• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (21-year) fertilizer and compost treatments on the yield of red pepper and chemical properties in top-dong, Suwon. Six treatments were chosen for this work: No fertilization (No fert.), NPK fertilizers (NPK), NPK and compost (NPK+Compost), NP and compost (NP+Compost), NK and compost (NK+Compost), PK and compost (PK+Compost). The yield of red pepper for 21 years indicated the significant differences among the No fertilization, the PK+Compost, and other treatments. The relative yield index was 13% and 59% respectively, for the No fertilization and the PK+Compost if the average yield of red pepper for the NPK regards $20,048kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the yield index with 100%. Soil organic matter at the compost applied treatments significantly increased compared with the No fert. and the NPK. The average increase rates of soil organic matter by applying the compost ranged from 0.69 to $0.73g\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Available phosphate content in soil appeared the significant increase all treatments excluding the No fert. It is estimated that the available phosphate in soil was increased by $7.0mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying compost and $14.2mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying P fertilizer. Application of K fertilizer or the compost alone, the NPK, the NP+Compost, continuously caused soil K depletion whereas K fertilization plus the compost maintained at a constant level of exchangeable K. The results indicated that the addition of compost to NPK fertilizer is recommended for the maximum stable yield for red pepper and enhancement of organic matter though it is also needed for adjusting of P and K fertilization.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition their and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1185-1195
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• 2024

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of wilted and unwilted silage on various parameters, such as nutrient content, fermentation quality, bacterial populations, and digestibility. Methods: Thirty-six studies from Scopus were included in the database and analyzed using a random effects model in OpenMEE software. The studies were grouped into two categories: wilting silage (experiment group) and non-wilting silage (control group). Publication bias was assessed using a fail-safe number. Results: The results showed that wilting before ensiling significantly increased the levels of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, compared to non-wilting silage (p<0.05). However, wilting significantly decreased dry matter losses, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia levels (p<0.05). The pH, crude protein, and ash contents remained unaffected by the wilting process. Additionally, the meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial populations, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and aerobic bacteria, or in vitro dry matter digestibility between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Wilting before ensiling significantly improved silage quality by increasing dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrates, as well as reducing dry matter losses, butyric acid, and ammonia. Importantly, wilting did not have a significant impact on pH, crude protein, or in vitro dry matter digestibility.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.100-100
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• 2022

This study was conducted in 2021 using Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok, that showed good yield performance both under upland and lowland conditions in the previous year. The experiments were carried out by sowing on April 22, May 14, May 30, June 19, and July 10, with aim to determine optimum sowing date in central region of Korea. The growing degree days (GDD) required to read the flowering stage were 1375.5-1725.3℃ for upland and 1582.7-1982.4℃ for lowland condition. The lowest GDD was observed in July 10 sowing regardless of ridge formation both under lowland and upland conditions for Kwangpyeongok. However, Gangdaok showed the lowest GDD under no-ridge in lowland and high-ridge in upland, both of which were sown on June 19. The difference in GDD between no-ridge and high-ridge treatment was little depending on the sowing date. In both lowland and upland, there was no significant difference between no-ridge and high-ridge treatments in stover dry matter, ear dry matter, and TDN between no-ridge and high-ridge treatments. Under upland condition, no significant difference in biomass and TDN was observed among sowing date treatments and between varieties. Under lowland condition, biomass production was severely reduced in May 30 sowing treatment, whereas no varietal difference was observed. Reduced biomass in May 30 sowing treatment may be due to excess waterlogging and lodging by rainfall.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.827-830
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• 2013

To evaluate the effects of feeding four different levels of starter in male Holstein dairy calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 28 calves with initial body weight of $40.5{\pm}2.4$ kg. The animals were fed iso-nitrogenous starter and were weaned when they consumed 350, 500, 650 and 800 g/d of starter for 3 d consecutively. Starter and water were available ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Body weight at pre-weaning (less than 5 wk) and post-weaning (8 wk) was lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the highest among all treatments in pre-weaning period (p<0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning and total DMI was higher in that calves received 800 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter were weaned earlier (p<0.05) and showed lower milk consumption (kg, DM) compared with other treatments whereas no significant difference was observed between calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter (p>0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities were lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber digestibility among all treatments (p>0.05).Treatments had no significant effect on time of starting rumination, respiratory score, and days of drug administration for pneumonia. There were no meaningful differences in feces, fecal odor scores, body temperature, and days of drug administration for diarrhea among all treatments (p>0.05). Total dry matter intake at the end of experiment showed no significant difference among calves fed 600 and 800 g/d of starter, but calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter showed more dry matter (DM) intake than calves in the 600 and 800 g/d groups (p<0.05).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1997

