• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of muscle from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the potential utilization of muscle from fin, head, arms, and tentacles, which consumers usually like less than the mantle. The mantle was found to constitute 47-49% of the total muscle and the proportion was slightly higher in females than in males. For the remaining 51-53% of the muscle, the only gender difference was that the arms of males contained approximately 3% more muscle than those of females (P<0.05). The protein content was higher in the mantle, arms, and tentacles than in the fin and head in both males and females (P<0.05), and was slightly higher in males (15.7-20.7%) than in females (15.1-19.2%). By contrast, the lipid content was slightly higher in females (1.82-2.54%) than in males (1.01-2.37%), and the fins in both males and females contained the most lipids (2.37-2.54%) of all muscle. The prominent lipid classes in the muscles were free sterol (males 81.5-91.9% vs. females 84.9-91.8% for the non-polar lipid content), phosphatidylcholine (PC, males 59.3-62.4% vs. females 49.2-57.8% for the phospholipid content) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, males 22.0-28.8% vs. females 25.6-33.8% for the phospholipid content). The percentage of PC was approximately 5-10% higher in males (P<0.05), especially in the fin, while that of PE was approximately 3-5% higher in female (P<0.05), especially in the head. All of the squid muscle contained 52.1-54.9% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Males contained slightly more DHA, whereas female contained more EPA. The total percentage of n-3 PUFA differed little among muscles within the same gender.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of the viscera from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the possible utilization of the liver, reproductive organs, and gills. In male and female squid, the viscera comprise 21% and 27% of the body weight, respectively. The protein content of the viscera was slightly higher in females (17.7-19.5%) than in males (15.6-17.2%). This was especially marked in the female reproductive organs, while there was little difference in the gill. The liver contained the largest amounts of lipids (17.2-18.6%) and the levels were higher in males than in females (P<0.01). By contrast, the reproductive organs of females contained more lipids than did those of males (4.68% vs. 1.65%, p<0.01). The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) classes were triacylglycerol (51.9-55.4% of the NL content) and sterol ester (16.3-21.8%) in the liver, and free sterol (47.0-68.5%) and free fatty acids (31.5-41.2%) in the reproductive organs. However, there were no significant differences in the NL classes between sexes. The percentage of the most prominent phospholipid (PL) class, phosphatidylcholine (PC), was highest in the liver (78.1-79.6% of the PL content), and there was no significant difference between the sexes. By contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was highest in the reproductive organs (33.4%), and was higher in males than in females (P<0.05). All the visceral organs contained 36.4-48.5% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The DHA level was highest in female reproductive organs (32.3%), while EPA was high in male reproductive organs. These results demonstrate that the viscera of male and female common squid are a good source of DHA and EPA.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 사용 종료 생활폐기물 매립지의 10년 경과 후를 중심으로 하여 매립폐기물의 물리적 특성, TS, 수분, C/N비,용출실험, 원소분석을 하였으며, 매립지의 주변 토양을 분석하였다. 