• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.110-113
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• 2024

Numerous studies have indicated that organic fertilizers (OFer) might contain heavy metals (HMs) that present health risks to organic farmers (OFar). This study compared the concentrations of six HMs (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr) in the blood of two distinct groups of farmers: 30 OFar from a designated organic area in eastern Taiwan, and 74 conventional farmers (CFar) from neighboring non-organic designated regions. The findings revealed that the OFar exhibited higher levels of Zn (1202.70 ± 188.74 ㎍/L), Cr (0.20 ± 0.09 ㎍/L), and Ni (2.14 ± 1.48 ㎍/L) in their blood compared to the CFar (988.40 ± 163.16 ㎍/L, 0.18 ± 0.15 ㎍/L, and 0.77 ± 1.23 ㎍/L), respectively. The disparities in Zn, Cr, and Ni levels were measured at 214.3 ㎍/L, 0.02 ㎍/L, and 1.37 ㎍/L, respectively. Furthermore, among the OFar, those who utilized green manures (GM) displayed significantly elevated blood levels of Zn (1279.93 ± 156.30 ㎍/L), Cr (0.24 ± 0.11 ㎍/L), and Ni (1.94 ± 1.38 ㎍/L) compared to individuals who exclusively employed chemical fertilizers (CFer) (975.42 ± 165.35 ㎍/L, 0.19 ± 0.16 ㎍/L, and 0.74 ± 1.20 ㎍/L), respectively. The differences in Zn, Cr, and Ni levels were measured at 304.51 ㎍/L, 0.05 ㎍/L, and 1.20 ㎍/L, respectively. As a result, OFar should be careful in choosing OFer and avoid those that may have heavy metal contamination.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.588-595
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• 2010

Background: Base on types of tumor, the types of expressed tumor is diverse and the difference in its expression rate is even more various. Due to such reasons an animal model is absolutely needed for a clinical research of lung cancer. The author attempted oncogenesis by cultivating a cell line of non-small cell carcinoma and then injecting it inside thoracic cavities of nude mice. The author conducted quantitative analyses of HER2/neu tumor gene - an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related to lung cancer, and TGF-${\beta}_1$, which acts as a resistance to cell growth inhibition and malignant degeneration. In order to investigate achievability of the oncogenesis, histological changes and the expression of cancer gene in case of orthotopic lung cancer is necessary. Material and Method: Among 20 immunity-free male BALB/c, five nude mice were selected as the control group and rest as the experimental group. Their weights ranged from 20 to 25 gm (Orient, Japan). After injection of lung cancer line (SW900 G IV) into the pleural cavity of nude mice, They were raised at aseptic room for 8 weeks. HER2/neu was quantitatively analyzed by separating serum from gathered blood via chemiluminiscent immunoassay (CLIA), and immunosandwitch method was applied to quantitatively analyze TGF-${\beta}_1$. SPSS statistical program (SPSS Version 10.0, USA) was implemented for statistical analysis. Student T test was done, and cases in which p-value is less than 0.05 were considered significant. Result: Even after lung cancer was formed in the normal control group or after intentionally injected lung cancer cell line, no amplification of HER2/neu gene showed reaction. However, the exact quantity of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was $28,490{\pm}8,549pg/mL$, and the quantity in the group injected with lung cancer cell was $42,362{\pm}14,449pg/mL$, meaning 1.48 times highly Significant (p<0.483). It proved that HER2/neu gene TGF-${\beta}_1$ had no meaningful interconnection. Conclusion: TGF-${\beta}_1$ gene expressed approximately 1.48 times amplification in comparison to the control group. The amplification of TGF-${\beta}_1$ meant somatic recuperation inhibition mechanism due to carcinogenesis in nude mice was definitely working. It may be implemented as a quantitative analysis that allows early detection of lung cancer in human body.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1348-1358
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• 2017

