• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that three resin indexing materials had on the distortion of split cast in the procedures of solder indexing and block fabrication. The specimen had two cylinders and connecting bar Two cylinders were a reference cylinder and a test cylinder that were machined precisely and placed on metal base. The total of specimens were 30 and they were divided into 3 groups according to the resin indexing materials : Acrylic $solder^{(R)}$, G-C Pattern $resin^{(R)},\;Z-100^{(R)}$. The relative coordinates (X, Y, Z) of centroids of both cylinders were measured by using 3-D cool dinates measuring machine. The value of indexing distortion was obtained after application of indexing material, and the value of the block distortion was obtained after fabrication of soldering block, and the value of total distortion was a value sum of indexing distortion and block distortion. Intercentroidal linear distortion ${(\sqrt{X^{'2}+Y^{'2}+Z^{'2}}-{\sqrt{X^2+Y^2+Z^2)}$ and global distortion $(\sqrt{{(X^'-X)}^2+{(Y^'-Y)}^2+{(Z^'-Z)}^2}$ were calculated from data of coordinates of centroids at each measuring stages. The results of this study were as belows ; 1. The intercentroidal distance between the split casts was reduced by indexing distortion and increased by block distortion. 2. The indexing global distortion between the split casts was smaller than block global distortion. 3. The intercentroidal linear distortion and the global distortion were no significant difference between indexing materials.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.297-320
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• 2004

Household Register of South Kyongsang Province compiled by the Korean government in 1904 keeps complete details on local houses of eleven out of a total of thirty-one counties in the district. This study examines, band on e analysis of the primary source materials, e specifics of traditional housing of South Kyongsang Province with special reference to the magnitude of housing lots, size of dwellings, land and house ownership, and distribution of thatch and tile roof houses by dong, myon and county. Findings from the survey of the household register suggest that approximately 20 percent of households were established on the private or rented public lands, that 90 percent resided in undersized housing with just one or two rooms besides a kitchen, and that the regional average of dwelling size was no bigger than 2.75 rooms. The fact clarifies that the three-room thatch houses prevailed in South Kyongsang Province about a century ago. The miserable living conditions were tranalated into a constricted personal space of 2 to 4 square meters and a small-size household of less than 4 family members.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2008

Services over SIP protocol are anticipated to be commonly used services in our usual life. Especially, presence is a new feature in SIP-based services and actually entities' presence information has close relationship with privacy of them. Also, the XCAP-based authorization is accepted as a highly probable method to protect privacy of entities in SIP-based services. However, there is no proposed presence service model except IM service and it's hard to find the reference model that shows a way how we can apply XCAP-based authorization method into presence service. In this paper, we proposed new presence service model which is applicable to the VoIP service. We suggested presence service model which is making use of XCAP-based authorization to get protection of privacy in a organized way and the suggested model's each messaging steps were reviewed using concrete examples. Contributions of this work is in the suggestion of privacy-aware presence service using XCAP-based authorization and its verification of its each messaging step.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Using a reference slurry, ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS), an anionic and environmentally friendly surfactant, was investigated as an alternative to BTA for its inhibition and lubrication characteristics. Results demonstrated that the inhibition efficiency of ADS was superior to that of BTA. Coefficient of friction (COF) was the lowest when the slurry contained ADS. This suggested that adsorbed ADS on the surface provided lubricating action thereby reducing the wear between the contacting surfaces. Temperature results were consistent with the COF and removal rate data. ADS showed the lowest temperature rise again confirming the softening effect of the adsorbed surfactant layer and less energy dissipation due to friction. Spectral analysis of shear force showed that increasing the pad-wafer sliding velocity at constant wafer pressure shifted the high frequency spectral peaks to lower frequencies while increasing the variance of the frictional force. Addition of ADS reduced the fluctuating component of the shear force and the extent of the pre-existing stick-slip phenomena caused by the kinematics of the process and collision event between pad asperities with the wafer. By contrast, in the case of BTA, there were no such observed benefits but instead undesirable effects were seen at some polishing conditions. This work underscored the importance of real-time force spectroscopy in elucidating the adsorption, lubrication and inhibition of additives in slurries in CMP.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.222-231
