers a rapid and non-destructive alternative to traditional methods of analysis and is applicable to large-scale non-destructive forest resource assessment, and to tree breeding and silvicultural programs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the weight loss, firmness, external color and vitamin C (VC) content of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) using non-destructive method to measure identical tomato samples during 15 days storage at low temperature and high humidity. Tomatoes were harvested at the light red stage, sorted, box packed and then stored in thermo-hygrostat ($10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}10%RH$). The quality changes in weight loss, firmness and external color were measured every 3 day interval. Weight loss was increased by $1.13{\pm}0.15%$, but it may not be considered to affect quality. Surface color of fruit was changed, especially in lightness and hue angle value. The color values were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the results were significant (p<0.001). Firmness of fruit declined during storage, but it did not decrease in direct proportion. On the storage of day 15, firmness was decreased to 40% of initial state. At last, all the experiment data are summarized and the relationship between firmness and weight loss is analyzed to construct a linear regression mathematical model that can predict the weight loss with the firmness value measured by non-destructive method. This research result could be useful in helping tomato exporters and suppliers to get real-time quality factor by using proposed method and regression model.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.48-56
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• 2022

Controlling the setting time of cementitious materials is one of the most important factors in securing early-age performance of concrete structures. Recently, the use of retarding admixtures, which enable the inhibition of some hydration products to control the securing time due to average temperature rise is suggested. Although various non-destructive evaluation methods have been proposed to evaluate cement hydration and hardening of cement-based materials to overcome the limitations of Vicat needle test, experimental research is still required to use the non-destructive evaluation method with added retarding admixtures. In this study, measurements of electrical resistivity and ultrasonic wave velocity in early-aged cement pastes were performed according to the addition of retarding admixture(tartaric acid). The setting time of the cement pastes was evaluated by obtained rising time of the both non-destructive measurements. As a result, the possibility of evaluating the setting delay in cement pastes was confirmed through comparative analysis with the initial and final setting times by Vicat test. In addition, X-ray diffraction results at the rising time of electrical resistivity showed a key hydration product affecting the setting delay.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Since the number of crops cultivated in reclaimed land is huge, it is very difficult to quantify the total crop production. Therefore, a non-destructive method for predicting crop production is needed. Salt tolerant root vegetables such as red beets and sugar beet are suitable for cultivation in reclaimed land. If their underground biomass can be predicted, it helps to estimate crop productivity. Objectives of this study are to investigate maximum leaf length and weight of red beet, sugar beet, and turnips grown in reclaimed land, and to determine optimal model with regression analysis for linear and allometric growth models. METHODS AND RESULTS: Maximum leaf length, width, and root fresh weight of red beets, sugar beets, and turnips were measured. Ten linear models and six allometric growth models were selected for estimation of root fresh weight and non-linear regression analysis was conducted. The allometric growth model, which have a variable multiplied by square of maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width, showed highest R² values of 0.67, 0.70, and 0.49 for red beets, sugar beets, and turnips, respectively. Validation results of the models for red beets and sugar beets showed the R² values of 0.63 and 0.65, respectively. However, the model for turnips showed the R² value of 0.48. The allometric growth model was suitable for estimating the root fresh weight of red beets and sugar beets, but the accuracy for turnips was relatively low. CONCLUSION: The regression models established in this study may be useful to estimate the total production of root vegetables cultivated in reclaimed land, and it will be used as a non-destructive method for prediction of crop information.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

In order to inspect the quality of spot welding, inefficient destructive test and NDT (non destructive testing) utilizing expensive foreign ultrasonic inspection are being conducted in the automobile production lines, but NDT will be difficult to be used in the domestic automobile production due to complexity of the waveform analysis and lack of mobility. In this paper, NDT system inspecting the quality of spot welding based on mobile network is proposed to complement drawbacks of the conventional inefficient destructive testing and NDT inspecting the quality of spot welding. Regardless of daily condition of NDT tester, the proposed NDT system can determine the quality of spot welding automatically and transmit the information of NDT quality to smart devices of field workers in real-time so that convenience of NDT and productivity of automobile production will be improved. Several specimens with a variety of welding quality was produced to evaluate the performance of the proposed mobile ultrasonic NDT system and the conventional foreign equipment, through this experiments, the proposed mobile ultrasonic NDT system indicate the superior properties compared to the conventional equipment in terms of convenience, productivity, and economic.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.629-643
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• 2016

Among all the natural disasters, earthquakes are the most destructive calamities since they cause a plenty of injuries and economic losses leaving behind a series of signs of panic. The present study highlights the moment-curvature relationships for the structural elements such as beam and column elements and Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis of RC frame structures since it is a very simplified procedure of non-linear static analysis. The highly popular model namely Mander's model and Kent and Park model are considered and then, seismic risk evaluation of RC building has been conducted using SAP 2000 version 17 treating uncertainty in strength as a parameter. From the obtained capacity and demand curves, the performance level of the structure has been defined. The seismic fragility curves were developed for the variations in the material strength and damage state threshold are calculated. Also the comparison of experimental and analytical results has been conducted.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.685-691
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• 2002

Air exclusion test which is the way to assess the quality of the concrete is a part destructive test for minor damaging and accurate measurement. it has been well known but the test process is complexed, so it has been well known in foreign country but it is not usable in our country. For this experiment, it analyze its special quality through the inspection for the factor which effect to the result or accuracy for the Air exclusion test, and it examine through the experiment for the Non destructive test and cylinder compressive test which is different from the air exclusion test. We suggest the suitable classified table for the domestic concrete condition through the comparative analysis against the overseas result that has been suggested before.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.257-259
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• 2004

In this paper measurement method of uranium isotope ratio of uranium-bearing particles in swipe samples was introduced; Swipe sample screening program was proposed on the basis of studying various destructive assay and non-destructive assays. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(XRF) system was applied to locate the deposited uranium-containing particles on the graphite support, particle's composition and size can be identified. Some isotope ratio results were compared with those of other bulk analytical methods; By measuring the same prepared sample, we got the U-particle isotopic ratio data similar to those from IAEA NWAL, indicating that our operation parameters and experimental conditions are viable and can be used for measurement of U-particle isotopic ratio from swipe samples.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1769-1773
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• 1996

The remaining life of generator stator winding has been the controversial issue amomg many experts in this area. The report from Japan claims that they can predict the remaining life of generator winding, while the North American has the negative opinion about it. This study aimed at verifying the validity of both Japanese criteria and North American argument on evaluation of generator winding insulation. Non destructive and destructive tests were performed on two hydro-generators. The test results showed that the trend analysis of stator winding insulation was the better option.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.230-237
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• 2001

For the structural integrity of large and complex structures such as railway vehicle, the in-field diagnosis of mechanical properties of the structures is needed, and especially, the mechanical characteristics of the weldment must be carefully evaluated. But, conventional standard testing methods having destructive procedures are not applicable to in-field assessment of mechanical property variations within weldment because they needs the limitations of specimen size and geometry. In this paper, to overcome this problems, the advanced indentation technique (AIS) is introduced for simple and non-destructive/in-field testing of weldment of industrial structures. This test measures indentation load-depth curve during indentation and analyzes the mechanical properties related to deformation and fracture. First of all, flow properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and work hardening index can be evaluated through the analysis of the deformation behavior beneath the spherical indenter. Additionally, case studies of advanced indentation techniques are introduced.