To enhance the physiological activity of the Rhynchosia volubilis (RV), R. volubilis (RVHE-A) and R. volubilis-added herbal powder (RVHE-B) were fermented with a solid state culture of Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE). The total isoflavone contents of the non-fermented RV-A ($489.9{\mu}g/g$) and RV-B ($571.1{\mu}g/g$) were remarkably increased in fermented RVHE-A ($1,836.4{\mu}g/g$) and RVHE-B ($1,276.7{\mu}g/g$). In particular, aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were significantly higher in the RVHE-A than any other sample. When hot-water (HW) and EtOH extracts (E) were fractionated from the RV and RVHE, both extracts from the RVHE-A were higher than those from the RV-A in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, the RVHE-B-HW showed a lower polyphenol and flavonoid content level than did RV-B-HW. RVHE-A-HW and -E also had more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity than any extract from the non-fermented RV and other ferments (RVHE-B). In the meanwhile, RVHE-A-HW potently stimulated the production of macrophage activation-related cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 ($841.7{\pm}71.3pg/mL$, $3.9{\pm}0.1ng/mL$, $179.3{\pm}30.2pg/mL$) from peritoneal macrophage more than RV-A-HW ($92.5{\pm}1.5pg/mL$, $0.1{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $37.4{\pm}5.4pg/mL$) as well as RVHE-B-HW ($557.0{\pm}21.3pg/mL$, $1.8{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $90.0{\pm}10.0pg/mL$). However, all the EtOH extracts did not show significant activity. In addition, the RVHE-A-HW showed a significantly higher intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch and GM-CSF production than did any other extract from RV and RVHE-B. In conclusion, these results suggest that the fermented R. volubilis with H. erinaceum mycelia possesses a possible use as an industrial application as functional food or material.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the problems of using asbestos for dental technicians. Samples for analysing were sampled by personal sampler in 40 sampling points of 10 dental laboratories in Daegu city from December 2010 to January 2011 and counted with phase contrast microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. Asbestos concentration(geometric mean) of 40 sampling points in 10 dental laboratories was 0.0061 f/cc and it was under recommended industrial and indoor air standard, but the concentration of asbestos in only two dental laboratories was over indoor recommended standard. 2. The concentration of asbestos in processing room and burnout room was 0.0099 f/cc and 0.0037 f/cc, respectively. 3. The mean concentration(GM) of asbestos by kinds of casting ring liners was 0.0159 f/cc in dental laboratories using industrial asbestos, 0.0104 f/cc in them using asbestos containing ring liners, and 0.0026 f/cc in them using non-asbestos ring liners. Casting ring liners using in dental laboratories should be substituted with non-asbestos liners, because most of dental laboratories were using asbestos containing ring liners and a few of them showed higher concentration than recommended standard.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.221-237
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• 1999

To investigate the specificity of rapid slide agglutination test for pullorum-gallinarum diseases and to obtain a basic data for avian salmonellosis control, salmonella isolation was peformed for the layer chickens positively reacted in pullonlm-typhoid agglutination test. The biochemical, serological and antimicrobial properties of the isolates were examined. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows; 1. Of 2,384 chickens tested by the agglutination test, 606 chickens (25.4%) were positive reactors. 154 of 606 reactors and 49 of the non-reacting chickens were investigated for salmonella isolation, resulting in isolation of 68 strains of salmonellae from 27 chickens. 2. By organs, the isolation frequency from liver, cecum, spleen, ovary and gall bladder showed 8.9% (18 strains), 8.9% (18 strains), 7.4% (15 strains), 4.4% (9 strains) and 3.9% (8 strains), respectively. 3. By culture medium the combination of selenite broth and MacConkey agar revealed the highest isolation rate and the enrichment culture by delayed secondary enrichment culture method was found the most effective for salmonella isolation. 4. The serotypes of 68 salmonella isolates were identified as 3 strains of S pullorum, 24 strains of S gallinarum, 15 strains of S typhimurium, 8 strains of S enteritidis, 7 strains of S paratyphi A, 5 strains of S typhimurium and 6 strains of the other salmonellae. 5. The serotypes of 8 salmonella strains isolated from 49 chickens non-reacting in pullorum-typhoid agglutination test were identified as 3 strains of S typhimurium and 5 strains of S infantis. 6. When 24 chickens of which 68 strains of salmonellae isolated were examined by microplate agglutination test, the average antibody titer for pullorum antigen was $2^{5.25}$. The chickens at antibody titer between $2^3$ and $2^5$ showed the higher frequency of isolation as compared with the chickens at the other titers. 7. When salmonella isolates were tested the antimicrobial drug sensitivity by disk diffusion method, S paratyphi A were highly sensitive by 100% to ATM and GM, S typhimurium, by 88% to AM, CIP, IMP and TN, S infantis, by 100% to AM, CRO, ENR and PIP, S enteritidis,by 100% to IMP and PIP, S pullorum, by 100% to ATM, CRO, ENR and PIP and S gallinarum, by 92% to CRO, CIP and PIP.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 1994

