• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to assess the quality and to evaluate the effectiveness of music interventions in reducing agitation in older adults with dementia. Methods: Randomized controlled studies and randomized crossover studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AGELINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Korea Med, Kmbase, RISS, National Assembly Digital Library, KISS, and RICH. Two reviewers independently retrieved articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of studies. Results: In total, 10 studies were selected from 1095 unique citations. All included studies were conducted in long term care settings. Overall, risk of bias for included studies was low to moderate. The weighted average effect size across studies was -0.39 (95%CI [-0.69, -0.10], p=.009, $I^2=63%$). Music therapy was effective to reduce agitation of the older adults with dementia. Conclusion: Music intervention can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for the reduction of agitation in dementia. Future studies need to use rigorous research method and to provide description of research methods in greater detail. In addition, future studies are required to explore the effects of music therapy according to severity of agitation and dementia.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Patients with neurocognitive disorder show behavioral psychological symptoms such as agitation, aggression, depression, and wandering, as well as cognitive decline, which puts a considerable burden on patients and their families. For the treatment of behavioral psychological symptoms, patient-centered, non-pharmacological treatment should be used as a first line approach. This paper describes non-pharmacological interventions to manage and treat behavioral psychological symptoms in patients with neurocognitive disorder. In order to control behavioral psychological symptoms such as agitation, depression, apathy, insomnia, and wandering, it is important to identify and evaluate factors such as environmental changes and drugs, and then solve such problems. Non-pharmacological interventions include reassurance, encourage, distraction, and environmental change. It is necessary to understand behavior from a patient's point of view and to approach the patient's needs and abilities appropriately. Reminiscence therapy, music therapy, aroma therapy, multisensory stimulation therapy, exercise therapy, light therapy, massage therapy, cognitive intervention therapy, and pet therapy are used as non-pharmacological interventions, and these approaches are known to improve symptoms such as depression, apathy, agitation, aggression, anxiety, wandering, and insomnia. However, the quality of the evidence base for non-pharmacological approaches is generally lower than for pharmacological treatments. Therefore, more extensive and accurate effectiveness verification studies are needed in the future.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2001

Sutfactants may be used in remediation of subsoil and aquifer contaminated with hydrophobic compounds. The objectives of this study were to select potentially suitable sUlfactants that solubilize toluene present as a contaminant and to determine the effectiveness of toluene removal from Ottawa sand by the selected surfactants. Material used as the model soil was Ottawa sand and the organic used as model contaminant was toluene. Used experimental methods were separatory funnel experiment and shaker table agitation/centrifugation experiments. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions were drawn; t) In the surfactant selection, six different surfactants were chosen based on surfactant types, toxicity, and water solubility. These six were focused into two on the basis of HLB and surface tension study, separatory funnel experiment, shaker table and centrifugation experiments. The two most suitable surfactants were Sandopan JA36 (an anionic surfactant), and Pluronic L44 (a non-ionic surfactant). 2) In the shaker table agitation and centrifugation experiments, the highest recovery of the toluene was 96% which was obtained with one surfactant wash plus two water rinses using an anionic surfactant (Sandopan JA36).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-127
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• 2021

Objectives: To review and analyze clinical and preclinical evidence of effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanisms of yokukansan (YKS), a herbal medicine, in alleviating aggression. Methods: Classical records on YKS were searched in the Korean Traditional Medicine Knowledge Database (KTMKD). By searching five electronic databases, prospective clinical studies and preclinical studies of YKS for alleviating aggression/agitation published up to March 30, 2021 were included. Results: Only two classical records on YKS were found from the KTMKD. A total of 11 clinical studies and 15 preclinical studies were found from the five electronic databases. Among 11 clinical studies, seven enrolled patients with dementia and four enrolled patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Most clinical studies reported significant improvement in one or more outcomes related to aggression in the YKS group after treatment. Among 15 preclinical studies, all studies except two reported a significant decrease in aggression/agitation-related behavior of YKS or yokukansankachimpihange. Suggested underlying mechanisms of YKS or yokukansankachimpihange for aggression/agitation in these studies included regulation of serotonin receptor, amelioration of abnormal glucocorticoid level related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulation of orexin secretion, amelioration of degeneration in brain cells including glia cells, and suppression of excessive glutamatergic or dopaminergic activity. Conclusions: There were some clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of YKS for alleviating aggression. Given that aggression is the most frequent and destructive symptoms of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, applicability of YKS as a herbal medicine should be further investigated in future high-quality research.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2002

