• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2015

The purpose of this experiment was to determine and compare the digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in full-oil (no oil extracted) and de-oiled (oil extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with different condensed distillers solubles (CDS) ratios. Six barrows ($29.6{\pm}2.3kg$) fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. Each period was comprised of a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The five test diets contained 62% DDGS as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an index in each diet. The results showed that CP and AA were very similar in 5 DDGS, but the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of lysine (from 56.16% to 71.15%) and tryptophan (from 54.90% to 68.38%) had the lowest values and largest variation within the essential AA, which suggests reduced availability of AA and different levels of Maillard reactions in the five DDGS. The apparent ileal digestibility and SID of CP and most of AA in full-oil DDGS (sources 1 and 2) were greater (p<0.05) than de-oiled DDGS (sources 3, 4, and 5). Comparing the AA SID in the 5 DDGS, full-oil with low CDS ratio DDGS (source 1) had non-significantly higher values (p>0.05) than full-oil with high CDS ratio DDGS (source 2); however, the SID of most AA of de-oiled with low CDS ratios DDGS (source 3) were non-significantly lower (p>0.05) than de-oiled with high CDS ratio DDGS (source 4); and the de-oiled DDGS with middle CDS ratio (source 5) but with different drying processing had the lowest SID AA values. In conclusion, de-oiled DDGS had lower SID of CP and AA than full-oil DDGS; a higher CDS ratio tended to decrease the SID of AA in full-oil DDGS but not in de-oiled DDGS; and compared with CDS ratio, processing, especially drying, may have more of an effect on AA digestibility of DDGS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the melanogenesis associated transcription factor (MITF) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) genes on plumage coloration in Asian native duck breeds. MITF encodes a protein for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, which regulates the development and function of melanocytes for pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. Among the tyrosinase-related family genes, DCT is a pigment cell-specific gene that plays important roles in the melanin synthesis pathway and the expression of skin, feather, and retina color. Methods: Five Asian duck varieties (black Korean native, white Korean native, commercial Peking, Nageswari, and Bangladeshi Deshi white ducks) were investigated to examine the polymorphisms associated with plumage colors. Among previously identified SNPs, three synonymous SNPs and one indel of MITF and nine SNPs in exon regions of DCT were genotyped. The allele frequencies for SNPs of the black and white plumage color populations were estimated and Fisher's exact test was conducted to assess the association between the allele frequencies of these two populations. Results: Two synonymous SNPs (c.114T>G and c.147T>C) and a 14-bp indel (GCTGCAAAC AGATG) in intron 7 of MITF were significantly associated with the black- and white-colored breeds (p<0.001). One non-synonymous SNP [c.938A>G (p.His313Arg)] in DCT, was highly significantly associated (p<0.001) and a synonymous SNP (c.753A>G) was significantly associated (p<0.05) with black and white color plumage in the studied duck populations. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a basis for further investigations of the associations between polymorphisms and plumage color phenotypes in Asian duck breeds.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-60
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• 2023

Slaughterhouse blood is a by-product of animal slaughter that can be a good source of animal protein. This research purposed to examine the functional qualities of the blood plasma from Hanwoo cattle, black goat, and their hydrolysates. Part of the plasma was hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes (Bacillus protease, papain, thermolysin, elastase, and α-chymotrypsin) to yield bioactive peptides under optimum conditions. The levels of hydrolysates were evaluated by 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antioxidant, metal-chelating, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of intact blood plasma and selected hydrolysates were investigated. Accordingly, two plasma hydrolysates by protease (pH 6.5/55℃/3 h) and thermolysin (pH 7.5/37℃/3-6 h) were selected for analysis of their functional properties. In the oil model system, only goat blood plasma had lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control. The diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cattle and goat plasma than in proteolytic hydrolysates. Ironchelating activities increased after proteolytic degradation except for protease-treated cattle blood. Copper-chelating activity was excellent in all test samples except for the original bovine plasma. As for ACE inhibition, only non-hydrolyzed goat plasma and its hydrolysates by thermolysin showed ACE inhibitory activity (9.86±5.03% and 21.77±3.74%). In conclusion, goat plasma without hydrolyzation and its hydrolysates can be a good source of bioactive compounds with functional characteristics, whereas cattle plasma has a relatively low value. Further studies on the molecular structure of these compounds are needed with more suitable enzyme combinations.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to establish a selection process for high quality sperm in bovine semen using sperm separation by magnetic activation (MACS). For this, semen from 21 Nellore bulls was collected using an artificial vagina. To guarantee the presence of pathologies in the ejaculate, animals previously declassified in four consecutive spermiogram were used. Semen was analyzed in five statuses: (1) fresh semen (fresh); (2) density gradient centrifugation (DGC), percoll column; (3) non-apoptotic fraction after separation by MACS (MAC); (4) apoptotic fraction from the separation (MACPOOR); and (5) MAC followed by DGC (MACDGC). Using a computerized analysis system (CASA), motility was measured. The sperm morphology was evaluated by phase contrast, and the supravital test was completed with eosin/nigrosin staining. For DGC, 20 × 10⁶ cells were used in a gradient of 90% and 45% percoll. MACS used 10 × 10⁶ cells with 20 μL of nanoparticles attached to annexin V, and filtered through the MiniMACS magnetic separation column. Membrane integrity was assessed with SYBR-14/IP and mitochondrial potential with JC-1 by flow cytometry. Processing sperm by MACDGC, was more effective in obtaining samples with high quality sperm, verified by the total of abnormalities in the samples: 35.04 ± 2.29%, 21.50 ± 1.47%, 17.30 ± 1.10%, 30.68 ± 1.94% and 10.50 ± 1.46%, respectively for fresh, DGC, MAC, MACPOOR, and MACDGC. The subpopulation of non-apoptotic sperm had a high number of live cells (82.65%), membrane integrity (56.60%) and mitochondrial potential (83.98%) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that this nanotechnological method, that uses nanoparticles, is efficient in the production of high-quality semen samples for assisted reproduction procedures in cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2010