PAN-based carbon fiber roving and fabric were heat treated at the temperature of $2170^{\circ}C$. Using non-heat treated and heat treated fabric, greenbodies of CFRP and GFRP were manufactured in the Autoclave. After the analysis of heat treated and non-heat treated carbon fiber roving and two types of greenbodies, the variations of physical and mechanical properties of carbon fibers and greenbodies with heat treatment were studied. Observing the cross-section of carbon fiber with SEM, we knew the diameter of carbon fiber was decreased from 6.8gm to 6.4p1. The results of TGA showed that the oxidation resistence was enhanced after heat treatment. The tensile strength of carbon fiber was decreased from (3.11$\pm 0.32)\times 10^3$ MPa to (1.87$\pm 0.26)\times 10^3$MPa, but tensile modulus was increased from (1.94$\pm 0.06)\times 10^5$ MPa to (2.02$\pm 0.11)\times 10^5$MPa after heat treatment. The interlaminar shear strengths of CFRP and GFRP were 148.8$\pm$1.6Mpa and 82.2$\pm$1.1Mpa, respectively. Torch test showed that CFRP was abraded smoothly but GFRP was delaminated.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1973

In view of the recent knowledge on the radioprotective action of reduced glutathione (GSH), the present study was designed the elucidate the effect of some concentrations of GSH on the levels of intrinsic non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and non-protein disulfide (NP-SS) of the mouse liver incubated at 4, 25 and 37C in vitro, respectively. The liver slice of the mouse was incubated at 4, 25 and 37C in the medium composed of 100 ml of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (KRP) with the addition of 10, 20 and 30 mg of GSH, respectively. Measurement of NP-SH and NP-SS was made at 5, 30 and 60 min during the course of the incubation, and the results were compared with the controls which were incubated only in KRP medium, and the normal. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows: 1. When the mouse liver slice was incubated at 4C, the values of both NP-SH and NP-SS of the control and the group where 10 mg of GSH was added to the incubation medium were similar to those of the normal group, and the increase of NP-SH and NP-SS with the increased concentrations of GSH was not prominent. 2. When the liver slice was incubated in the concentrations of GSH 20 mg/100 ml KRP and GSH 30 mg/100 ml KRP at 25 C, the rate of increase of both NP-SH and NP-SS was proportional to the increase of GSH concentration. In the group where 10 mg of GSH was added to the incubation medium, the value of NP-SH and NP-SS reached the highest value at 30 min, but a tendency of decrease was observed at 60 min. 3. The rate of increase of NP-SH and NP-SS of the liver was most marked of all the group. studied when the incubation temperatuse was elevated to 37C, and the increase was proportional to the concentration of GSH and the incubation time.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 1999

Object : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of olanzapine on the schedule-induced polydipsia(SIP) which is one of animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. We administered olanzapine as a serotonin and dopamine blocking agent, fluoxetine as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and haloperidol for the dopamine antagonist to rats which showed schedule-induced polydipsic behavior. Methods : Spraque-Dawley rats weighing 200-250gm were individually housed and maintained and allowed free access to water. The rats were placed on a restricted diet. To induce polydipsia, rats were placed in the cage where a pellet dispenser automatically dispensed 90mg pellets on a fixed-time 60 seconds(FT-60s) feeding schedule over 150 minute test session per day. Water was available at all times in the cage. After 4 weeks of daily exposure to the FT 60s feeding schedule, experimental rats met a predetermined criterion for polydipsic behavior(greater than 3 times of water per session on average). 5 groups of rats were administered olanzapine(3mg/kg, i.p), olanzapine(10mg/kg, i.p), fluoxetine(5mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol(0.1mg/kg, i.p.), and vehicle(1cc/kg, i.p.) for 3 weeks. The rats were tested once a week to access schedule induced polydipsic behavior. Water bottles were weighed before and after the 150-minute test session. The chronic effects of administration of experimental drugs on schedule induced polydipsic behavior were analyzed with ANOVA and Scheffe test as a posthoc comparison. In order to measure water consumption in non-polydipsic food-deprived rats, a separate group of rats(N=8) were individually housed and given a single bolus(14.5gm) of food per day which maintained them at their average body weight. Results and Conclusion : The results were as follows ; 1) After 4 weeks of scheduled feeding procedure, the experimental group showed significant differences than the bolus control in the amount of water consumption as compared with their average water intakes for 4 weeks. At the same periods, there were no differences between the experimental group and the bolus control in the body weight. 2) The fluoxetine group showed significant decrease in the amount of water intake over the 3 weeks of drug treatment as compared with their average amount of polydipsic water intakes. The olanzapine 3mg group showed significant decrease in the amount of water intake at 3rd weeks of drug treatment as compared with their average amount of polydipsic water intakes. The olanzapine 10mg group showed significant decrease in the amount of water intake at 2nd and 3rd weeks of drug treatment as compared with their average amount of polydipsic water intakes. However, the haloperidol group and the vehicle control group showed no changes of amounts of water intake for 3 weeks of treatment as compared with their average amount of polydipsic water intakes. 3) The fluoxetine group showed significantly lower amounts of water intake than the haloperidol group at 2nd weeks of drug treatment. And also the fluoxetine group showed significantly lower amounts of water intake than the haloperidol group and the vehicle control at 3rd weeks of drug treatment. The olanzapine 3mg group and the olanzapine 10mg group showed significantly lower amounts of water intake than the haloperidol group and the vehicle control at 3rd weeks of drug treatment. Above findings suggest that the fixed time feeding procedure for schedule-induced polydipsia as an animal model of obsessive compulsive disorder was effective to the evaluation of pharmacological challenge study. The authors assume that the serotonin hypothesis and the serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis are preferred to the dopamine hypothesis in the biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