매립 폐기물의 유기성 물질은 7.2%~23.5%를 차지하였으며, 무기성 물질의 대부분은 토사류로서 54.1%~71.0%를 차지하고 있었다. TS는 51.5%~68.1%, VS 23.6%~56.1%, 수분은 32.0%~48.4%로 나타났다. 유해물질의 분석결과 수은, 6가 크롬, 시안, 유기인, 테트라클로로에틸렌, 트리클로로에틸렌은 검출되지 않았으며, 용출물질 중 Pb가 0.023~0.092mg/L로 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 원소분석 결과 C는 47.74%~56.72%, N는 4.09%~9.92%, C/N비는 5.76~12.57이었고, 매립장 주변의 토양 분석 결과 Pb이 2.465mg/kg~10.251mg/kg으로 가장 많았다. 사용종료 매립장 폐기물의 환경현황 분석을 통하여 매립장에 대한 시간에 따른 특성, 안정화도, 주변 토양의 오염도를 평가하고자 하며, 매립지 특성 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 등급 외 플라이애쉬 중 산화칼슘 함량이 높은 플라이애쉬를 저강도 유동화 채움재(controlled low strength material, CLSM)의 바인더로써 활용 가능성을 알아보았다. 사용된 플라이애쉬는 상대적으로 산화칼슘 함량이 높은 플라이애쉬를 배출하는 유동층형 보일러(circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler, CFBC)에서 시료를 채집하여 사용하였다. 배합한 시료의 유동성, 일축압축강도, 단위중량 등을 파악하여 CLSM 시료의 공학적 특징을 알아보았으며, 미세구조관찰과 X선 회절분석을 통한 CLSM 시료의 경화 메커니즘을 파악하였다. 실험 수행 결과 유동성을 만족하는 함수비는 42에서 85%의 범위를 보였으며, 유동성 시험 결과 골재의 종류와 관계없이 골재율이 증가함에 따라 유동성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 일축압축강도는 0.3MPa에서 1.9MPa의 분포를 보였다. 규사를 골재로 사용한 경우 골재율이 증가함에 따라 일축압축강도는 증가하였으나, 바텀애쉬를 골재로 사용한 경우 골재율이 증가함에 따라 일축압축강도는 감소하였다. 미세구조관찰 결과와 X선 회절분석을 통해 CLSM 시료는 고분자 중합반응과 시멘트 수화반응을 통해 강도를 발현하는 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 산화칼슘 함량이 높은 플라이애쉬의 자체 경화성을 이용하여 저강도 유동화 채움재로써 활용이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-35
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• 1998

Chitosan, with a chemical structure similar to hyaluronic acid, has been implicated as a wound healing agent. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of chitosan on the characteristics of periodontal ligament cells, calvaria cells and gingival fibroblasts and to define the effects of chitosan on bone formation in vitro. In control group, the cells were cultured alone with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% Fetal bovine serum, 100unit/ml penicillin, $100{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin, $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ amphotericin-B. In experimental group, chitosan($40{\mu}g/ml$) is added into the above culture condition. And then each group was characterized by examining the cell proliferation at 1,3,5,7,9,12,15 day, the amount of total protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity at 3, 7 day and the ability to produce mineralized nodules of rat calvaria cell at 11 day. The results were as follows : 1. At early time both periodontal ligament cells and calvaria cells in chitosan-treated group proliferated more rapidly than in non-treated control group, but chitosan-treated group of periodontal ligament cells at 9 days and calvaria cells at 12days showed lower growth rate than control group. Gingival fibroblast in chitosan-treated group had lower growth rate than in control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P< 0.01).2. Both periodontal ligament cells and calvaria cells in chitosan-treated group showed much protein synthesis than in control group at 3 days, but showed fewer than in control group at 7 days. Amount of total protein synthesis of gingival fibroblast didn't have statistically significant difference among the two groups(P< 0.01). 3. At 3 and 7 days, alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells and calvaria cells was increased in chitosan-treated group, but at 7 days there was not statistically significant difference among the two groups of calvaria cells (P< 0.01). Alkaline phosphatase activity of gingival fibroblast didn't have statistically significant difference among the two groups(P<0.01). 4. Mineralized nodules in chitosan-treated group of rat calvaria cells were more than in control group. In summery, chitosan had an effect on the proliferation, protein systhesis, alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells and calvaria cells, and facilitated the formation of bone. It is thought that these effects can be used clinically in periodontal regeneration therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1292-1300