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the seventh curriculum textbooks and teacher's guides of high school science courses in relation to the generation (mechanism) of magma in subduction boundary and find the incorrect descriptions of the texts and the figures (illustrations) and then suggest some improved schemes. According to the result there are many discrepancies in definition of 'magma' among the textbooks and further little scientific explanations about the formation mechanism of magma in most textbooks, and even no descriptions about that. In addition, the figures are inconsistent with the description of the text and also have some incorrect depiction which might contribute to the forming and reinforcing misconceptions about Plate Tectonics as well as a volcanic activity in subduction boundary. On the basis of the previous researches, therefore, some improved schemes (text descriptions and figures) are suggested. The results of this study should be used as a reference for publishing science textbook, developing science curriculum, and teaching effectively in the high school.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to serve as a stepping stone to outlook changes in men's fashion based on gender characteristics and the design proposal as a reference to shirts design for men's wear brands. This study is a theoretical work extracted from related books, dissertations, and web- resources referenced. Research method is as followed. It is based on the four main collections from S/S 2001 to S/S 2010 and selected designer brands among the most influential foreign men's fashion designer brands which have show cased their collections of 19 seasons in the last 10 years. These are what the study has found out. Firstly, the shoulder-line which used to be straight and hard in men's dress shirt has changed to comfortable curved line which falls from the shoulder to sleeve. Silhouettes were mainly shaped to an hourglass or slim silhouette representing the body curve line. Unlike how the masculine beauty was emphasized through the straight line, men's dress shirts nowadays used curved line for softness. Secondly, there were various designs with decorations added to the basic structure, making it no different from women's blouse and blurring the line between men's and women's fashion. Thirdly, colors were normally in bright ones. Tones were often in pale tone which used to be the women's color. Also choosing shades of yellow or red was a remarkable change in men's wear. Fourthly, through varying patterns and texture there were many shirts that gave clear visual effect. There were approximately equal portions of patterns with feminine image like natural patterns, abstract patterns, or small patterns and patterns with masculine image.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.487-496
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• 1995

Previous studies have demonstrated that not all A. actinomycetemcomitans produced significant level of leukotoxic factor and its leukotoxicity have associated with serotype and genetic variation. Our aim was to investigate on the interrelationship between serotype and leukotoxicity of an A. actinomycetemcomitans consisting of 13 clinically well characterized. Korean isolates and to evaluate if particular virulent clonal types of A. actinomycetemcomitans are associated with periodontal disease. For this study, 13 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans from 6 patients with periodontal disease were isolated and identified by using a selective medium(tryptic soy agar supplemented with 10% serum, $75{\mu}g$ of bacitracin and $5{\mu}g$ of vancomycin per ml) in 10% C02 incubator for 3days with routine Gram staining, colony morphology and biochemical test..For serotyping, antisera were prepared from reference strains of 5 serotypes. (ATCC 29523,Y4, SUNY aB 67, IDH 781, IDH 1705) and then ammonium sulfate precipitation, immunoabsorption and indirect immunofluoroscent procedures were done. For analysis of leukotoxicity, sonic extract of A. actinomycetemcomitans exposed to PMN, and trypan blue was stained for counting the cell viability. Finally Southern blot analyses of genomic DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Tag I was done and the Southern blots were hybridized with the 530bp fragment, termed delta 530, originating from the ltx promoter of strain 652 and deleted from strain JP2. Also ltxA-3.1 and SC2 probe from strain JP2 were hybridized with genomic DNA fragments. Results reveal that strains isolated showed approximately equal proportions of 3 serotypes(b, d, e) and serotype b was not detected. 2 patients harbored 2 different serotypes in the same disease site. The prevalence of leukotoxic strain was 23% and there was no relationship between serotype, leukotoxicity and clinical observations. Especially virulent clonal types of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitan (JP2 strain) could not found. Further studies are necessary on the genetic polymorphism of leukotoxin and its relations to clinical status.