• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.507-515
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• 2013

This paper proposes a compensation method for the $2^{nd}$-order harmonic of single-phase grid-connected wind power generation systems. Theoretically, a single-phase grid-connected inverter system has no choice but to cause the $2^{nd}$-order harmonic to DC-link voltage. The reference active current is affected by the DC-link voltage. The output current from the reference active current is distorted by the $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$-order harmonic. The proposed method can compensate, conveniently, the reference active current with the $2^{nd}$-order harmonic. To reduce the $2^{nd}$-order ripple in the reference active current, proposed method takes a PR controller as a feed-forward compensator. PR controllers can implement selective harmonic compensation without excessive computational requirements; the use of these controllers simplifies the method. Both the simulation and experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 1995

For the vioequivalence study of two ceftriaxone injection formulations ($Rocephin{\circledR}$ ; Roche, and Triaxone ; Hanmi0, the HPLC analytical method for the analysis of ceftriaxone in plasma was used. Fourteen healthy volunteers completed the study and each subject were IM in jected signle doses (1 g) of the test and the reference formulations in a two-way crossover design with an one week drug free interval between doses. Following each administration, plasma concentrations of ceftrixone were monitored over a period of 24 h. Bioequivalence parameters $AUC_{24th}, {\;}T_{max}, {\;}C_{max}$ and MRT determined from the data obtained for the two formulations were examined by analyses of variance (ANOVA) and other criteria and tests for bioequivalence. Results of ANOVA and confidence limits of test/reference ratios of $AUC_{24th}, {\;}T_{max}, {\;}C_{max}$ and MRT, and statistical tests indicated the bioequivalence of the two formulations (i.e., test/reference ratio was within $100{\pm}20%$) except for $T_{max}$ The mean of $T_{max}$ showed only 6. 9% difference from the reference but the detection limit was 22.5% which is slightly over the 20% criteria. No pharmacokinetic parameters including Ka, Kel, Vd and Cl indicated significant difference in between the two fomulations. It was concluded that the data yielded fro the two cefriaxone formulations demonstrated that they were bioequivalent.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.168-180
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• 1989

This study was attempted to develop the electronic-hydraulic hitch control system for position control of tractor plow and investigate the control performance of the system through experiments. Experiments were carried out to investigate the responses of the system to the step and sinusoidal inputs in position control. The effects of control mode, hydraulic flow rate, reference deadband, and proportional constant on control performance of the system were investigated. The following conclusions were derived from the study; 1. For the position control system operated on on-off control mode, positions of implement were controlled within ${\pm}0.73^{\circ}{\sim}{\pm}1.46^{\circ}$ in rockshaft angle to the reference position when the hydraulic flow rates were 5~15 l/min. For the position control system operated on PWM control mode, positions of implement were controlled within ${\pm}0.73^{\circ}$ to the reference position regardless of hydraulic flow rates. It means that the implement could be positioned more accurately to the reference position on PWM control mode than on on-off control mode. 2. As results of the frequency responses of the position control systems, no clear difference in control performance between on-off control and PWM control modes was found. As the hydraulic flow rates increased, the corner frequencies of amplitude attenuation and phase-angle change increased. It means that the control performance of the system could be improved as the hydraulic flow rate increases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2000

Silibinin(silybin) is the active component of silymarin from Silybum marianum and has hepato-protective effect. It is water-insoluble and has low bioavailability. To improve its bioavailability, self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) has been developed by Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company (Silyma $n^{R}$ 140 soft capsule). In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of Silyma $n^{R}$ were examined and compared it with a reference preparation, L Caps140 of B Pharmaceutical Company. This study was approved by Yonsei University Severance Hospital IRB(approval No. CR0004) and followed the bioequivalence test guideline of Korean FDA. Eighteen healthy adult volunteers were allocated based on 2$\times$2 Latin square cross-over design. They were given 2 capsules (each contains silymarin 140 mg (60 mg as silibinin)) of either drug at each period and crossed over after a week of drug-free washout period. Blood concentration of silibinin was measured by HPLC. The $C_{max}$ and AUC of the Silyma $n^{R}$ were 1542.0 $\pm$ 402.7 ng/ml and 3323.3 $\pm$ 824.7 ng.h/ml, respectively, and were significantly higher than those of reference preparation. The Tmax was 0.8 $\pm$ 0.3 h and significantly shorter than reference preparation. The $K_{e}$ and $T_{1}$2/ of both drugs were comparable. Percent differences in means against reference preparation were +88.3% for AUC, +222.6% for $C_{max}$, and -61.1% for $T_{max}$./.>././.>./.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.53
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• pp.201-228
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• 2017

Recently, public organizations have been improving the classification in order to introduce records management reference table in accordance with the act on the management of public archives. However, there is no system to mount the revised records management reference table, and there is a problem in usability. The purpose of this study is to design a system function to manage the classification which is the foundation of records management for public organizations. In order to design the function, interviews with the records management specialists of the five public organizations were conducted. Based on this, we have designed a multi-classification system registration function, a hierarchical structure setting function of records, and a record management standard management function.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

