• Plant Resources
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 1998

To establish direct multipropagation through organogenesis from nodal explants of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, the nodes were cultured on LS medium containing various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine(BA). High plant regeneration and adventitious bud formation were obtained from supplemented with 4.0mg/l of BA. Plant height was promoted by adding 0.3% activated charcoal. Plantlet regeneration capacity from nodes was depended on nodal parts on the stem, upper position was the best comparing with intermediate and lower.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Shoot proliferation was obtained from shoot tips and nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. on MS medium supplemented with either BAP or KIN (0.1-2.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1 mg/L). The concentrations of cytokinins combined with NAA produced multiple shoots from shoot tips and nodal explants. The highest mean percentage (84.3$\pm$8.0) of shoot multiplication's were observed on nodal explants in the presence of BAP (1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L) followed by shoot tips (65.0$\pm$5.0). The regenerated shootlets were rooted on MS basal medium IAA, IBA, NAA (0.1-1.5 mg/L). The maximum number of roots (51.0$\pm$2.6) was achieved on the medium containing IBA (1.0 mg/L) followed by other auxins (NAA, IAA). The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to a mixture of vermiculate and soil. About 95% of the plantlets survived when transferred to the field.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2006

A rapid micropropagation protocol was established for Exacum travancoricum Bedd. The effect of two cytokinins viz. BA and kinetin were studied to evaluate the propagation of plants through nodal explants. MS medium supplemented with 13.32 ${\mu}M$ BA induced early bud break and subsequent production of multiple shoots. Rooting of shoots occurred when cultured on 1/2 strength MS medium supplemented with 14.7 ${\mu}M$ IBA. Rooted plants were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. The propagated plants were transferred successfully to field with 65% success. As the plant was amenable to propagation in vitro, this can be employed as a tool for conservation of this critically endangered and endemic ornamental herb.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

The effect of sodium sulphate on shoot induction and multiple shoot formation from nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. was tested on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium fortified with different auxins, cytokinins and sucrose. Highest percentage $(97.78\%)$ of explants for shoot induction and multiple shoot (20.68/explant) production were observed in the combination treatment of $N^6-Benzyl$ adenine (BA) $(17.80\;{\mu}M/L)$, ${\alpha}-Naphthalene$ acetic acid (NAA) $(2.15\;{\mu}M/L)$ and $5\%$ sucrose supplemented with 100 mg/L sodium sulphate. In vitro raised shoots were rooted on the half-strength MS medium fortified with different concentrations of NAA, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone and in combinations. Among the treatments, $4.90\;{\mu}M/L$ of IBA was found most effective $(95.56\%)$ in inducing roots. The rooted plantlets were shifted to glasshouse for acclimatization and later transferred to the field with cent percent survival. Furthermore, in vitro flowering was observed in the shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA $(8.90\;{mu}M/L)$ and NAA $(1.61\;{\mu}M/L)$.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.690-696
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• 2015

We micropropagated pear (Pyrus species) using shoot tips and nodal explants from three pear genotypes. The ability to establish shoot tip cultures, proliferate shoots, induce rooting, and acclimatize the resulting plantlets are all elements of in vitro micropropagation. Shoots were induced from shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with five different plant growth regulator combinations. The highest shoot formation rates were achieved for the three genotypes using MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA₃). The maximum shoot number and shoot length for the three cultivars were recorded with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in multiplication medium using nodal explants produced from microshoots. Nodal explants with one or two axillary buds cultured for three weeks initiated roots on medium supplemented with various concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or/and IBA in half-strength MS medium for adventitious rooting. The highest rooting response was with the combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L IBA. A combination of NAA and IBA resulted in a significant increase in the rooting ratio over NAA or IBA alone. In this medium, the root formation rate according to ranged from 68.9% for the BaeYun No. 3 genotype to 51.8% for the Hwanggeum genotype. We also investigated the influence of the concentration the polyamine phloroglucinol in rooting medium. For all three genotypes, the highest rooting ratio, longest root length, and greatest root number were observed in the treatments with 75-150 mg/L phloroglucinol. Most rooted plants were acclimatized successfully.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2003

The hormonal requirement suiting micropropagation of Morus alba during any season throughout the year was studied. Sprouting frequency from axillary buds of M. alba was greatly influenced by the time of explant collection, the highest value was achieved when nodal explants were collected at the end of bud dormancy period (late in March) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of BAP, kinetin or IBA (85-68%). In addition, they showed higher axillary bud sprouting on growth-regulators-free medium (49%) than others collected in autumn or winter and cultured on medium supplemented with various growth regulators (47-48%). Regardless of that period, young explants with greenish buds collected in summer exhibiting high sprouting frequency (66%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.5 mg/L GA3. Shoot multiplication via adventitious bud formation was achieved when the nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IBA. Further multiplication via nodal explants of in vitro grown shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mglL BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA3. While half strength MS medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of IBA, IAA or 2,4-D stimulated adventitious root formation, IBA was the best. After transfer the plantlets to the soil, acclimatization for three weeks was essential prerequisite for survival in high frequency (92%). Peroxidase activity is related to break of bud dormancy where maximum enzyme activity was detected when the lateral buds were induced to commence growth under field condition (early in spring) or in vitro.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2009

Multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration using apical bud and nodal explants of 100 year old tree of Anthocephalus cadamba, an important sacred and medicinal tree in India was achieved for the first time. Aseptic explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with different concentrations of BAP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/l), when maintained for 60 days, healthy shoots were induced in presence of BAP (1 mg/l). Lower concentrations of BAP (0.1 - 0.5 mg/l) induced only one shoot per explant. Increase in number of shoots per explant was observed in presence of higher concentrations of BAP (2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/l). However, elongation of shoots was completely inhibited. Bud break and shoot regeneration was largely associated with seasonal factors. Apical buds cultured during June to August exhibited early bud break within two weeks of initial culture. In rest of the months, bud break and shoot regeneration was very slow irrespective of the various concentrations of BAP used in the medium. Explants sourced from three different maturity levels of shoots indicated that actively growing shoots from the mother plant with 1 - 2 nodal segments was more suitable for culture initiation than the explants collected from mature shoots at dormant stage. Regenerated shoots with 2 - 3 pairs of leaves when transferred to half strength MS medium fortified with IBA (1 mg/l), 60% of the shoots induced healthy roots, indicating the possibility of large scale micropropagation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2006

Pongamia pinnata Pierre is a tree legume, having potential in production of raw material for biodiesel. A protocol for in wk propagation of this plant was standardized using seedling explants. Growth regulators (GR) including gibberellic acid $(GA_3),\;N^6-benzylaminopurine(BA)$, thidiazuron (TDZ), and Adenine sulphate (Ads) were tested for optimum germination of seeds. Removal of seed coat prior to germination, controlled fungal growth partially but enhanced bacterial growth. Antibiotic cefotaxime was ineffective in controlling bacterial contamination. Seedling derived nodal explants and cotyledon nodes with attached cotyledons were excised and cultured for induction of shoots. Optimum sprouting and multiplication of shoot buds were obtained in MS medium supplemented with $8.88{\mu}M$ BA. These buds differentiated and rooted on medium devoid of GR. Optimum growth of Pongamia seedling was obtained in cotton plugged culture vessels. Reculturing of the cotyledon node explants produced more shoots from the same site. This process of removing shoots and reculturing of cotyledon node was followed for eight passages yielding 4 to 8 shoots in each cycle. The shoots (75%) rooted on half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 0.22% charcoal. All plants survived on transfer to soil. This is the first report on in vitro regeneration of Pongamia pinnata. This report demonstrates the possibility of coupling more than one parameter in single experiment to hasten the process of standardization. The process of cycling the nodal explant repeatedly for production of large number of shoots from single meristem may find application in genetic transformation experiments wherein meristems are used for transformation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Haloxylon recurvum (Locally known as Khar) is drought and salt tolerant plant of Thar Desert. This plant is a major biomass producer and has economic and ecological importance for the region. There is need for study on biology, propagation and genetic improvement for utilization of this plant for reclamation of saline soils. We report here on in vitro propagation of Haloxylon recurvum (Moq.) using nodal explant. Secretion of phenolic compound from explants was a major constraint for establishment of culture. This was checked by thorough washing and quick transfer of explant on fresh culture medium. Juvenile nodal explant with leaves was found suitable for culture establishment. Benzy-ladenine($4.0\;{\mu}M$) incorporated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with additives (50 mg/L ascorbic acid and 25 mg/L each of adenine sulphate, arginine and citric acid) induced multiple shoots from nodal explant. Addition of $1.0\;{\mu}M$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with $4.0\;{\mu}M$ BAP improved the growth of axillary shoots. Further shoot amplification was achieved by repeated subculture of mother explants on fresh medium. Forty percent of the micropropagated shoots rooted on half-strength MS medium with $4.0\;{\mu}M$ indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 100 mg/L activated charcoal, at $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and $60\%$ RH. Sixty percent of these plantlets were hardened in green house.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2001

To enhance the shoot induction efficiency from nodal stem of yooza, the culture conditions such as basal medium, carbohydrate source, solidifying agent and the optimum concentration of plant growth regulators for shoot induction were investigated. The nodal explants were cultured better on MS medium than on MT, SH, B5 or W media in considering of shoot induction rate and mean shoot length. Solidifying agent in medium was better with 0.8% agar than with 0.3% agar, 1.2% agarose or 0.2% gelrite. Carbohydrate source in shoot induction medium was efficient with 30 g/L sucrose. The optimum concentrations of plant growth regulators were determined that 0.1 mg/L NAA as auxin was effective on the shoot induction, and 1.0 mg/L BAP as cytokinin induced multiple shoots efficiently. Shoot induction was the most effective on MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L $GA_3$ in yooza.