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.40.1-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new sampling and analytical method for the determination of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) in mist from field plating operation. The Procedures of this new method (Shin & Paik's Method) are as the following: Airborne hexavalent chromium is collected on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7600, and the filter sample is placed in a screw-capped vial and soaked with 2％ NaOH/3％ Na₂CO₃ solution immediately after sampling. The Cr(VI) sample is analyzed by ion chromatography/visible spectrophotometry (IC/VS) according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6. The airborne Cr(VI) concentrations measured by this method were compared with those determined by three reference methods: One (NIOSH/EPA Method) consisted of sampling airborne Cr(VI) on PVC filters and storing the sample filters in screw-capped vials according to the NIOSH method, and analyzing Cr(VI) in samples using IC/VS according to the EPA method. The second method (Impinger Method/NaHCO₃) consisted of absorbing airborne Cr(VI) into 0.02 MN/sub a/Hco₃ solution in midget impinger, and analyzing the Cr(VI) in samples using IC/VS. The third method was the OSHA Method Id-215. Using these four different methods, four replicates of air samples were collected at an electroplating process and analyzed simultaneously. Two-way ANOVA and Paired t-test were used to test difference among values determined by the methods. There was no significant difference and a strong correlation (r/sup 2/=0.99) between Cr(VI) concentrations measured by the shin & Paik's Method and an impinger method (p＞0.05). However, Cr(VI) concentrations determined by Shin & Paik's Method were Significantly different form those by the NIOSH/EPA Method (p＜0.05) or the OSHA method (p＜0.05). The Cr(VI) concentrations of Shin & Paik's Method were Significantly higher than those of the NIOSH/EPA Method or the OSHA method. We concluded that the Shin & Paik's Method could prevent Cr(VI) losses caused by reduction and give more reliable results of airborne Cr(VI) concentrations in work environments.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

Objective : There have been many programs to treat childhood obesity, since childhood obesity has shown up as a social problem. The purpose of this study was to find out considerable matters to manage Childhood Obesity Treatment Program (COTP). Methods : This study was made with reference to clinical progress notes of children with obesity, visiting the oriental medicine center, to take COTP from July 30th, 2003 to August 25th, 2004. COTP was consist of abdominal aroma massage, abdominal low frequency acupuncture therapy, auricular acupuncture therapy and behavior modification. Results : 1. Seven children who taken COTP started fat from young age and three started from about ten-year-old ages. 2. Six children have fat fathers, a child has fat parents and three children have no fat family member. 3. The obesity levels of Obesity Index(OI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Rohler Index(RI) were different, used for evaluating the result of treatment, though they are used for a child. The result of OI reflected more sensitive from changes of weight than those of BMI and RI. 4. We got the better results with numbers of treatment and exercise. Conclusions : More correct standard are needed to estimate degree childhood obesity. And it is necessary to carry out obesity treatment program with behavior modification, for children with obesity. to be healthy adults.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san on child diarrhea. Methods: This clinical study was carried out with 42 cases(31male, 11female) of children aged 0 to 14 years old who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital and were diagnosed as the diarrhea. Assessments were made with reference to sex, age, the duration of symptoms and physical history. To assess the impact of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san, the complicated signs, the duration of treatment, the correlation between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul- san, san and the duration of symptom were examined before and after the treatment. Results: There were 31 males and 11 females in the incidence by sex. It showed that males were more than females. The most numerous age group was 0-2(19) followed by 3-7 (11) and 9-12 (12). According to the duration of symptom, 12 children have symptom for 0-7 days, 10 for 8-14 days, 11 for 15-20 days, 4 for 22-28 days and 5 over 28 days. With regard to the physical history of the sample, 5 children had atopic dermatitis, 3 children had enteritis, 3 children had rhinitis, 2 children had tonsillitis, 1 child had otitis media, 1 child had asthma and 1 child had pneumonia. The children also had the complicated signs: 22 children had anorexia, 17 children had abdominal pain, 13 children had vomiting and 8 children had nausea in digestive organ. In addition 11 children had dizziness, 7 children had general weakness, 1 child had enuresis and 1 child had sweat in general symptoms. For the duration of the treatment, 14 children were treated for 7 days, 13 for 8-10 days, 8 for 11-14 days, 3 for 15-21 days, 2 for 22-28 days and 2 for 29-40 days. No distinct relationship between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san and the duration of the symptom was found. Conclusion: Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san is effective in the treatment of intestine mucous membrane and improves the function of digestive system. It is also an effective short-term treatment for child diarrhea.