Purpose: The study's primary objective was to pinpoint the variables impacting consumers' impulsive purchasing decisions in the distribution centers in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. Research design, data, and methodology: The independent variables used to identify consumer impulse buying behavior were the in-store displays, store employee behavior, reference groups, and promotional activities. A 6-point Likert scale questionnaire was employed for collecting the primary data from customers at the retail center of Kathmandu. The study's sample size was 396, employing a convenient sampling method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS) have been used to show the relationships between dependent and independent variables. Results: The outcome of the path analysis using structural equation modeling demonstrates that in-store displays, reference groups, and store employees' behavior significantly influence the customers' impulse buying decisions in the distribution center. Additionally, it has been discovered that promotional activities have no significant impact on consumers' impulsive purchasing decisions made at the retail center of Kathmandu. Conclusions and Implications: The study's findings indicate that the actions of store personnel, reference groups, and in-store displays significantly contribute to the acceleration of impulsive purchases. Such findings provide researchers and business executives with a road map for the future.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-463
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• 2023

With South Korea increasingly focusing on nuclear energy, the management of spent nuclear fuel has attracted considerable attention in South Korea. This study established a novel procedure for selecting safety-relevant radionuclides for long-term safety assessments of a deep geological repository in South Korea. Statistical evaluations were performed to identify the design basis reference spent nuclear fuels and evaluate the source term for up to one million years. Safety-relevant radionuclides were determined based on the half-life criteria, the projected activities for the design basis reference spent nuclear fuel, and the annual limit of ingestion set by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission Notification No. 2019-10 without considering their chemical and hydrogeological properties. The proposed process was used to select 56 radionuclides, comprising 27 fission and activation products and 29 actinide nuclides. This study explains first the determination of the design basis reference spent nuclear fuels, followed by a comprehensive discussion on the selection criteria and methodology for safety-relevant radionuclides.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.166-172
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• 2023

The utilization of methyl 2-aminobenzoate as a biocide and pesticide has raised concerns regarding its potential toxicity. To assess its safety, it is crucial to determine its quantity and related toxicity using reference materials (RMs) or certified reference materials (CRMs). As an RM and CRM containing methyl 2-aminobenzoate within a biocidal product matrix is currently unavailable, this study aimed to produce a high-quality RM containing methyl 2-aminobenzoate, ensuring its homogeneity and stability, following the ISO Guide 35 and ISO 17034. The study determined that the produced RM exhibited homogeneity, as indicated by a calculated F-value (1.91) smaller than the critical F-value (3.02). In the assessment of isochronous short-term stability, the slope of the linear regression for the RM showed no statistically significant difference from zero when stored at temperatures of 4, 18, and 60 ℃ for 4 weeks. Regarding classical long-term stability, the RM demonstrated sustained stability over the course of one year when stored at 4 ℃. This study has successfully developed an RM for monitoring methyl 2-aminobenzoate in biocides and pesticides. Its quality underwent rigorous evaluation, confirming both homogeneity and stability.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2022

The infraorbital nerve block is used for mid-facial anesthesia. We aim to determine the location of infraorbital foramen (IOF) and accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) with reference to anterior nasal spine (ANS) and the lowest point of zygomaticomaxillary junction (Z) and assess the accuracy of the predictive method. Two hundred and sixteen dry skulls were examined. A reference line was drawn from ANS to Z (line A) and its length was measured (distance A). The location of IOF was predicted by using the mean vertical distance from IOF to line A (line B) which was 15.14±1.99 mm and the mean ratio of the distance between ANS and the intersecting point of line B and line A (distance D) to distance A (D:A) which was 63.35%±3.90%. Eighty-six AIOFs were found. Most of them located superomedial to IOF, except for 3 AIOFs which located in the inferolateral position. For localization the AIOF, the mean vertical distance was 19.34±3.36 mm and the mean ratio was 51.8%±5.90%. No statistically significant difference of the predicted distances for both foramens was found between sex and sides. The accuracy of the predictive method was assessed in 15 embalmed cadavers. Predicted IOFs were 50% accurate and the mean distance error of the predicted IOF was 1.10±1.44 mm lateral and 0.59±1.39 mm inferior to the exact IOF. Therefore, this study provides an alternative method for localization of IOF and AIOF which could be useful in clinical settings.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Background : Since 2001 the Korean Association of Health Promotion has attempted to establish her own reference valves that can be used in her all fifteen branch laboratories instead of using those adapted from the published data or there commended data by the reagent companies supplied as inserts. However, the previous two reference values derived from the statistics(year 2001 and 2002) were need to adjust to apply to actual practice. Besides there was an unavoidable situation that the reagent has to be changed to other companies in 2002 that creates another statistical problem. Subsequently, the third attempt to derive the reference ranges of tests in KAHP to solve those problems and define common)v acceptable reference ranges was done and and reported here. Methods : Al1 the results performed during January 2, 2003 through September 30, 2003 were collected in Excel tile format. All the data include dthe necessary information such as age and sex. The age was grouped in six; baby(0-3y), children(4-l2y), adolescent(13-l8y), adult(19-S4y), younger elderly (65-79y),old elderly(oyer 80y), with references of statistics in medical informatics and WHO classification. The data were statistically analyzed with SAS 6.04 for-Gaussian distribution as the previous two occasions. None of the tests showed Gaussian distribution. These procedures had been repeated twice or three times after trimming out the results lying outside three standard deviations. Though, all the tests showed non-Gaussian distribution. Subsequently, the reference ranges were defined in the range from the point of lower 2.5% to the point of higher 97.5 %. And in case the lower range could be "0", the reference ranges were defined in the range of 0 to 95%.Results : The reference ranges of most of 56 test items were newly assigned. Also with adaptation of the recommendation of WHO etc. on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin, cholesterol. Among these there were eight tests that needed reference ranges by the age groups and nine tests by the sex. Conclusions : The third attempt will credit more the reference range of all15 laboratories of Korean Association of Health Promotion, which will be essential part of the better service to the patient and clients to visit KAHP.