Electroplating methods by molten salts and non-aqueous melts were employed for aluminium coating on STS 316L stainless steel. After coated with Ni or non-coated surface on stainless steel, Al pulse plating was carried out in two different types of electrolytes at room temperature. The Al layer from $AlCl_3$-TMPAC melts could not obtain appreciable thickness for engineering application due to chemical reactions between deposits and moisture of air. However, The Al coating by pulse plating in the Ethylbenzene-Toluene-$AlBr_3$ systems was found to be solid coating layer with a few $\mu\textrm{m}$ scale. The conductivity of Ethylbenzene-Toluene-$AlBr_3$ electrolyte was as functions of time and agitation. By seven days exposure after mixing of the electrolyte, Al-deposited layer shows uniform and near by pore-free with high current density (higher than 30mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$). The roughness and imperfection of coating layer were decreased with a increasing agitation speed. It was found that the optimum condition for the Al pulse plating on the 316L stainless steel was a 400mA peak current, duty cycle, $t_{on}$ $t_{ off}$=3ms/1ms, and a current density of 30mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2014

Severe sepsis is the most common cause of death among critically ill patients in non-coronary intensive care units. In 2002, the guideline titled "Surviving Sepsis Campaign" was published by American and European Critical Care Medicine to decrease the mortality of severe sepsis and septic shock patients, which has been the basis of the treatment for those patients. After the first revised guidelines were published on 2008, the most current version was published in 2013 based on the updated literature of until fall 2012. Other important revised guidelines in critical care field such as 'Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit' were revised in 2013. This article will review the revised guidelines and several additional interesting published papers of until March 2014, including the part of ventilator-induced lung injury and the preventive strategies.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.753-758
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• 2020

In this paper, we intend to develop a control system that can apply the developed vertical stirring heater to the facility house and control the other facilities (circulating fan, ventilation fan, window using a switching motor, ceiling, and dehumidification). Through this, it is intended to increase the cultivation efficiency of crops and improve storage environment of crops held by non-heated storage or storage warehouses to increase the storage period and freshness. In addition, ICT monitoring technology is added to enable users to easily solve problems when there is a problem due to changes in the cultivation and storage environment with Real Time Control (RTC).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 1989

Xanthan gum is a biopolymer produced by Xanthomonas campestris. In xanthan gum fermentation, the fermentation broth changes to highly viscous non-Newtonian fluid as xanthan gum concentration increases. Maximum xanthan gum concentration is limited by high viscosity of the broth since mass transfers of nutrient and oxygen are inhibited. Int this study the mass transfer effects were investigated in batch and fed-batch fermentations at various agitation speeds and by separate oxygen transfer experiments. Xanthan gum production rate was observed to be largely dependent on oxygen transfer coefficient; while cell growth rate was not affected highly by this factor.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.29-37
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• 2014

Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics takes charge of an important role in the oil industries. Especially in the oil well drilling process, the drilling fluid such as mud keeps the drill bit cool and clean during drilling, with suspending drill cuttings and lubricating a drill bit. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of fluid mud rheological properties to predict different characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid in the mud mixing tank on offshore drilling platforms. In this paper, ANSYS fluent package was used for the simulation to solve the hydrodynamic force and to evaluate mud mixing time. Prediction of the power consumption and the pumping effectiveness has been presented with different operating fluid models as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. The comparison between Newtonain mud model and non-Newtonian mud model is confirmed by the CFD simulation method of drilling mud mixing tank. The results present useful information for the design of the drilling mud mixing tanks and provide some guidance on the use of CFD tool for such non-Newtonian fluid flow.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-177
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• 2010

In this study, non-catalytic transesterification from rapeseed oil using supercritical methanol was carried out by varying the operation parameters such as temperature ($320{\sim}365{^{\circ}C}$), time (0~20 min), pressure (10~35 MPa), molar ratio of oil to methanol (1 : 15~60) and agitation speed (0~500 rpm). In order to evaluate the effects of reaction parameters on the content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), we carried out the study using a batch reactor. The content of FAMEs increased when the temperature increased. However, the content of FAMEs decreased with temperature above $335^{\circ}C$ and time above 5 min. The content of FAMEs increased with increasing the molar ratio of methanol to oil but the content of FAMEs was slightly affected by molar ratio of oil to methanol above 1 : 45 and pressure above 20 MPa. It was found that the agitation speed above 100 rpm slightly affected the content of FAMEs. The highest content of FAMEs in biodiesel (95%) was obtained under the reaction conditions: temperature of 335 ${^{\circ}C}$, time of 10 min, pressure of 20 MPa, molar ratio of 1 : 45 (oil to methanol) and agitation speed of 250 rpm.