Brucellosis is a major zoonosis caused by Gram negative facultative intracellular bacterial organisms of the genus Brucella that are pathogenic for a wide variety of animals and human beings. Because of its economic impact on animal health and the risk to the human population,most countries have a brucellosis control program. Brucellosis is also an economically important andprevalent disease in Bangladesh. The accurate and prompt diagnosis is very important in controlling and eradicating of the disease in animals. The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Mymensingh and Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. A total of 120 serum samples were collected from the two districts along with a questionnaire related to the epidemiology of the disease. The sampleswere screened by using slow agglutination test and conformed by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was 5% and it was observed that, a higher prevalence of Brucella was found in female than male, through natural breeding than artificial insemination (AI) and animal above 4 years old are highly susceptible than younger ones. Higher prevalence was found in aborted animals in comparison with non aborted animal. Finally, the study revealed that the female animal has more susceptible to brucellosis and healthy semen should be used for AI.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic potential of 0.3% DA-5018 cream, a non-narcotic analgesic agent, using a guinea pig maximization test. Five male and female guinea pigs in the experimental group were sensitized in two steps. First, ,0.3% DA-5018 cream was injected intradermally, and 7 days later, the material was applied topically. After another 2 weeks test material was applied, the skin response was evaluated by visual observation. Five male and female guinea pigs served as cream base group, negative(ultreated) group or positive (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, DNCB) group, respectively. 0.3% DA-5018 cream provoked slight erythema in 1 out of 5 cases in male and female guinea pigs sensitized with 0.3% DA-5018 cream or cream base. The animals challenged with cream base also showed slight erythema in 1/5 female guinea pig sensitized with 0.3% 3A-5018 cream or 2/5 male guinea pjgs sensitized with cream base, respectively. Histologically, however, no indication of skin sensitization was observed in all of these cases. The positive control group was sensitized with 0.1% DNCB suspended in olive oil and challenged with 0.01% and 0.1% DNCB ointment, all the animal showed remarkable skin reactions and obvious skin sensitization reactions in a dose dependent manner. From the challenge test it was evident that 0.3% DA-5018 cream did not elicit positive skin reaction interpreted as delayed hypersensitivity reactions, compared with cream base or untreated control group. These findings indicate that allergenic side effects by 0.3% DA-5018 cream is not likely in the clinical use.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2019

Metabolic profile test is used to evaluate nutritional imbalance and metabolic disease in dairy cows. The reference intervals of metabolic parameters may change according to nation, region, decades, and maintenance system. Despite the need to be periodically updated for the reference intervals of metabolic parameters, it has rarely been investigated in Korea. Therefore, this aim of study was to provide the reference intervals of metabolic parameters using dairy cows surveyed in Korea during recent years. A metabolic profile test was conducted for 2,976 clinically healthy dairy cows in Korea. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum metabolites. This study provided reference intervals of thirteen metabolic parameters (${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate [${\beta}-HB$], non-esterified fatty acids [NEFA], glucose, total cholesterol [T-COL], total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium). BUN and AST values of the current study were higher than those of previous studies. In the present study, the other metabolic parameters showed low or similar value compared to previous results. Moreover, ${\beta}-HB$, NEFA, T-COL, ALB, BUN, AST, and GGT values were affected by lactation period. This study provided information on the reference intervals of metabolites in healthy dairy cows in Korea. The reference intervals from the present study would be useful in managing and diagnosing disease of dairy cows. However, careful attention should be given in interpreting disease condition for metabolites affected by lactation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability ($h^2$) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The $h^2$ estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The $h^2$ for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations ($r_G$) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (-0.29 to -0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (-0.16 to -0.26). BF had strong $r_G$ with RCP (-0.87 to -0.93). Moderately positive $r_G$ existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the $r_G$ between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The $r_G$ between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the $r_G$ between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.411-411
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• 2009

Low level laser therapy has various therapy effects. This paper performed the basic study for developing the Low Level Laser Therapy Equipment for medical treatment. The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. This equipment was fabricated using a micro-controller and a laser diode, and designed to enable us to control light irradiation time, frequency and so on. In this study, the designed device was used to find out how infrared laser diode affected the collagen formation. For in-vivo test, a round wound 1cm in diameter was cut from the test animal whose epidermal and dermal layers were removed. Test animals were relieved for 24 hours after wounds had been excised and then the infrared laser irradiation group was given irradiation therapy over 9 days one 20 min per day. As a result, More collagenosis occurred in the order of infrared laser irradiation and non-irradiation group. Collagenosis is closely related to wound repair and it was found that infrared laser irradiation groups had more collagenosis and was quicker to recover from wound than non-irradiation group.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate on the survival rates and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by micromanipulator and micropipette. Bisected embryos were cultured for 1∼5 days in 20% FCS＋TCM-199 medium. Survival rate and in vitro developmental rate were defined as development rate on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The survival rates of intact or free zona pellucida of bisected embryos were 30.3 and 25.0%, respectively. And the survival rates of bisected embryos by micromanipulator and micropipette were 33.3 and 26.7%, respectively. The survival rate of bisected embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(65.0%). 2. The survival rates of bisection embryos in cultured for 12, 24, 48, 72 hrs with 20% FCS＋TCM-199 medium were 40.0, 30.0, 23.3 and 13.3%, respectively. 3. The in vitro developmental rates of intact of free zona pellucida of bisected embryos by micromainipulator and micropipettes were 33.3 and 26.7%, respectively. The survival rate of bisection embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(45.0%).