• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.793-808
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• 2014

The goal of this study is to evaluate and design steel plates with optimal material distributions achieved through a specific material topology optimization by using a CCARAT (Computer Aided Research Analysis Tool) as an optimizer, topologically optimally updating node densities as design variables. In typical material topology optimization, optimal topology and layouts are described by distributing element densities (from almost 0 to 1), which are arithmetic means of node densities. The average element densities are employed as material properties of each element in finite element analysis. CCARAT may deal with material topology optimization to address the mean compliance problem of structural mechanical problems. This consists of three computational steps: finite element analysis, sensitivity analysis, and optimality criteria optimizer updating node densities. The present node density based design via CCARAT using node densities as design variables removes jagged optimal layouts and checkerboard patterns, which are disadvantages of classical material topology optimization using element densities as design variables. Numerical applications that topologically optimize reinforcement material distribution of steel plates of a cantilever type are studied to verify the numerical superiority of the present node density based design via CCARAT.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2015

The efficient design of a transport protocol contributes to energy conservation as well as performance improvement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a node-density-aware transport protocol (NDTP) for intra-cluster transmissions in WSNs for monitoring physical attributes is proposed, which takes node density into account to mitigate congestion in intra-cluster transmissions. In the proposed NDTP, the maximum active time and queue length of cluster heads are restricted to reduce energy consumption. This is mainly because cluster heads do more works and consume more energy than normal sensor nodes. According to the performance evaluation results, the proposed NDTP outperforms the conventional protocol remarkably in terms of network lifetime, congestion frequency, and packet error rate.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.412-417
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• 2008

In a traditional topology optimization method, material properties are usually distributed by finite element density and visualized by a gray level image. The distribution method based on element density is adequate for a great mass of 2-D topology optimization problems. However, when it is used for 3-D topology optimization, it is always difficult to obtain a smooth model representation, and easily appears a virtualconnect phenomenon especially in a low-density domain. The 3-D structural topology optimization method has been developed using the node density instead of the element density that is based on SIMP (solid isotropic microstructure with penalization) algorithm. A computer code based on Matlab was written to validate the proposed method. When it was compared to the element density as design variable, this method could get a more uniform density distribution. To show the usefulness of this method, several typical examples of structure topology optimization are presented.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2009

Topology optimization has been widely used for the optimal structure design for weight reduction and high performance. Since the result of three-dimensional topology optimization is represented by the discrete material distribution in finite elements, it is hard to interpret from a design point of view. In this paper, the method for interpreting three-dimensional topology optimization resuIt into a series of cross-sectional curve representation is proposed and interfaced with the existing CAD system for the practical use. The concept of node density and virtual grid is introduced to transform element density values into grid density and material boundaries in each cross section are identified based on the element volume rate to satisfy the amount of material specified in the original design intent. Design exampIes show that three-dimensional topology result can be converted into a form of curve CAD model and the seamless interface with CAD software can be achieved.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.703-712
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 도심 교차로에서 차량들의 빈번한 방향전환으로 인해 발생하는 네트워크 단절과 패킷 전송 지연 문제를 해결할 수 있는 UIGRP을 제안한다. UIGRP는 첫째, 차량의 이동방향과 목적지의 위치를 이용해 Direction을 산출하고, 둘째, RSU가 도심 교차로의 밀집도를 측정하도록 설계한다. 그리고 셋째, 목적지 노드가 위치한 방향으로 이동하는 차량이면서 밀집도가 가장 높은 곳에 위치하는 노드를 중간 노드로 선정하여 데이터 전송 경로를 선정하는 TGF알고리즘을 설계한다. TGF 알고리즘은 이동방향과 밀집도를 이용해 기존의 Greedy Forwarding 알고리즘이 갖는 local maximum 문제들의 발생을 최소화시키거나 제거한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, UIGRP는 기존의 GPSR과 GPUR보다 local maximum 문제 발생 횟수를 평균 3회, 1회 감소하고, 패킷전송시간도 평균 6.12(ms), 2.04(ms) 단축시켰으며, 패킷전송성공률은 15%, 3% 증가하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 무선 가속도 센서노드를 이용한 강 거더 볼트연결 부재의 진동기반 손상 모니터링 체계를 제안하였다. 이 같은 연구목표를 위해, 다음과 같은 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, 무선 가속도 센서노드의 하드웨어 구성 및 내장된 작동 소프트웨어를 제시하였다. 다음으로, 강 거더 볼트연결 부재의 진동기반 손상 모니터링 체계를 제시하였다. 손상 모니터링 체계는 가속도 응답특성 분석을 통해 전역적 손상발생 경보 및 손상위치 추정을 수행한다. 전역적 손상발생 경보는 파워스펙트럼밀도의 상관계수를 적용하였다. 손상위치 추정은 고유 진동수기반 손상검색 기법과 모드형상기반 손상검색 기법을 적용하였다. 마지막으로, 모형 강 거더의 볼트연결 부재 손상을 식별하기 위한 진동기반 손상 모니터링 체계의 적용성을 검증하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.2548-2566
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• 2012