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• 2020

Objective: To explore feed resources capable of replacing regular poor-quality fodder, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage. Methods: The mulberry leaves were ensiled either untreated (control) or treated with 1×10⁶ cfu/g fresh matter Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), and a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). The fermentation quality and chemical composition were analyzed after 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, respectively. The 60-d silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test and fermented with buffered rumen fluid to measure the digestibility. Results: Inoculating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resulted in more rapid increase in lactic acid concentrations and decline in pH of mulberry leaves silage as compared control. Higher acetic acid and lower ethanol and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p<0.05) were observed in the LAB-inoculated silages as opposed to control during ensiling. The LAB-inoculated silages contained lower water-soluble carbohydrates compared with control during the first 14 d of ensiling, and lower neutral detergent fibre (p<0.05) concentrations as compared with non-LAB inoculated silages. Adding molasses alone increased (p<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (DM). The aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage was increased by LAB inoculation, whereas decreased by adding glucose or molasses. Conclusion: The LAB inoculation improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage, while adding glucose or molasses failed to affect the fermentation and impaired the aerobic stability. Inoculating LAB alone is recommended for mulberry leaves especially when ensiled at a relatively high DM.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 1986

감자썩이선충(Ditylenchus destructor)에 의해 폐포(廢圃)된 강원도 철원지역(鐵原地域) 인삼포(人蔘圃)에 훈증제(熏蒸劑) 및 비훈증제(非熏蒸劑) 약제(藥劑)를 처리하고 인삼(人蔘)을 식부(植付)한 후, 재배기간중(栽培期間中)에 ethoprop, aldicarb, carbofuran, phenamiphos, triazophos, oxamyl 등(等)을 인삼(人蔘) 2년근시(年根時)와 3년근시(年根時)에 한달 간격으로 각각(各各) 2회(回)와 3회(回)씩 처리(處理)하였다. 예정지(豫定地)에 cylon, ethoprop 및 triazophos 처리구(處理區)는 1984년 인삼(人蔘) 3년근시(年根時) 선충의 밀도(密度)는 무처리구(無處理區), formalin 훈증구(熏蒸區) 및 carbofuran 처리구(處理區)보다 상대적으로 낮았으며 3년(年), 4년근(年根)의 출아율(出芽率)과 3년근(年根)의 병발생억제(病發生柳制)에 효과가 있었다. cylon 훈증후(熏蒸後) 재배기간중(栽培期間中) 약제처리(藥劑處理)는 cylon 단독 처리포장(處理圃場)에 비해 선충의 밀도(密度)감소와 출아율(出芽率) 및 병발생억제(病發生柳制)에는 효과가 크지 않았으나 채굴시 4년근(年根)의 잔존율(殘存率) 및 인삼근(人蔘根) 수량(收量)에는 차이를 안정할 수 있었다. 칸당(當) 1kg 이상의 인삼근(人蔘根) 수량(收量)은 cylon 처리후(處理後) 재배기간중(栽培期間中) aldicarb 또는 ethoprop 처리구(處理區)와 예정지(豫定地)부터 ethoprop을 처리(處理)한 포장(圃場)에서 얻을 수 있었다. 인삼생육(人蔘生育)과 선충밀도와의 상관은 조사당시 뿐만 아니라 조사시기(調査時期)를 전후로 하여 유의성(有意性)있는 상관을 보여 토양중(土壤中) 감자썩이 선충이 인삼(人蔘)의 생육(生育)에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2002