Many farmers apply cattle slurry on grassland, often in excess of crop N requirements, resulting in groundwater contamination. Our research objective was the development of grassland management systems that reduce undesirable sideeffects on other compartment of the ecosystem. Field experiment was conducted during 1991~1993 on sandy loam soil at AllgZiu south western Germany. Different sets of conditions were tested such as : zero fertilization, reduced sluny application$(l20kg N ha^{-1}yr^{-1})$, intensive sluny application(conventional sluny application, $240kg N ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$). The plots of the reduced slurry application had no significant effect on dry matter yields, digestible dry matter and net energy of herbage. Dry matter yield of zero fertilization was significantly lower than that of usual slurry application, however the content of Ca and Mg in herbage tended to increase. We conclude that reduced sluny application can be applied on grassland without adverse effects on dry matter production and quality of herbage.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.545-557
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• 2018

The inclusion of covariates in the model often affects not only the estimates of meaningful variables of interest but also its statistical significance. Such gap between statistical and subject-matter significance is a critical issue in huge sample studies. A popular huge sample study, the sample cohort data from Korean National Health Insurance Service, showed such gap of significance in the inference for the effect of obesity on cause of mortality, requiring careful consideration. In this regard, this paper proposes a sample size calibration method based on a Monte Carlo t (or z)-test approach without Monte Carlo simulation, and also proposes a test procedure for subject-matter significance using this calibration method in order to complement the deflated p-value in the huge sample size. Our calibration method shows no subject-matter significance of the obesity paradox regardless of race, sex, and age groups, unlike traditional statistical suggestions based on p-values.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.387-398
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• 1997

This experiment was to investigate the surface coverage, sward height and dry matter yield of 63 perennial ryegrass cultivars with control cultivar, orchardgrass(Potomac) at different cutting dates(May 25, July 5, August 20 and October 5), in order to select the adaptable cultivars of perennial ryegrass in the middle region of Korea. Four perennial ryegrass cultivars, E.V. Meadea, Aberystwyth S101, Raidor and Real, didn't survive afler sowing. Surface coverage of perennial ryegrass cultivars cut in August 20 was lower than others. Sward height of perennial ryegrass cultivars at each cutting dates was lower than that of orchardgrass. There were no significant differences in sward heights of each cutting date. Dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass cultivars cut in August 20 was lower than others. Total dry matter yield of Oakpark 6% Viktoria, Petra, G. Manawa, and Kangaroo Valley was fell in the range of 11.76 and 10.37t/ha while that of orchardgrass was 12.09t/ha. On the basis of total annual dry matter yield, the adaptability of perennial ryegrass cultivars was classfied as following.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1999

Soil properties which affect the retention of Pb(I) were investigated in the laboratory. It was determined, through selective removal, that organic matter and Fe-oxides are of lesser importance in influencing Pb retention than are soil clay minerals. The following trend : clays ＞ organic matter ＞ Fe-oxides represents the relative importance of each constituent in the adsorption of Pb by soils. The consistently greater Pb uptake by surface over subsurface samples was apparently due to differences in organic matter content, inasmuch as organic matter removal from both resulted in similar adsorption characteristics. All five soils stooled exhibited a pH-dependent trend of adsorption. The extent of Pb adsorption was least at low pH values(4~5), was maximum in the neutral pH range, and leveled off or diminished under more alkaline conditions. There was no strong correlation between Pb uptake and soil cation exchange capacity as routinely measured by the NH$_4$OAc method. A knowledge of clay mineralogy in conjunction with soil pH is suggested as being the most reliable guide to predicting Pb retention by soils.