This paper derives two main end-to-end performance metrics, namely the spatial capacity density and the average end-to-end delay of the multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks with multi-antenna communications. Based on the closed-form expressions of these performance metrics, three hopping strategies, i.e., the closest neighbor, the furthest neighbor and the randomly selected neighbor hopping strategies have been investigated. This formulation provides insights into the relations among node density, diversity gains, number of hops and some other network design parameters which jointly determine network performances, and a method of choosing the best hopping strategy which can be formulated from a network design perspective.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.504-513
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• 2013

Communication in delay tolerant networks (DTNs) relies on message transport by mobile nodes, and a correct understanding of the node mobility characteristics is therefore crucial to the design of an efficient DTN routing protocol. However, previous work has mainly focused on uncovering all behaviors of node movement, which is not conducive to accurately detecting the specific movement characteristics of a different node. In this paper, we seek to address this problem based on a consideration of social relationships. We first consider social ties from both static and dynamic perspectives. For a static perspective, in addition to certain accidental events, social relations are considered for a long time granularity and tend to be stable over time. For a dynamic perspective, social relations are analyzed in a relatively short time granularity and are likely to change over time. Based on these perspectives, we adopted different efficient approaches to dividing node pairs into two classes, i.e., familiar and unfamiliar pairs. A threshold approach is used for static social ties whereas a density-based aggregation method is used for dynamic social relationships. Extensive experimental results show that both familiar and unfamiliar node pairs have the same inter-contact time distribution, which closely follows a power-law decay up to a certain point, beyond which it begins to exponentially decay. The results also demonstrate that the inter-contact time distribution of familiar pairs decays faster than that of unfamiliar pairs, whether from a static or dynamic perspective. In addition, we also analyze the reason for the difference between the inter-contact time distributions of both unfamiliar and familiar pairs.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.523-528
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• 2002

Topology optimization is widely accepted as a conceptual design tool for the product design. Since the resulted layout of the topology optimization is a kind of digital images represented by the density distribution, the seamless process is required to transform digital images to the CAD model for the practical use. In this paper, the general process to construct a CAD model is developed to apply for topology images based on elements. The node density and the morphology technique is adopted to extract boundary contour of the shape and remove the noise of images through erosion and dilation operation. The proposed method automatically generates point data sets of the geometric model. The process is integrated with Pro/Engineer, so that the engineer in practice can directly handle with curves or surface form digital images.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2007

Presented in the paper is an algorithm to generate a section curve by slicing a point cloud which may include tens of thousands of points. Although there are couple of previous results, they are very sensitive on the density variations and local noising points. In the paper, three technological requirements are identified; 1) dominant point sampling, 2) avoiding local vibration, and 3) robustness on the density changes. To satisfy these requirements, we propose a new slicing algorithm which is based on a node-circle diagram. The algorithm has been implemented and tested with various examples.