In order to endow with new bioactive functionality from small intestine submucosa (SIS) powder as natural source to poly (L-lactide) (PLA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) synthetic biodegradable polymer, porous SIS/PLA and SIS/PLGA as natural/synthetic composite scaffolds were prepared by means of the solvent casting/salt leaching methods for the possibility of the application of tissue engineered bone and cartilage. A uniform distribution of good interconnected pores from the surface to core region was observed the pore size of 40~500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ independent with SIS amount using the solvent casting/salt leaching method. Porosities, specific pore areas as well as pore size distribution also were almost same. After the fabrication of SIS/PLA hybrid scaffolds, the wetting properties was greatly enhanced resulting in more uniform cell seeding and distribution. Five groups as PGA non-woven mesh without glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment, PLA scaffold without or with GA treatment, and SIS/PLA (Code No.3 ; 1 : 12 of salt content, (0.4 : 1 of SIS content, and 144 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of median pore size) without or with GA treatment were implanted into the back of nude mouse to observe the effect of SIS on the induction of cells proliferation by hematoxylin and eosin, and von Kossa staining for 8 weeks. It was observed that the effect of SIS/PLA scaffolds with GA treatment on bone induction are stronger than PLA scaffolds, that is to say, in the order of PLA/SIS scaffolds with GA treatment > PLA/SIS scaffolds without GA treatment > PGA nonwoven > PLA scaffolds only with GA treatment = PLA scaffolds only without GA treatment for the osteoinduction activity. The possible explanations are (1) many kinds of secreted, circulating, and extracellular matrix-bound growth factors from SIS to significantly affect critical processes of tissue development and differentiation, (2) the exposure of SIS to GA resulted in significantly calcification, and (3) peri-implant fibrosis due to covalent bonding between collagen molecule by crosslinking reaction. In conclusion, it seems that SIS plays an important role for bone induction in SIS/PLA scaffolds for the application of tissue engineering area.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

소수성 설리카를 안정제로 하는 현탁중합법으로 $75^{\circ}C$에서 합성한 고분자입자들을 모세관 레오미터를 이용하여 전단점도를 측정하였다. 전단점도는 중량평균분자량이 증가하면서 비뉴톤거동을 나타내였다. 스타렌(St)/부틸메타크릴레이트(BMA)의 구성비를 변화하며 합성한 공중합체 입자를 이용하여 $170^{\circ}C$ 및 $190^{\circ}C$에서 측정한 전단점도는 분자량, 온도 뿐만 아니라 구성비에 따라서도 변화하였다. St/BMA의 구성비가 7/3, 5/5 및 3/7의 공중합체 (co-PSB) 입자의 경우 유사한 분자량을 나타내었지만 BMA의 구성비가 증가하면서 전단점도는 소폭 감소하였다. BMA의 비가 3/7을 초과하며 높은 전단속도에서의 전단점도는 급격히 감소하였다. 이는 BMA 구성비의 증가에 따른 PBMA 사슬의 길이의 증가로 인한 유동성 향상에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 카본블랙을 함유하는 co-PSB 복합체 업자의 전단점도는 카본블랙의 증가에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나, 카본블랙의 농도 증가에 따른 전단점도의 증가는 분자량의 증가 효과에 비교하여 미약하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2005

화장품은 의약품과 달리 남녀노소를 불문하고 거의 평생에 걸쳐 사용하는 제품이므로 피부 및 인체의 안전성 확보는 중요한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 화장품의 안전성 평가는 화장품법에 식품의약품안전청장이 고시하도록 되어있어 현재 식약청고시 '기능성화장품등의 심사에 관한 규정'에서 정하고 있다. 자외선에 의한 피부독성은 피부노화, 피부홍반, 피부손상, 피부암 유발 면역계장애 등이 있으며, IARC (International agency for research on cancer)에서는 자외선을 사람에게 암을 유발하는 물질로 분류하고 있다. 자외선 노출에 의하여 설치류에 대한 피부암 유발보고는 많이 있고, 현재 전 세계적으로 자외선에 의한 피부 암화 과정에 대하여 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 화장품이 광에 의한 영향을 평가하는 시험은 광독성시험으로, 국내에서 광독성에 대한 규정은 자외선에서 흡수가 없음을 증명하는 흡광도 시험자료를 제출하는 경우는 면제이고 그 외의 경우는 상기 고시에 의한 광독성 시험과 광감작성 시험을 실시하도록 되어 있다. 이 시험은 일반적으로 기니픽 또는 토끼를 포함한 적절한 동물로 실시하도록 규정되어 있다. 화장품 안전성 평가에 있어서 동물대체시험법의 요구는 3R (replacement, refinement, reduction) 운동으로 유럽을 중심으로 시작하여 이제는 전세계로 확대되어 있으며, 화장품 안전성심사에 있어 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있다 화장품의 광독성 평가에 대한 대체시험법으로 3T3 NRU(neutral red uptake) 광독성시험이 2004년 4월 OECD 독성시험 기준으로 채택되었다. In vitro 광독성 시험법은 마우스 유래의 섬유아세포인 3T3 cell을 이용하여 광조사한 것과 광조사하지 않은 세포와의 세포독성을 NRU 시험을 이용하여 그 정도를 비교하여 그 차이(PIF, photoirritation factor)가 5배 이상이 되면 광독성 물질로 분류하는 평가방법이다.