• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.210-218
• /
• 2019

Recently, cable-stayed bridges have been attempting to apply bold and experimental shapes for aesthetic and originality. In the case of bridges that have no similar cases, deep understanding and verification of analytical modeling is needed. S-shaped curved pedestrian cable-stayed bridge is always twisted because the cable is arranged on one side of the inverted triangular truss girder. In order to suppress the torsion, the Link-shoes are arranged at the left and right top members with reference to the Bearing placed at the mid-bottom member. The first research is related to the modeling method of Link-Shoe and Diaphram. In order to accurately reflect the transverse structural system and the torsional stiffness, it was necessary to model the Link-Shoe and the Diaphram directly rather than indirectly using the stiffness of the Bearing. The second study is related to the lateral arrangement of Bearing and Link-Shoes. Method 1 is to place in order of Link-shoe, Bearing, and Link-shoe from outside the curve radius. Method 2 is place to in order of Bearing, Bearing, and Link-shoe. In method 2, compared to method 1, the stress in the outer top member was larger and the stress in the inner one was decreased. It is analyzed that the stress adjustment is possible according to the lateral arrangement of Bearing and Link-Shoe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.457-467
• /
• 2018

Currently, the regulation and rules for public surveying and the UCPs (Unified Control Points) adapts those of the triangulated traverse surveying. In addition, such regulations do not take account of the unique characteristics of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) surveying, thus there are difficulties in field work and data processing afterwards. A detailed procesure of GNSS processing has not yet been described either, and the verification of accuracy does not follow the generic standards. In order to propose an appropriate procedure for field surveys, we processed a short session (30 minutes) based on the scenarios similar to actual situations. The reference network in Seoul was used to process the same data span for 3 days. The temporal variation during the day was evaluated as well. We analyzed the accuracy of the estimated coordinates depending on the parameterization of tropospheric delay, which was compared with the 24-hr static processing results. Estimating the tropospheric delay is advantageous for the accuracy and stability of the coordinates, resulting in about 5 mm and 10 mm of RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) for horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Based on the test results, we propose a procedure to estimate the daily solution and then combine them to estimate the final solution by applying the minimum constraints (no-net-translation condition). It is necessary to develop a web-based processing system using a high-end softwares. Additionally, it is also required to standardize the ID of the public control points and the UCPs for the automatic GNSS processing.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.516-524
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study assessed the accuracy of the 24-hour diet recall method for estimating the energy intake of elderly men using the doubly labeled water as a reference method. Methods: Seventeen subjects (mean age $72.5{\pm}3.9years$), who maintained the same body weight during the two weeks study period, were included in this study. Three 24-hour diet recalls (two weekdays and one weekend) were obtained over a 14 day period to estimate the mean energy intake. The total energy expenditure was measured over the same 14 days using the doubly labeled water method. The total energy intake and total energy expenditure were compared by paired t-test. Results: The total energy intake from the 24-hour diet recalls method was $2536.7{\pm}350.6kcal/day$, and the total energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method was $2659.8{\pm}306.8kcal/day$. The total energy intake was slightly under-reported by $-123.2{\pm}260.8kcal/day$ (-4.4%). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure of the subjects (p=0.069). The percentage of accurate predictions was 64.7%. The correlation between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure was statistically significant (r=0.697, p<0.005). Conclusions: The present study supports the use of the 24-hour diet recall method to estimate the mean energy intake in elderly men group. More studies are needed to assess the validity of 24-hour diet recall method in other population groups, including elderly women, adults and children.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.527-547
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how depression, death anxiety, and social support can exert influence on the psychological well-being of elderly living alone through a parameter of resilience. A survey was conducted involving 988 elderly over the age of 65 living alone in the Daejeon metropolitan area and Chungcheongnam-do and the data were analyzed using structure equation model. The results were as follows. First, in the measurement of variables according to demographic characteristics, depression showed significant differences depending on gender, level of education, health, and financial condition, while death anxiety differed depending on gender, and level of education. Social support was significantly different by gender, age, level of education, region, health, and financial condition. The level of resilience was significantly different by gender, age, level of education, health, and financial condition. Psychological well-being varied according to gender, level of education, health, and financial condition. Second, the effects of depression, death anxiety and social support on psychological well-being were examined. It was found that depression had a negative influence and social support had a positive impact while death anxiety showed no influence. Third, with regard to the effects of depression, death anxiety, social support on resilience, depression was found having negative influence, whereas social support having positive influence. Forth, psychological well-being was positively affected by resilience. Also, through the mediated pathway of resilience, their psychological well-being seemed to totally improve when the negative factors were reduced and the positive ones promoted. This study may have some significance in reference to examine the factors affecting the psychological well-being of elderly living alone and to develop social welfare service programs and policies in the field.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.210-214
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Premature adrenarche (PA) often leads to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Higher anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels are reported in PCOS. We studied the androgen profile and AMH profiles in Hispanic girls with PA (aged 5-8 years) and age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records of girls who met the inclusion criteria for premature adrenarche were done. Results: PA girls (n=76) were matched to control girls (n=12) for age (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) ($6.7{\pm}1years$ vs. $6.2{\pm}1.3years$) and BMI ($20{\pm}10kg/m^2$ vs. $17.8{\pm}2.7kg/m^2$). Dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate ($63.3{\pm}51.3{\mu}g/dL$ vs. $29.8{\pm}17.3{\mu}g/dL$, P<0.001) and testosterone levels ($11.4{\pm}4.8ng/dL$ vs. $8.2{\pm}2.9ng/dL$, P=0.001) were significantly higher in the PA group than controls. AMH values (<14 years: reference range, 0.49-3.15 ng/mL) were $3.2{\pm}2.2ng/mL$ vs. $4.6{\pm}3.2ng/mL$ respectively in the PA and control groups and were not different (P=0.4). AMH did not show a correlation with bone age (P=0.1), and testosterone (P=0.9) in the PA group. 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels (17-OHP ng/dL) were $39.5{\pm}30.5ng/dL$ vs. $36.8{\pm}19.8ng/dL$ in PA versus control girls. The concentration of 17-OHP was not statistically different between the control and PA groups. Conclusion: Higher AMH was not observed in PA girls and no correlation with BA and androgen levels was observed.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of three type complete mandibular denture of before and after polymerization. Methods: Mandibular edentulous model was selected as the master model. 15 study models were made by Type IV stone. Wax complete mandibular dentures were produced by the denture base and artificial teeth. Before and after curing, STL files were obtained using a blue scanner. By superimposing the digitized complete mandibular denture data(after curing) with the CAD-reference(before curing) three-dimensionally, visual fit-discrepancies were drawn by calculating the root mean square (RMS) and visualized on a color-difference map. Each calculated RMS-value was statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: Mean(SD) RMS-values was OM group $88.98(6.10){\mu}m$, BM group $82.35(13.46){\mu}m$, BDM group $77.83(9.46){\mu}m$. The results of the 1-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in the RMS values of the Three groups for the material (P > .241). Conclusion : Deformation of artificial teeth position was observed in all groups after resin polymerization. But the values, all group were within the clinically acceptable range. The values of BDM group showed the least deformation than the other two groups.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.34 no.6_1
• /
• pp.879-891
• /
• 2018