Purpose: The association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, deletions and copy number with progressive changes in patients with some glomerular disease and end-stage renal disease have been reported. In this study, we performed mtDNA mutation analysis in children with IgA nephropathy to investigate its role in progressive clinical course. Methods: Seven children with IgA nephropathy were involved in this study. MtDNA isolated from platelet was amplified by PCR and sequenced entirely. Results: The mean age at renal biopsy was $11.5{\pm}2.2$ year and the mean age at latest evaluation was $17.9{\pm}3.2$ year. The mean follow-up period were $7.8{\pm}3.1$ years. Patients was divided into 2 groups according to the amount of proteinuria at presenting manifestation. Group 2 patients were nephrotic syndrome. Renal function reveals within normal range in all patients. In group 2 patients, the mean serum albumin level was significantly lower than those of group 1 ($3.7{\pm}0.6g/dL$ vs. $4.7{\pm}0.2g/dL$, P=0.0241) and the mean total cholesterol level was significantly higher than those of group 1 ($222.7{\pm}35.7mg/dL$ vs. $148.3{\pm}29.1mg/dL$, P=0.0283). In Group 2 patients, total amount of protein of 24 hour collected urine also significantly higher than those of group 1 ($1,466.0{\pm}742.5mg$ vs. $122.5{\pm}48.1mg$, P=0.0135). Pr/Cr ratio in random urine sample was also higher in group 2 than those of group 1 but the statistical significance was not noted ($1.8{\pm}1.6$ vs. $0.2{\pm}0.2$, P=0.0961). Deletion of mtDNA nt 8272-8281 were observed in two patients, one patient in each groups, respectively. This is noncoding lesion. No patients demonstrated the mtDNA mutations. Conclusions: We have identified a deletion of mtDNA nt 8272-8281 in two children with IgA nephropathy. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of mitochondrial function in the progressive change of IgA nephropathy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2010

The bacteriological and physiochemical analysis of sea water and sediments in Tongyeong harbor was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions. The samples were collected at 8 stations established once a month from June, 2008 to May, 2009. During the study period, the range of temperature was from 6.7 to $25.2^{\circ}C$, transparency ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 m, chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.90 to 2.92 mg/L, dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.2 to 10.5 mg/L, dissolved nitrogen ranged from 0.052 to 0.098 mg/L, phosphate ranged from 0.044 to 0.065 mg/L, respectively. Seafood, if eaten raw, carries the risk of food poisoning. Seafood poisoning is often cause by pathogenic microorganism originating from fecal contamination, such as Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and norovirus. Fecal coliforms are an important indicator of fecal contamination. Therefore, data on fecal coliform are very important for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. So, we investigated the sanitary indicate bacteria. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water in Tongyeong harbor were ranged from < 1.8~22,000/100 mL (GM 164.9 MPN/100 mL) and < 1.8~7,900 MPN/100 mL (GM 33.7 MPN/100 mL), respectively. Total coliform were detected 97.0% in 96 of samples and 68.9% of total coliforms were fecal coliforms. These results similar to another seawater detection ratio of total coloforms and fecal coliforms. The Vibrios was isolated and identified with VITEK system. Four hundred eighty strains that were obtained from sea water samples in Tongyeong harbor Detection ratio Vibrio alginolyticus, 34.2%, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 13.8%, Vibrio vulnificus 10.0%, and V. mimicus 12.5% respectively. Vibrio cholerae O1, was not detected. During the study period, the ranges of water content, ignition loss, COD, and acid volatile sulfates in sediments in Tongyeoung harbor were 41.0~57.4%, 7.8~10.5%, 6.51~9.30 mg/g, 0.04~0.09 mg/g, respectively. Heavy metals in sediment of Tongyeoung harbor were Cd, $0.10{\pm}0.05$; Cu, $4.79{\pm}8.20$; As, $1.95{\pm}0.17$; Hg, $0.10{\pm}0.07$; $Cr^{6+}$, $0.34{\pm}0.12$; Zn, $125.33{\pm}16.40$; Ni, $16.43{\pm}1.93$ mg/kg.