In this study, the effects of urban redevelopment and building construction on the change of the detailed flows around the Pukyong National University (PKNU) campus located in the building-congested area was investigated using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model and GIS (geographic information system). For the analysis of the detailed flows before and after the constructions of the buildings around and within the campus, numerical simulations for the 16 inflow directions were performed before and after the construction. We used, as reference wind speeds at the inflow boundaries, the averaged wind speeds observed at the Gwangan light beacon (962) where there is no surrounding obstacle (i.e., building and terrain) acting as friction. We analyzed the area fractions in which wind speeds at z = 2.5 m changed after the construction for 16 inflow directions. The area fractions were relatively large in the east-south-easterly and southerly cases, because of the high-rise buildings constructed at the east and the apartment complex and the Engineering buildings constructed at the south of the PKNU campus. In the case of the easterly of which frequency is highest among the wind directions observed at the Daeyeon AWS (AWS 942) located inside the PKNU campus, the wind-speed change was not significant even after the constructions. It is shown that the building construction has affected the detailed flows around as well as even in the far downwind region of the constructed buildings. Also, it is shown that the GIS and CFD model are useful for analyzing the detailed flows in planning the urban redevelopment and/or building construction.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.165-234
• /
• 2018

Archival symposium was a time when men thought thoroughly about what archives were, and to carefully record such thoughts. In the time of archival symposium, I observed the people archiving. To bring out a thought for a man was a physical action that moves his own desire, language, emotion and senses simultaneously. In philosophy thought is not merely a logical and cognitive act. Thought is a physical act that includes logical thinking, feeling, emotion, will, and on. When there is a emotional change in the body, an idea about that change forms. Emotional change acts as a force that increases, decreases, accelerate and hinder the body's abilities. However, there were no suggestions for philosophical concepts from the start. Love is not taught by someone. At some point without oneself knowing we start love and really experience with our bodies what love is, and in this repeat love and undergo all these emotions. Would not the overall story of life be as such. It is different from building a car in a factory. When the archival symposium starts, we asked you to think about what archives are, and to record with such thoughts as reference. Archival symposium is still a proper noun. With the wish for it to become a general term, I report on the process and meaning of archival experiment that is the archival symposium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.108 no.3
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to establish basic data for the development of slow-moving landslide hazard classes. Mountain slopes in slow-moving landslide areas ranged from $11.8^{\circ}$ to $37.0^{\circ}$ with a mean slope of $23.8^{\circ}$. However, the slope inclination of microtopography in slow-moving landslide areas was slightly different, with a mean slope of $23.5^{\circ}$ ($10.7^{\circ}{\sim}41.5^{\circ}$) compared with the mountain slope. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the contour intervals of microtopography and the contour intervals of the slow-moving landslide areas. Among all the slow-moving landslide areas examined, 14 plots (approximately 38.0%) were classified into landslide hazard class I, 6 plots (approximately 16.0%) into landslide hazard class II, 5 plots (approximately 14.0%) into landslide hazard class III and IV, and 16 plots (approximately 43.0%) into landslide hazard class V, whereas 9 plots (approximately 24.0%) fit the no landslide hazard class.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.582-596
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze the deficiency-excess pattern identification (虛實辨證) and compare it to the sputum cytokines of asthma patients. Method: 50 asthma patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: deficiency and excess syndrome groups. Sputum examinations were performed including $TNF-{\alpha}$, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA), the Visual Analog Scale(VAS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were also measured. We also conducted laboratory tests, including the hematological indexes. Results: Based on the pattern identification, 50 asthma patients can be divided into two categories of groups: the deficiency syndrome group (N=24) and the excess syndrome group (N=26). In the analysis of sputum cytokines, although the $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and IL-13 were at a higher level in the deficient pattern group than in the excess pattern group, it was insignificantly different. There was a negative correlation in the analysis of QLQAKA and VAS. In the analysis of HRV, although the mean value of VLF, LF, and HF in the deficiency syndrome group was higher than in the excess syndrome group, it was insignificantly different. There was no significant difference in the hematological tests between the deficiency and the excess syndrome group. The mean value of the IgE in the blood tests was five times greater than the reference value. Conclusion: The cytokines of sputum including $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were indifferent statistically. Reinforcing the healthy and eliminating the pathogenic factors should be considered.